How to create and run multiple postgreSQL containers with docker compose on single docker host at the same time.
Obejctives
- Run multiple PostgreSQL containers with
- multiple versions
- different ports
- different local volumes
Restriction
- Official PostgreSQL container image doesn't have Japanese locale such like ja_JP.utf8 .
Official images and available version tags
System
# cat /etc/redhat-release
Rocky Linux release 9.4 (Blue Onyx)
# docker -v
Docker version 26.1.2, build 211e74b
Tips
Separate the project name (small letter) for each containers with docker compose command.
Options:
-p, --project-name string Project name
must consist only of lowercase alphanumeric characters, hyphens, and underscores as well as start with a letter or number
Mapping different port numbers.
Mapping database data directory to local volume.
- If you remove container with misstake, you can recovery database with recreating conatainer.
Make 3 compose files
# cat PGSQL15.7-PJ1.yml
services:
db:
image: postgres:15.7
container_name: postgres_15.7-1
ports:
- 5433:5432
volumes:
- type: bind
source: /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data
target: /var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=P@ssw0rd
# cat PGSQL15.7-PJ2.yml
services:
db:
image: postgres:15.7
container_name: postgres_15.7-2
ports:
- 5434:5432
volumes:
- type: bind
source: /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data
target: /var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=P@ssw0rd
# cat PGSQL14-PJ3.yml
services:
db:
image: postgres:14
container_name: postgres_14-1
ports:
- 5435:5432
volumes:
- type: bind
source: /docker-postgres/14-1/data
target: /var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=P@ssw0rd
Prepare local volumes
# mkdir -p /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data /docker-postgres/14-1/data
# ls -l /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data /docker-postgres/14-1/data
/docker-postgres/14-1/data:
合計 0
/docker-postgres/15.7-1/data:
合計 0
/docker-postgres/15.7-1/data:
合計 0
Execute docker compose with dry run at first
# docker compose -p pj1 -f PGSQL15.7-PJ1.yml --dry-run up
[+] Running 1/1
✔ DRY-RUN MODE - db Pulled 1.3s
[+] Running 1/0
✔ DRY-RUN MODE - Container postgres_15.7-1 Created 0.0s
end of 'compose up' output, interactive run is not supported in dry-run mode
(snip)
Execute docker compose
# docker compose -p pj1 -f PGSQL15.7-PJ1.yml up -d
[+] Running 15/15
✔ db Pulled 18.5s
✔ 09f376ebb190 Pull complete 6.0s
✔ 119215dfb3e3 Pull complete 6.0s
✔ 94fccb772ad3 Pull complete 6.5s
✔ 0fc3acb16548 Pull complete 6.7s
✔ d7dba7d03fe8 Pull complete 7.8s
✔ 898ae395a1ca Pull complete 8.0s
✔ 088e651df7e9 Pull complete 8.0s
✔ ed155773e5e0 Pull complete 8.0s
✔ 52df7d12fb73 Pull complete 15.3s
✔ bab1ecc22dc9 Pull complete 15.4s
✔ 1655a257a5b5 Pull complete 15.4s
✔ 978f02dfc247 Pull complete 15.4s
✔ d715d7d9aee0 Pull complete 15.4s
✔ b2e9251b2f8d Pull complete 15.4s
[+] Running 1/1
✔ Container postgres_15.7-1 Started
same image
# docker compose -p pj2 -f PGSQL15.7-PJ2.yml up -d
[+] Running 1/1
✔ Container postgres_15.7-2 Started
# docker compose -p pj3 -f PGSQL14-PJ3.yml up -d
[+] Running 15/15
✔ db Pulled 22.7s
✔ 09f376ebb190 Already exists 0.0s
✔ eae1b5cf3e42 Pull complete 0.7s
✔ a9404ea998bc Pull complete 1.1s
✔ 9b72f3da5ca8 Pull complete 1.2s
✔ 0862c192c702 Pull complete 2.4s
✔ ca21a003e48e Pull complete 2.6s
✔ 16e7bd8396f1 Pull complete 2.6s
✔ 1c42d8ac920e Pull complete 7.0s
✔ 3dc5508cdb5e Pull complete 19.8s
✔ 277e41134633 Pull complete 19.8s
✔ 8fec6d10d079 Pull complete 19.8s
✔ ff5496d1ae7d Pull complete 19.9s
✔ acb6b31dbd6d Pull complete 19.9s
✔ faf3364210ef Pull complete 19.9s
[+] Running 1/1
✔ Container postgres_14-1 Started
Check containers and database connections
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f0130bc31557 postgres:14 "docker-entrypoint.s…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:5435->5432/tcp, :::5435->5432/tcp postgres_14-1
0360be108fdf postgres:15.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:5434->5432/tcp, :::5434->5432/tcp postgres_15.7-2
fbf9655439f0 postgres:15.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:5433->5432/tcp, :::5433->5432/tcp postgres_15.7-1
# docker compose ls
NAME STATUS CONFIG FILES
pj1 running(1) /root/docker-compose/PGSQL15.7-PJ1.yml
pj2 running(1) /root/docker-compose/PGSQL15.7-PJ2.yml
pj3 running(1) /root/docker-compose/PGSQL14-PJ3.yml
# docker inspect postgres_15.7-1
(snip)
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/docker-postgres/15.7-1/data",
"Target": "/var/lib/postgresql/data"
}
],
(snip)
# ls -l /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data /docker-postgres/15.7-1/data /docker-postgres/14-1/data
/docker-postgres/14-1/data:
合計 64
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 3 5月 16 20:23 PG_VERSION
drwx------. 5 systemd-coredump input 41 5月 16 20:23 base
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 4096 5月 16 20:24 global
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 6 5月 16 20:23 pg_commit_ts
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 6 5月 16 20:23 pg_dynshmem
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 4821 5月 16 20:23 pg_hba.conf
(snip)
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 88 5月 16 20:23 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 28827 5月 16 20:23 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 36 5月 16 20:23 postmaster.opts
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 94 5月 16 20:23 postmaster.pid
/docker-postgres/15.7-1/data:
合計 64
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 3 5月 16 20:22 PG_VERSION
drwx------. 5 systemd-coredump input 33 5月 16 20:22 base
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 4096 5月 16 20:24 global
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 6 5月 16 20:22 pg_commit_ts
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 6 5月 16 20:22 pg_dynshmem
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 4821 5月 16 20:22 pg_hba.conf
(snip)
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 88 5月 16 20:22 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 29517 5月 16 20:22 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 36 5月 16 20:22 postmaster.opts
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 94 5月 16 20:22 postmaster.pid
/docker-postgres/15.7-1/data:
合計 64
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 3 5月 16 20:22 PG_VERSION
drwx------. 5 systemd-coredump input 33 5月 16 20:22 base
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 4096 5月 16 20:24 global
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 6 5月 16 20:22 pg_commit_ts
drwx------. 2 systemd-coredump input 6 5月 16 20:22 pg_dynshmem
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 4821 5月 16 20:22 pg_hba.conf
(snip)
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 88 5月 16 20:22 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 29517 5月 16 20:22 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 36 5月 16 20:22 postmaster.opts
-rw-------. 1 systemd-coredump input 94 5月 16 20:22 postmaster.pid
# docker exec -it postgres_15.7-1 /bin/bash
root@fbf9655439f0:/# ls -al /var/lib/postgresql/data
total 68
drwx------. 19 postgres root 4096 May 16 11:22 .
drwxr-xr-x. 1 postgres postgres 18 May 14 02:57 ..
drwx------. 5 postgres postgres 33 May 16 11:22 base
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 May 16 11:24 global
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 6 May 16 11:22 pg_commit_ts
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 6 May 16 11:22 pg_dynshmem
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4821 May 16 11:22 pg_hba.conf
(snip)
- ctrl p > q for detach
from the local host with psql command
# psql postgres -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5434 -U postgres
ユーザ postgres のパスワード:
psql (13.14、サーバ 15.7 (Debian 15.7-1.pgdg120+1))
警告： psql のメジャーバージョンは 13 ですが、サーバのメジャーバージョンは 15 です。
psql の機能の中で、動作しないものがあるかもしれません。
"help"でヘルプを表示します。
postgres=# select version();
version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 15.7 (Debian 15.7-1.pgdg120+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0, 64-bit
(1 行)
postgres=# \q
- If you don't have psql command on the docker host, install psql command "dnf install postgresql" or connect from remote psql with proper hg_hba.conf.