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RailsでJSONB型を使う

Last updated at Posted at 2016-08-09

検証環境

Service
  PostgreSQL 9.4.4

Gem
  rails (4.2.0)
  activerecord (4.2.0)
  Gem pg (0.18.1)

使い方

マイグレーション

db/migrate/create_shops.rb
class CreateShops < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    create_table :shops do |t|
      t.jsonb  :metas, null: false, default: '{}'
    end
  end
end

管理画面(ActiveAdmin)

ActiveAdmin::JsonEditor / Github

Gemfile
gem 'activeadmin_json_editor', '~> 0.0.6'
app/admin/shop.rb
ActiveAdmin.register Shop do
    permit_params :metas

    json_editor

    # specify the type does not necessarily
    form do |f|
      f.inputs do
        f.input :metas, as: :jsonb
      end
      f.actions
    end
end

サンプル

image

image

検索

モデル等
  ## (meta["country"]["name"] == "Japan") なレコードを検索する
  shops = Shop.where("meta #> '{country}' ->>'name' = ?", "Japan")

  ## (meta["country"].has_key("code") && meta["country"].has_key("name")) なレコードを検索する
  shops = Shop.where("meta #> '{country}' ?| array['code', 'name']")     #「?」がプレイスホルダーと被るが、第二引数を渡さなければ大丈夫
  shops = Shop.where("meta #> '{country}' ?| array['code', 'name']","2") #「?」が"2"に置換されてしまう
  shops = Shop.where("meta #> '{country}' ?| array[:keys]",keys:['code', 'name']) #名前付きプレースホルダを使えば「?」は置換されないので大丈夫

※ 記法が独特で間違えやすそうなので、scopeあたりで定義してきちんとテストして使うようにしたい。

結果サンプル

RailsConsole
[1] pry(main)> shops = Shop.where("meta #> '{country}' ->>'name' = ?", "Japan")
=>   Shop Load (0.5ms)  SELECT "shops".* FROM "shops" WHERE (meta #> '{country}' ->>'name' = 'Japan')
[#<Shop:0x007f6c01ba7c90
  id: 13,
  meta:
   {"country"=>{"code"=>"49", "name"=>"Japan"},
    "zipcode"=>"123-4567",
    "prefecture"=>{"code"=>"1234567", "name"=>"Hokkaido"}},
  created_at: Fri, 29 Jul 2016 21:57:31 JST +09:00,
  updated_at: Tue, 09 Aug 2016 23:27:40 JST +09:00>]

参照

  • Hash型になるので「.country」等でメソッドアクセスすることはできない
  • シンボルも不可
RailsConsole
[1] pry(main)> shop.meta.country
NoMethodError: undefined method `country' for #<Hash:0x007f6c01ac7398>
from (pry):18:in `<main>'

[2] pry(main)> shop.meta["country"]
=> {"code"=>"49", "name"=>"Japan"}

[3] pry(main)> shop.meta["country"]["code"]
=> "49"

[4] pry(main)> shop.meta["country"]["none_attribute"]
=> nil

[5] pry(main)> shop.meta["none_attribute"]["code"]
NoMethodError: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass
from (pry):23:in `<main>'

[6] pry(main)> shop.meta[:country]
=> nil

※必要ならばモデル化して使うことも検討

参考

  • ベンチマークやインデックスの貼り方などいろいろ

Using PostgreSQL and jsonb with Ruby on Rails
http://nandovieira.com/using-postgresql-and-jsonb-with-ruby-on-rails

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