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SymfonyのFormTypeでAPIリクエストを受ける

Posted at

前置き

SymfonyでFormTypeを使うとき、Controllerでは以下のように書くことが多いです。

    #[Route('/', name: 'list', methods: ['POST'])]
    public function index(Request $request): Response
    {
        $data = new Some();
        $form = $this->createForm(SomeType::class, $data)->handleRequest($request);
        if (!$form->isValid()) {
            ...
        }
        ...
        return $this->json(....);
    }

しかし、実はこの形式でデータがSomeDataにバインドできるのは、リクエストのContent-Typeapplication/x-www-form-urlencodedmultipart/form-dataの時だけです。なので、APIリクエストなどでContent-Typeapplication/jsonの時は期待するようにデータがバインドされません。

どうするか

リクエストをDTOにマッピングするためのトリガーは、上の例のhandleRequest($request)この部分です。このhandleRequest()が呼ばれると、もろもろの処理が走り最終的にSymfony\Component\Form\Extension\HttpFoundation\HttpFoundationRequestHandler::handleRequest()が呼び出されます。実装は以下の通りです。

...
public function handleRequest(FormInterface $form, $request = null)
    {

        if (!$request instanceof Request) {
            throw new UnexpectedTypeException($request, 'Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request');
        }

        $name = $form->getName();
        $method = $form->getConfig()->getMethod();

        if ($method !== $request->getMethod()) {
            return;
        }

        // For request methods that must not have a request body we fetch data
        // from the query string. Otherwise we look for data in the request body.
        if ('GET' === $method || 'HEAD' === $method || 'TRACE' === $method) {
            if ('' === $name) {
                $data = $request->query->all();
            } else {
                // Don't submit GET requests if the form's name does not exist
                // in the request
                if (!$request->query->has($name)) {
                    return;
                }

                $data = $request->query->all()[$name];
            }
        } else {
            // Mark the form with an error if the uploaded size was too large
            // This is done here and not in FormValidator because $_POST is
            // empty when that error occurs. Hence the form is never submitted.
            if ($this->serverParams->hasPostMaxSizeBeenExceeded()) {
                // Submit the form, but don't clear the default values
                $form->submit(null, false);

                $form->addError(new FormError(
                    $form->getConfig()->getOption('upload_max_size_message')(),
                    null,
                    ['{{ max }}' => $this->serverParams->getNormalizedIniPostMaxSize()]
                ));

                return;
            }

            if ('' === $name) {
                $params = $request->request->all();
                $files = $request->files->all();
            } elseif ($request->request->has($name) || $request->files->has($name)) {
                $default = $form->getConfig()->getCompound() ? [] : null;
                $params = $request->request->all()[$name] ?? $default;
                $files = $request->files->get($name, $default);
            } else {
                // Don't submit the form if it is not present in the request
                return;
            }

            if (\is_array($params) && \is_array($files)) {
                $data = array_replace_recursive($params, $files);
            } else {
                $data = $params ?: $files;
            }
        }

        // Don't auto-submit the form unless at least one field is present.
        if ('' === $name && \count(array_intersect_key($data, $form->all())) <= 0) {
            return;
        }

        $form->submit($data, 'PATCH' !== $method);
    }
...

このメソッドでは、HTTPメソッドで場合わけをして、リクエストからデータを取得しFormに渡すという処理をしています。
この時、Content-Typeapplication/x-www-form-urlencodedmultipart/form-dataであることを前提としているため、APIリクエストの場合はDTOへのバインドが行えません。

なので、APIリクエストからFormへデータを渡せるようなハンドラーを自作してしまえばOKです。
実装としては以下のような形になるかと思います。

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Form\Extension;

use Symfony\Component\Form\Exception\UnexpectedTypeException;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormError;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Form\RequestHandlerInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Form\Util\ServerParams;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\File;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

class ApiRequestHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface
{
    private ServerParams $serverParams;

    public function __construct(ServerParams $serverParams = null)
    {
        $this->serverParams = $serverParams ?? new ServerParams();
    }

    public function handleRequest(FormInterface $form, $request = null)
    {
        if (!$request instanceof Request) {
            throw new UnexpectedTypeException($request, Request::class);
        }

        $method = $form->getConfig()->getMethod();
        if ($method !== $request->getMethod()) {
            return;
        }

        if (in_array($method, ['GET', 'HEAD', 'TRACE'])) {
            $data = $request->query->all();
        } else {
            if ($this->serverParams->hasPostMaxSizeBeenExceeded()) {
                $form->submit(null, false);
                $form->addError(new FormError(
                    $form->getConfig()->getOption('upload_max_size_message')(),
                    null,
                    ['{{ max }}' => $this->serverParams->getNormalizedIniPostMaxSize()]
                ));

                return;
            }

            $data = json_decode($request->getContent(), true);
        }

        $form->submit($data);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function isFileUpload($data): bool
    {
        return $data instanceof File;
    }
}

本家との違いは

  • formのnameによる検証を削除
  • POSTの場合は、リクエストボディをjsonデコードしたものをFormへの入力とする

の2点です。

FormTypeでこのハンドラーを利用する場合は以下のように$builderに設定します。

class SomeType extends AbstractType
{
    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
    {
        $builder->add('hoge', TextType::class);
        ....
        $builder->setRequestHandler(new ApiRequestHandler());
    }

    public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver)
    {
        $resolver->setDefaults([
            'csrf_protection' => false,
            'data_class' => Some::class,
        ]);
    }
}

実際の運用としては、ApiTypeのようなものを作っておき、parentにそちらを指定するようにすると、使い回しができるのでスッキリすると思います。

ApiType
class ApiType extends AbstractType
{
    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
    {
        $builder->setRequestHandler(new ApiRequestHandler());
    }

    public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver)
    {
        $resolver->setDefaults(['csrf_protection' => false]);
    }
}
class SomeType extends AbstractType
{
    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options): void
    {
        $builder->add('hoge', TextType::class);
    }

    public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver)
    {
        $resolver->setDefaults(['data_class' => Some::class]);
    }

    public function getParent()
    {
        return ApiType::class;
    }
}
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