X = np.random.rand(5, 10)
print(X)
# Recent versions of numpy
A = X.mean(axis=0)
B = X.mean(axis=1)
C = X.mean(axis=0, keepdims=True)
D = X.mean(axis=1, keepdims=True)
print("====keepdims False====")
print(A)
print(B)
print("====keepdims True====")
print(C)
print(D)
print("====X-====")
Y = X - D
print(Y)
xc = X - C
print(xc)
# Older versions of numpy
Z = X - X.mean(axis=1).reshape(-1, 1)
print("====Z====")
print(Z)
print(Z==Y)
print(Z==xc)
- e.g.
[[ 0.25518457 0.3020462 0.82833829 0.34538812 0.21882783 0.74033878
0.84537549 0.28770821 0.09940315 0.06847006]
[ 0.27508833 0.45318817 0.46381574 0.07564968 0.55683363 0.5939703
0.6426096 0.74924793 0.54931914 0.54007607]
[ 0.0728746 0.44654499 0.82165271 0.5675067 0.86208338 0.89135909
0.15331502 0.20468845 0.48690015 0.11149013]
[ 0.24228404 0.87995429 0.38547148 0.81049191 0.67784326 0.5200897
0.80242979 0.12312958 0.62984986 0.79826152]
[ 0.38105088 0.03017003 0.55446269 0.35068574 0.39123161 0.2831094
0.2009292 0.76581118 0.82980976 0.42681617]]
====keepdims False====
[ 0.24529648 0.42238074 0.61074818 0.42994443 0.54136394 0.60577345
0.52893182 0.42611707 0.51905641 0.38902279]
[ 0.39910807 0.48997986 0.46184152 0.58698054 0.42140767]
====keepdims True====
[[ 0.24529648 0.42238074 0.61074818 0.42994443 0.54136394 0.60577345
0.52893182 0.42611707 0.51905641 0.38902279]]
[[ 0.39910807]
[ 0.48997986]
[ 0.46184152]
[ 0.58698054]
[ 0.42140767]]
====X-====
[[-0.1439235 -0.09706187 0.42923022 -0.05371995 -0.18028024 0.34123071
0.44626742 -0.11139986 -0.29970492 -0.33063801]
[-0.21489153 -0.03679169 -0.02616412 -0.41433018 0.06685377 0.10399044
0.15262974 0.25926807 0.05933928 0.05009622]
[-0.38896693 -0.01529654 0.35981118 0.10566518 0.40024186 0.42951757
-0.3085265 -0.25715307 0.02505863 -0.3503514 ]
[-0.34469651 0.29297374 -0.20150906 0.22351136 0.09086272 -0.06689084
0.21544925 -0.46385096 0.04286932 0.21128098]
[-0.04035678 -0.39123763 0.13305502 -0.07072192 -0.03017606 -0.13829827
-0.22047847 0.34440352 0.40840209 0.0054085 ]]
[[ 0.00988809 -0.12033453 0.2175901 -0.08455631 -0.32253611 0.13456533
0.31644368 -0.13840886 -0.41965326 -0.32055273]
[ 0.02979184 0.03080744 -0.14693244 -0.35429475 0.01546969 -0.01180316
0.11367778 0.32313086 0.03026273 0.15105328]
[-0.17242189 0.02416425 0.21090453 0.13756228 0.32071944 0.28558564
-0.3756168 -0.22142862 -0.03215626 -0.27753266]
[-0.00301245 0.45757355 -0.2252767 0.38054748 0.13647932 -0.08568375
0.27349797 -0.30298749 0.11079345 0.40923873]
[ 0.1357544 -0.3922107 -0.05628549 -0.07925869 -0.15013233 -0.32266406
-0.32800262 0.33969411 0.31075335 0.03779338]]
====Z====
[[-0.1439235 -0.09706187 0.42923022 -0.05371995 -0.18028024 0.34123071
0.44626742 -0.11139986 -0.29970492 -0.33063801]
[-0.21489153 -0.03679169 -0.02616412 -0.41433018 0.06685377 0.10399044
0.15262974 0.25926807 0.05933928 0.05009622]
[-0.38896693 -0.01529654 0.35981118 0.10566518 0.40024186 0.42951757
-0.3085265 -0.25715307 0.02505863 -0.3503514 ]
[-0.34469651 0.29297374 -0.20150906 0.22351136 0.09086272 -0.06689084
0.21544925 -0.46385096 0.04286932 0.21128098]
[-0.04035678 -0.39123763 0.13305502 -0.07072192 -0.03017606 -0.13829827
-0.22047847 0.34440352 0.40840209 0.0054085 ]]
[[ True True True True True True True True True True]
[ True True True True True True True True True True]
[ True True True True True True True True True True]
[ True True True True True True True True True True]
[ True True True True True True True True True True]]
[[False False False False False False False False False False]
[False False False False False False False False False False]
[False False False False False False False False False False]
[False False False False False False False False False False]
[False False False False False False False False False False]]