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MacOSX El Capitan でパケットキャプチャし、自動的にファイルに保存する:wireshark編

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Last updated at Posted at 2016-01-31

実現したいこと

MacOSX El Capitan でパケットキャプチャしながら、自動的にファイルに保存する。
後ほどWiresharkでパケットファイルを閲覧したい。

実現方法および解決方法

Homebrew caskでwiresharkをインストールする。
wiresharkのtsharkコマンド起動時にパケットキャプチャしたものをファイルに保存するコマンドオプションを利用する。

実行コマンド

mkdir -p ~/tmp/pkt
cd ~/tmp/pkt
tshark -i en0 -w testcap_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S).pcap

停止する際は、Ctrl + C を押す。

~/tmp/pkt に日付フォーマット付きのファイルが保存されているので、そのファイルwiresharkで開くとパケットが閲覧できます。

補足

  • MacOSX El Capitan でパケットキャプチャし、自動的にファイルに保存する:tcpdump編

    • 上記のリンク先の資料では、tcpdumpコマンドがroot権限を必須のためsudoコマンドにてtcpdumpを実行する必要がある。
    • そのため記録されるパケットファイルのOwnerがroot権限になり、一般ユーザーが該当のパケットファイルを閲覧するには、chownコマンドを利用して一般ユーザー権限にOwnerを書き換える必要があった。
    • しかしながらwireshark(tsharkコマンド)を利用すると一般ユーザーでもパケットキャプチャが実行できる。パケットファイルのOwnerも実行したユーザー権限のままである。安全性に疑問を感じるが、適切に管理されているコンピュータであれば、特に問題がないと考える。デベロッパーの利便性を考えた際、tcpdumpよりもwireshak(tshark)の利用を推奨する。
  • コマンドラインオプション

$ tshark --help
TShark (Wireshark) 2.0.0 (v2.0.0-0-g9a73b82 from master-2.0)
Dump and analyze network traffic.
See https://www.wireshark.org for more information.

Usage: tshark [options] ...

Capture interface:
  -i <interface>           name or idx of interface (def: first non-loopback)
  -f <capture filter>      packet filter in libpcap filter syntax
  -s <snaplen>             packet snapshot length (def: 65535)
  -p                       don't capture in promiscuous mode
  -I                       capture in monitor mode, if available
  -B <buffer size>         size of kernel buffer (def: 2MB)
  -y <link type>           link layer type (def: first appropriate)
  -D                       print list of interfaces and exit
  -L                       print list of link-layer types of iface and exit

Capture stop conditions:
  -c <packet count>        stop after n packets (def: infinite)
  -a <autostop cond.> ...  duration:NUM - stop after NUM seconds
                           filesize:NUM - stop this file after NUM KB
                              files:NUM - stop after NUM files
Capture output:
  -b <ringbuffer opt.> ... duration:NUM - switch to next file after NUM secs
                           filesize:NUM - switch to next file after NUM KB
                              files:NUM - ringbuffer: replace after NUM files
Input file:
  -r <infile>              set the filename to read from (- to read from stdin)

Processing:
  -2                       perform a two-pass analysis
  -R <read filter>         packet Read filter in Wireshark display filter syntax
  -Y <display filter>      packet displaY filter in Wireshark display filter
                           syntax
  -n                       disable all name resolutions (def: all enabled)
  -N <name resolve flags>  enable specific name resolution(s): "mnNtCd"
  -d <layer_type>==<selector>,<decode_as_protocol> ...
                           "Decode As", see the man page for details
                           Example: tcp.port==8888,http
  -H <hosts file>          read a list of entries from a hosts file, which will
                           then be written to a capture file. (Implies -W n)
  --disable-protocol <proto_name>
                           disable dissection of proto_name
  --enable-heuristic <short_name>
                           enable dissection of heuristic protocol
  --disable-heuristic <short_name>
                           disable dissection of heuristic protocol
Output:
  -w <outfile|->           write packets to a pcap-format file named "outfile"
                           (or to the standard output for "-")
  -C <config profile>      start with specified configuration profile
  -F <output file type>    set the output file type, default is pcapng
                           an empty "-F" option will list the file types
  -V                       add output of packet tree        (Packet Details)
  -O <protocols>           Only show packet details of these protocols, comma
                           separated
  -P                       print packet summary even when writing to a file
  -S <separator>           the line separator to print between packets
  -x                       add output of hex and ASCII dump (Packet Bytes)
  -T pdml|ps|psml|text|fields
                           format of text output (def: text)
  -e <field>               field to print if -Tfields selected (e.g. tcp.port,
                           _ws.col.Info)
                           this option can be repeated to print multiple fields
  -E<fieldsoption>=<value> set options for output when -Tfields selected:
     header=y|n            switch headers on and off
     separator=/t|/s|<char> select tab, space, printable character as separator
     occurrence=f|l|a      print first, last or all occurrences of each field
     aggregator=,|/s|<char> select comma, space, printable character as
                           aggregator
     quote=d|s|n           select double, single, no quotes for values
  -t a|ad|d|dd|e|r|u|ud    output format of time stamps (def: r: rel. to first)
  -u s|hms                 output format of seconds (def: s: seconds)
  -l                       flush standard output after each packet
  -q                       be more quiet on stdout (e.g. when using statistics)
  -Q                       only log true errors to stderr (quieter than -q)
  -g                       enable group read access on the output file(s)
  -W n                     Save extra information in the file, if supported.
                           n = write network address resolution information
  -X <key>:<value>         eXtension options, see the man page for details
  -z <statistics>          various statistics, see the man page for details
  --capture-comment <comment>
                           add a capture comment to the newly created
                           output file (only for pcapng)

Miscellaneous:
  -h                       display this help and exit
  -v                       display version info and exit
  -o <name>:<value> ...    override preference setting
  -K <keytab>              keytab file to use for kerberos decryption
  -G [report]              dump one of several available reports and exit
                           default report="fields"
                           use "-G ?" for more help
$

情報源

man tshark

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