どっかでSSDに切り替えようと思っているので、microSDでの起動時のベンチマークをとっておこうということで２つの方法を実施してみました。
使用したmicroSDは、KIOXAの128GBです。
fioコマンド
fioコマンドを使ってベンチマークを計測します。
インストール
sudo apt install -y fio
実行結果
fio is already the newest version (3.39-1).
fio set to manually installed.
Summary:
Upgrading: 0, Installing: 0, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 0
設定
ベンチマークの設定は、以下に設定します。
vi ~/.config/fio.config
fio.config
[global]
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=1
size=1g
direct=1
runtime=60
directory=/home/nomura/tmp
stonewall
[Seq-Read]
bs=1m
rw=read
[Seq-Write]
bs=1m
rw=write
[Rand-Read-512K]
bs=512k
rw=randread
[Rand-Write-512K]
bs=512k
rw=randwrite
[Rand-Read-4K]
bs=4k
rw=randread
[Rand-Write-4K]
bs=4k
rw=randwrite
[Rand-Read-4K-QDS32]
iodepth=32
bs=4k
rw=randread
[Rand-Write-4K-QDS32]
iodepth=32
bs=4k
rw=randwrite
設定ファイルの解説
- [global] セクション
- 全テスト項目に共通する基本ルール
- ioengine=libaio
- Linux標準の非同期IOエンジン
- SSDなどの高速ストレージ向け
- iodepth=1
- 一度に発行するIOリクエストの数
- 1は「1つ終わったら次」という直列処理
- size=1g
- 測定に使用するファイルのサイズ
- SDカードの寿命を考慮すると1GB程度が妥当
- direct=1
- OSのキャッシュを通さず、直接デバイスにアクセス
- 純粋なハード性能を測るために必須
- runtime=60
- 1項目あたりの最大測定時間（秒）
- directory=...
- 測定用ファイルを生成する場所
- stonewall
- 各テスト項目の間に「壁」を作り、前のテストが終わってから次を始める設定
- ioengine=libaio
- 全テスト項目に共通する基本ルール
- 各テストセクション（Job）
- データの読み書きパターンを定義
- bs (Block Size): データの塊のサイズ
- 1m (シーケンシャル): 動画保存などの大きなデータ転送速度
- 4k (ランダム): OSの起動やアプリの動作、ログ記録などの細かなアクセス性能
- rw (Read/Write): 読み書きの種類
- read / write: 連続した領域への読み書き
- randread / randwrite: バラバラな位置への読み書き
- iodepth=32 (QD32):
- 「Queue Depth 32」を意味し、32個のリクエストを並列で送信
- SSDのコントローラー性能の限界を測る際に使用
- SDカードではあまり伸びない
- bs (Block Size): データの塊のサイズ
- データの読み書きパターンを定義
最初directoryに/tmpを指定したのですが、
一点だけ注意点として、directory=/tmp を指定していますが、ラズパイ（Raspberry Pi OS）のデフォルト設定では /tmp がRAMディスク（メモリ上）に割り当てられている場合があります。その場合、ストレージではなくメモリの速度を測ってしまうため、測定したいデバイスがマウントされているディレクトリ（例: /home/pi や外付けSSDのパス）に変更することをお勧めします。
と、Geminiに言われたので調べてみたところ
df -h /tmp
実行結果
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 8.0G 16K 8.0G 1% /tmp
RAMディスクっぽかったので、自分のホームディレクトリのしたtmpディレクトリを作って、そこを指定しています。
SDカードの測定
lsblk
実行結果
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 2G 0 loop
mmcblk0 179:0 0 115.3G 0 disk
tqmmcblk0p1 179:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/firmware
mqmmcblk0p2 179:2 0 114.8G 0 part /
zram0 254:0 0 2G 0 disk [SWAP]
fioコマンドを実行
fio -f ~/.config/fio.config
fio 測定結果まとめ
| テスト項目 (Job Name) | 項目 | 内容読み込み (Read) | 書き込み (Write) | IOPS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seq-Read / Write | 1MB 連続アクセス | 95.2 MB/s | 32.8 MB/s | 90 / 31 |
| Rand-512K | 512KB ランダム | 93.3 MB/s | 31.1 MB/s | 177 / 59 |
| Rand-4K | 4KB ランダム (QD1) | 19.4 MB/s | 3.2 MB/s | 4,744 / 801 |
| Rand-4K-QD32 | 4KB ランダム (QD32) | 19.4 MB/s | 3.3 MB/s | 4,740 / 825 |
上記の表はGeminiまとめです
Geminiの結果の分析と評価
-
シーケンシャル性能（Seq）
読み込み 95.2 MB/s は、ラズパイのmicroSDカードスロットにおける実質的な上限値に近い、非常に優秀なスコアです。書き込みの 32.8 MB/s も、V30クラスのカードであれば妥当で高速な数値です。 -
ランダム性能（Rand-4K）
ここがこのカードの凄いところです。
Read IOPS 4,744 / Write IOPS 801
これは SDカードの「A2」規格（Read 4000 / Write 2000 IOPS以上）をRead側で見事にクリアしています。
一般的な安いSDカードだと、4K Readは 5〜10MB/s 程度に落ち込むことが多いですが、約20MB/s 出ているため、OSの起動やアプリのレスポンスが非常に快適なはずです。
- QD32（並列アクセス）の影響
QD1とQD32で速度がほぼ変わりません。
これはSDカードの特性上、デバイス側が並列処理（Queueing）をサポートしていないためです。SSDであればQD32にすると数値が跳ね上がりますが、SDカードではこの結果が正常です。
- ディスク負荷（util）
util=97.32% となっており、測定中はほぼSDカードの限界まで使い切っています。エラー（err=0）も出ていないため、非常に安定した状態で測定できています。
この結果を見る限り、現在お使いのストレージはラズパイで使うには最高峰のSDカードだと言えます。
実行結果
実行結果
Seq-Read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
Seq-Write: (g=1): rw=write, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
Rand-Read-512K: (g=2): rw=randread, bs=(R) 512KiB-512KiB, (W) 512KiB-512KiB, (T) 512KiB-512KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
Rand-Write-512K: (g=3): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 512KiB-512KiB, (W) 512KiB-512KiB, (T) 512KiB-512KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
Rand-Read-4K: (g=4): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
Rand-Write-4K: (g=5): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
Rand-Read-4K-QDS32: (g=6): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=32
Rand-Write-4K-QDS32: (g=7): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=32
fio-3.39
Starting 8 processes
Seq-Read: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Seq-Write: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Rand-Read-512K: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Rand-Write-512K: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Rand-Read-4K: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Rand-Write-4K: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Rand-Read-4K-QDS32: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Rand-Write-4K-QDS32: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
3;fio-3.39;Seq-Read;0;0;1048576;92950;90;11281;39;5676;60.018729;180.578441;10939;11687;10954.954529;24.439727;1.000000%=10944;5.000000%=10944;10.000000%=10944;20.000000%=10944;30.000000%=10944;40.000000%=10944;50.000000%=10944;60.000000%=10944;70.000000%=10944;80.000000%=10944;90.000000%=10944;95.000000%=10944;99.000000%=10944;99.500000%=11075;99.900000%=11075;99.950000%=11730;99.990000%=11730;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;10987;16617;11014.973259;182.720832;91648;94396;100.000000%;92991.454545;1061.022899;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;0.035461%;0.496454%;1028;0;71;100.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;100.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Seq-Write;1;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;1048576;32076;31;32690;60;4080;128.868351;286.703949;26119;55092;31791.629944;2261.443666;1.000000%=28180;5.000000%=29229;10.000000%=29753;20.000000%=30277;30.000000%=30539;40.000000%=31064;50.000000%=31588;60.000000%=32112;70.000000%=32636;80.000000%=33161;90.000000%=33816;95.000000%=34340;99.000000%=38010;99.500000%=46399;99.900000%=53739;99.950000%=55312;99.990000%=55312;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;26222;55198;31920.498295;2282.164416;28672;36864;99.954771%;32061.492308;1416.620043;0.061183%;0.287559%;1052;0;8;100.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;99.61%;0.39%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Rand-Read-512K;2;0;1048576;91132;177;11506;20;3539;39.395884;141.026572;5493;8558;5577.303474;94.024587;1.000000%=5537;5.000000%=5537;10.000000%=5537;20.000000%=5537;30.000000%=5537;40.000000%=5603;50.000000%=5603;60.000000%=5603;70.000000%=5603;80.000000%=5603;90.000000%=5603;95.000000%=5603;99.000000%=5603;99.500000%=5603;99.900000%=6258;99.950000%=8224;99.990000%=8585;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;5547;9126;5616.699358;169.940578;84992;92160;99.663985%;90825.782609;1389.952450;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;0.034767%;0.634507%;2079;0;40;100.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;100.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Rand-Write-512K;3;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;1048576;30390;59;34503;36;17052;84.849064;421.321931;2;38593;16759.815669;1921.121046;1.000000%=13959;5.000000%=14483;10.000000%=14745;20.000000%=15138;30.000000%=16187;40.000000%=16449;50.000000%=16711;60.000000%=16908;70.000000%=17170;80.000000%=17694;90.000000%=18743;95.000000%=19005;99.000000%=21364;99.500000%=27131;99.900000%=37486;99.950000%=38535;99.990000%=38535;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;12760;38644;16844.664733;1897.670165;26624;34816;100.000000%;30399.500000;1590.305767;0.078256%;0.353603%;2080;0;7;100.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.05%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;98.29%;1.66%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Rand-Read-4K;4;0;1048576;18978;4744;55250;7;6897;9.419434;18.725596;123;15378;200.345534;43.855676;1.000000%=138;5.000000%=140;10.000000%=144;20.000000%=160;30.000000%=203;40.000000%=203;50.000000%=205;60.000000%=216;70.000000%=220;80.000000%=222;90.000000%=234;95.000000%=236;99.000000%=250;99.500000%=250;99.900000%=252;99.950000%=296;99.990000%=325;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;132;15387;209.764969;47.686776;18288;22360;99.989893%;18976.081818;356.265367;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;0.914044%;5.991059%;262253;0;9;100.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;98.45%;1.55%;0.01%;0.01%;0.01%;0.01%;0.00%;0.01%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Rand-Write-4K;5;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;192312;3205;801;60001;14;48931;26.346986;453.974756;3;56319;1220.228882;923.793866;1.000000%=1056;5.000000%=1056;10.000000%=1073;20.000000%=1122;30.000000%=1122;40.000000%=1138;50.000000%=1138;60.000000%=1187;70.000000%=1220;80.000000%=1253;90.000000%=1269;95.000000%=1318;99.000000%=1417;99.500000%=1548;99.900000%=21102;99.950000%=21889;99.990000%=25296;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;1057;57799;1246.575868;1054.146078;2480;3438;99.822673%;3199.316667;153.594521;0.233333%;1.876667%;48171;0;8;100.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.01%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;99.69%;0.03%;0.01%;0.13%;0.13%;0.01%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Rand-Read-4K-QDS32;6;0;1048576;18963;4740;55294;2;20960;7.124336;45.256658;146;165532;6741.077397;4818.503319;1.000000%=634;5.000000%=1089;10.000000%=1695;20.000000%=2834;30.000000%=4014;40.000000%=5144;50.000000%=6258;60.000000%=7438;70.000000%=8585;80.000000%=9895;90.000000%=11337;95.000000%=12517;99.000000%=24510;99.500000%=30539;99.900000%=44302;99.950000%=53215;99.990000%=110624;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;297;165537;6748.201733;4818.951126;13042;21992;99.886430%;18941.463636;727.026225;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;0.989275%;3.872100%;261481;0;15;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;100.0%;0.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.01%;0.03%;1.95%;2.04%;8.69%;17.09%;51.14%;17.46%;1.54%;0.05%;0.01%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
3;fio-3.39;Rand-Write-4K-QDS32;7;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;1.000000%=0;5.000000%=0;10.000000%=0;20.000000%=0;30.000000%=0;40.000000%=0;50.000000%=0;60.000000%=0;70.000000%=0;80.000000%=0;90.000000%=0;95.000000%=0;99.000000%=0;99.500000%=0;99.900000%=0;99.950000%=0;99.990000%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;0;0;0.000000;0.000000;0;0;0.000000%;0.000000;0.000000;198044;3300;825;60002;9;105799;911.101800;1175.075116;1135;324201;37854.800036;15322.296481;1.000000%=5734;5.000000%=16187;10.000000%=29229;20.000000%=34865;30.000000%=35389;40.000000%=35389;50.000000%=35913;60.000000%=35913;70.000000%=36438;80.000000%=37486;90.000000%=51642;95.000000%=59506;99.000000%=93847;99.500000%=126353;99.900000%=193986;99.950000%=212860;99.990000%=274726;0%=0;0%=0;0%=0;2432;324214;38765.901836;15334.095652;2504;3600;100.000000%;3300.733333;165.409384;0.249996%;2.271629%;113965;0;7;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;99.9%;0.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.01%;0.41%;2.20%;3.84%;82.83%;9.89%;0.80%;0.02%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;mmcblk0;526548;101087;814;6833;1824624;713572;2538196;97.32%
Seq-Read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2143: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
read: IOPS=90, BW=90.8MiB/s (95.2MB/s)(1024MiB/11281msec)
slat (usec): min=39, max=5676, avg=60.02, stdev=180.58
clat (usec): min=10939, max=11687, avg=10954.95, stdev=24.44
lat (usec): min=10987, max=16617, avg=11014.97, stdev=182.72
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[10945], 5.00th=[10945], 10.00th=[10945], 20.00th=[10945],
| 30.00th=[10945], 40.00th=[10945], 50.00th=[10945], 60.00th=[10945],
| 70.00th=[10945], 80.00th=[10945], 90.00th=[10945], 95.00th=[10945],
| 99.00th=[10945], 99.50th=[11076], 99.90th=[11076], 99.95th=[11731],
| 99.99th=[11731]
bw ( KiB/s): min=91648, max=94396, per=100.00%, avg=92991.45, stdev=1061.02, samples=22
iops : min= 89, max= 92, avg=90.77, stdev= 1.07, samples=22
lat (msec) : 20=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.04%, sys=0.50%, ctx=1028, majf=0, minf=71
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1024,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Seq-Write: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2144: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
write: IOPS=31, BW=31.3MiB/s (32.8MB/s)(1024MiB/32690msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=60, max=4080, avg=128.87, stdev=286.70
clat (usec): min=26119, max=55092, avg=31791.63, stdev=2261.44
lat (usec): min=26222, max=55198, avg=31920.50, stdev=2282.16
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[28181], 5.00th=[29230], 10.00th=[29754], 20.00th=[30278],
| 30.00th=[30540], 40.00th=[31065], 50.00th=[31589], 60.00th=[32113],
| 70.00th=[32637], 80.00th=[33162], 90.00th=[33817], 95.00th=[34341],
| 99.00th=[38011], 99.50th=[46400], 99.90th=[53740], 99.95th=[55313],
| 99.99th=[55313]
bw ( KiB/s): min=28672, max=36864, per=99.95%, avg=32061.49, stdev=1416.62, samples=65
iops : min= 28, max= 36, avg=31.29, stdev= 1.39, samples=65
lat (msec) : 50=99.61%, 100=0.39%
cpu : usr=0.06%, sys=0.29%, ctx=1052, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,1024,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Rand-Read-512K: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2146: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
read: IOPS=177, BW=89.0MiB/s (93.3MB/s)(1024MiB/11506msec)
slat (usec): min=20, max=3539, avg=39.40, stdev=141.03
clat (usec): min=5493, max=8558, avg=5577.30, stdev=94.02
lat (usec): min=5547, max=9126, avg=5616.70, stdev=169.94
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 5538], 5.00th=[ 5538], 10.00th=[ 5538], 20.00th=[ 5538],
| 30.00th=[ 5538], 40.00th=[ 5604], 50.00th=[ 5604], 60.00th=[ 5604],
| 70.00th=[ 5604], 80.00th=[ 5604], 90.00th=[ 5604], 95.00th=[ 5604],
| 99.00th=[ 5604], 99.50th=[ 5604], 99.90th=[ 6259], 99.95th=[ 8225],
| 99.99th=[ 8586]
bw ( KiB/s): min=84992, max=92160, per=99.66%, avg=90825.78, stdev=1389.95, samples=23
iops : min= 166, max= 180, avg=177.35, stdev= 2.72, samples=23
lat (msec) : 10=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.03%, sys=0.63%, ctx=2079, majf=0, minf=40
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=2048,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Rand-Write-512K: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2147: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
write: IOPS=59, BW=29.7MiB/s (31.1MB/s)(1024MiB/34503msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=36, max=17052, avg=84.85, stdev=421.32
clat (usec): min=2, max=38593, avg=16759.82, stdev=1921.12
lat (usec): min=12760, max=38644, avg=16844.66, stdev=1897.67
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[13960], 5.00th=[14484], 10.00th=[14746], 20.00th=[15139],
| 30.00th=[16188], 40.00th=[16450], 50.00th=[16712], 60.00th=[16909],
| 70.00th=[17171], 80.00th=[17695], 90.00th=[18744], 95.00th=[19006],
| 99.00th=[21365], 99.50th=[27132], 99.90th=[37487], 99.95th=[38536],
| 99.99th=[38536]
bw ( KiB/s): min=26624, max=34816, per=100.00%, avg=30399.50, stdev=1590.31, samples=68
iops : min= 52, max= 68, avg=59.35, stdev= 3.10, samples=68
lat (usec) : 4=0.05%
lat (msec) : 20=98.29%, 50=1.66%
cpu : usr=0.08%, sys=0.35%, ctx=2080, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,2048,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Rand-Read-4K: (groupid=4, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2149: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
read: IOPS=4744, BW=18.5MiB/s (19.4MB/s)(1024MiB/55250msec)
slat (usec): min=7, max=6897, avg= 9.42, stdev=18.73
clat (usec): min=123, max=15378, avg=200.35, stdev=43.86
lat (usec): min=132, max=15387, avg=209.76, stdev=47.69
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 139], 5.00th=[ 141], 10.00th=[ 145], 20.00th=[ 161],
| 30.00th=[ 204], 40.00th=[ 204], 50.00th=[ 206], 60.00th=[ 217],
| 70.00th=[ 221], 80.00th=[ 223], 90.00th=[ 235], 95.00th=[ 237],
| 99.00th=[ 251], 99.50th=[ 251], 99.90th=[ 253], 99.95th=[ 297],
| 99.99th=[ 326]
bw ( KiB/s): min=18288, max=22360, per=99.99%, avg=18976.08, stdev=356.27, samples=110
iops : min= 4572, max= 5590, avg=4743.97, stdev=89.06, samples=110
lat (usec) : 250=98.45%, 500=1.55%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 20=0.01%
cpu : usr=0.91%, sys=5.99%, ctx=262253, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Rand-Write-4K: (groupid=5, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2155: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
write: IOPS=801, BW=3205KiB/s (3282kB/s)(188MiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=14, max=48931, avg=26.35, stdev=453.97
clat (usec): min=3, max=56319, avg=1220.23, stdev=923.79
lat (usec): min=1057, max=57799, avg=1246.58, stdev=1054.15
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 1057], 5.00th=[ 1057], 10.00th=[ 1074], 20.00th=[ 1123],
| 30.00th=[ 1123], 40.00th=[ 1139], 50.00th=[ 1139], 60.00th=[ 1188],
| 70.00th=[ 1221], 80.00th=[ 1254], 90.00th=[ 1270], 95.00th=[ 1319],
| 99.00th=[ 1418], 99.50th=[ 1549], 99.90th=[21103], 99.95th=[21890],
| 99.99th=[25297]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2480, max= 3438, per=99.81%, avg=3199.32, stdev=153.59, samples=120
iops : min= 620, max= 859, avg=799.74, stdev=38.38, samples=120
lat (usec) : 4=0.01%
lat (msec) : 2=99.69%, 4=0.03%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.13%, 50=0.13%
lat (msec) : 100=0.01%
cpu : usr=0.23%, sys=1.88%, ctx=48171, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,48078,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Rand-Read-4K-QDS32: (groupid=6, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2157: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
read: IOPS=4740, BW=18.5MiB/s (19.4MB/s)(1024MiB/55294msec)
slat (usec): min=2, max=20960, avg= 7.12, stdev=45.26
clat (usec): min=146, max=165532, avg=6741.08, stdev=4818.50
lat (usec): min=297, max=165537, avg=6748.20, stdev=4818.95
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 635], 5.00th=[ 1090], 10.00th=[ 1696], 20.00th=[ 2835],
| 30.00th=[ 4015], 40.00th=[ 5145], 50.00th=[ 6259], 60.00th=[ 7439],
| 70.00th=[ 8586], 80.00th=[ 9896], 90.00th=[ 11338], 95.00th=[ 12518],
| 99.00th=[ 24511], 99.50th=[ 30540], 99.90th=[ 44303], 99.95th=[ 53216],
| 99.99th=[110625]
bw ( KiB/s): min=13042, max=21992, per=99.88%, avg=18941.46, stdev=727.03, samples=110
iops : min= 3260, max= 5498, avg=4735.30, stdev=181.80, samples=110
lat (usec) : 250=0.01%, 500=0.03%, 750=1.95%, 1000=2.04%
lat (msec) : 2=8.69%, 4=17.09%, 10=51.14%, 20=17.46%, 50=1.54%
lat (msec) : 100=0.05%, 250=0.01%
cpu : usr=0.99%, sys=3.87%, ctx=261481, majf=0, minf=15
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=100.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32
Rand-Write-4K-QDS32: (groupid=7, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2160: Sun Jan 25 06:50:41 2026
write: IOPS=825, BW=3301KiB/s (3380kB/s)(193MiB/60002msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=9, max=105799, avg=911.10, stdev=1175.08
clat (usec): min=1135, max=324201, avg=37854.80, stdev=15322.30
lat (msec): min=2, max=324, avg=38.77, stdev=15.33
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 6], 5.00th=[ 17], 10.00th=[ 30], 20.00th=[ 35],
| 30.00th=[ 36], 40.00th=[ 36], 50.00th=[ 36], 60.00th=[ 36],
| 70.00th=[ 37], 80.00th=[ 38], 90.00th=[ 52], 95.00th=[ 60],
| 99.00th=[ 94], 99.50th=[ 127], 99.90th=[ 194], 99.95th=[ 213],
| 99.99th=[ 275]
bw ( KiB/s): min= 2504, max= 3600, per=99.98%, avg=3300.73, stdev=165.41, samples=120
iops : min= 626, max= 900, avg=825.18, stdev=41.35, samples=120
lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=0.41%, 10=2.20%, 20=3.84%, 50=82.83%
lat (msec) : 100=9.89%, 250=0.80%, 500=0.02%
cpu : usr=0.25%, sys=2.27%, ctx=113965, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=99.9%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,49511,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=90.8MiB/s (95.2MB/s), 90.8MiB/s-90.8MiB/s (95.2MB/s-95.2MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=11281-11281msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=31.3MiB/s (32.8MB/s), 31.3MiB/s-31.3MiB/s (32.8MB/s-32.8MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=32690-32690msec
Run status group 2 (all jobs):
READ: bw=89.0MiB/s (93.3MB/s), 89.0MiB/s-89.0MiB/s (93.3MB/s-93.3MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=11506-11506msec
Run status group 3 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=29.7MiB/s (31.1MB/s), 29.7MiB/s-29.7MiB/s (31.1MB/s-31.1MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=34503-34503msec
Run status group 4 (all jobs):
READ: bw=18.5MiB/s (19.4MB/s), 18.5MiB/s-18.5MiB/s (19.4MB/s-19.4MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=55250-55250msec
Run status group 5 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=3205KiB/s (3282kB/s), 3205KiB/s-3205KiB/s (3282kB/s-3282kB/s), io=188MiB (197MB), run=60001-60001msec
Run status group 6 (all jobs):
READ: bw=18.5MiB/s (19.4MB/s), 18.5MiB/s-18.5MiB/s (19.4MB/s-19.4MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=55294-55294msec
Run status group 7 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=3301KiB/s (3380kB/s), 3301KiB/s-3301KiB/s (3380kB/s-3380kB/s), io=193MiB (203MB), run=60002-60002msec
Disk stats (read/write):
mmcblk0: ios=526548/101087, sectors=8388624/5033280, merge=814/6833, ticks=1824624/713572, in_queue=2538196, util=97.32%
Pi Benchmarks
Pi Benchmarksというサイトのベンチマークも実行してみました。
ベンチマーク実行
sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheRemote/PiBenchmarks/master/Storage.sh | sudo bash
| Category | Test | Result |
|---|---|---|
| HDParm | Disk Read | 90.98 MB/sec |
| HDParm | Cached Disk Read | 90.93 MB/sec |
| DD | Disk Write | 32.7 MB/s |
| FIO | 4k random read | 6301 IOPS (25206 KB/s) |
| FIO | 4k random write | 819 IOPS (3278 KB/s) |
| IOZone | 4k read | 29722 KB/s |
| IOZone | 4k write | 3267 KB/s |
| IOZone | 4k random read | 29654 KB/s |
| IOZone | 4k random write | 3259 KB/s |
Score: 2510
実行結果
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 36197 100 36197 0 0 143k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 143k
Trimming and syncing drives ...
/boot/firmware: 430.8 MiB (451743744 bytes) trimmed on /dev/mmcblk0p1
/: 95.6 GiB (102680555520 bytes) trimmed on /dev/mmcblk0p2
Board information: Manufacturer: Raspberry Pi Foundation - Model: Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1 - Architecture: aarch64 - OS: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Fetching required components ...
Install lshw
Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease
Hit:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie-updates InRelease
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security InRelease [43.4 kB]
Hit:4 http://archive.raspberrypi.com/debian trixie InRelease
Hit:5 https://apt.grafana.com stable InRelease
Fetched 43.4 kB in 3s (17.3 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
pciutils is already the newest version (1:3.13.0-2).
usbutils is already the newest version (1:018-2).
bc is already the newest version (1.07.1-4+b1).
bc set to manually installed.
curl is already the newest version (8.14.1-2+deb13u2).
dmidecode is already the newest version (3.6-2).
fio is already the newest version (3.39-1).
The following additional packages will be installed:
libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libfile-listing-perl libhd21t64 libhtml-parser-perl
libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl
libhttp-negotiate-perl libio-html-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl
liblwp-protocol-https-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libtimedate-perl libtry-tiny-perl
liburi-perl libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libxml-parser-perl perl-openssl-defaults uuid-runtime
Suggested packages:
libdata-dump-perl libcrypt-ssleay-perl libsub-name-perl libbusiness-isbn-perl libmime-base32-perl
libregexp-ipv6-perl libauthen-ntlm-perl debhelper gsmartcontrol smart-notifier mailx | mailutils
Recommended packages:
powermgmt-base libhtml-format-perl libio-compress-brotli-perl libdata-dump-perl libhtml-form-perl
libhttp-daemon-perl libmailtools-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
hdparm hwinfo libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libfile-listing-perl libhd21t64 libhtml-parser-perl
libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl
libhttp-negotiate-perl libio-html-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl
liblwp-protocol-https-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libtimedate-perl libtry-tiny-perl
liburi-perl libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libxml-dumper-perl libxml-parser-perl lshw lsscsi nvme-cli
perl-openssl-defaults sdparm smartmontools uuid-runtime xxd
0 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4529 kB of archives.
After this operation, 15.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 uuid-runtime arm64 2.41-5 [62.7 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 hdparm arm64 9.65+ds-1.1+b1 [101 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhd21t64 arm64 21.82-1.1+b2 [700 kB]
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 hwinfo arm64 21.82-1.1+b2 [28.3 kB]
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libclone-perl arm64 0.47-1+b1 [13.7 kB]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libencode-locale-perl all 1.05-3 [12.9 kB]
Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libtimedate-perl all 2.3300-2 [39.3 kB]
Get:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhttp-date-perl all 6.06-1 [10.7 kB]
Get:9 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libfile-listing-perl all 6.16-1 [12.4 kB]
Get:10 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhtml-tagset-perl all 3.24-1 [14.7 kB]
Get:11 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 liburi-perl all 5.30-1 [105 kB]
Get:12 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhtml-parser-perl arm64 3.83-1+b2 [97.5 kB]
Get:13 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhtml-tree-perl all 5.07-3 [211 kB]
Get:14 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libio-html-perl all 1.004-3 [16.2 kB]
Get:15 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 liblwp-mediatypes-perl all 6.04-2 [20.2 kB]
Get:16 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhttp-message-perl all 7.00-2 [79.8 kB]
Get:17 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhttp-cookies-perl all 6.11-1 [19.1 kB]
Get:18 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libhttp-negotiate-perl all 6.01-2 [13.1 kB]
Get:19 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 perl-openssl-defaults arm64 7+b2 [6712 B]
Get:20 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libnet-ssleay-perl arm64 1.94-3 [323 kB]
Get:21 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libio-socket-ssl-perl all 2.089-1 [223 kB]
Get:22 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libnet-http-perl all 6.23-1 [23.9 kB]
Get:23 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libtry-tiny-perl all 0.32-1 [22.9 kB]
Get:24 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libwww-robotrules-perl all 6.02-1 [12.9 kB]
Get:25 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libwww-perl all 6.78-1 [183 kB]
Get:26 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 liblwp-protocol-https-perl all 6.14-1 [10.8 kB]
Get:27 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libxml-parser-perl arm64 2.47-1+b3 [197 kB]
Get:28 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 libxml-dumper-perl all 0.81-1.5 [20.2 kB]
Get:29 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 lshw arm64 02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2.1 [256 kB]
Get:30 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 lsscsi arm64 0.32-2 [48.1 kB]
Get:31 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 nvme-cli arm64 2.13-2 [784 kB]
Get:32 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 sdparm arm64 1.12-2+b1 [156 kB]
Get:33 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 smartmontools arm64 7.4-3 [605 kB]
Get:34 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main arm64 xxd arm64 2:9.1.1230-2 [98.4 kB]
Fetched 4529 kB in 1s (3695 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Selecting previously unselected package uuid-runtime.
(Reading database ... 157763 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-uuid-runtime_2.41-5_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking uuid-runtime (2.41-5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package hdparm.
Preparing to unpack .../01-hdparm_9.65+ds-1.1+b1_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking hdparm (9.65+ds-1.1+b1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhd21t64:arm64.
Preparing to unpack .../02-libhd21t64_21.82-1.1+b2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libhd21t64:arm64 (21.82-1.1+b2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package hwinfo.
Preparing to unpack .../03-hwinfo_21.82-1.1+b2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking hwinfo (21.82-1.1+b2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libclone-perl:arm64.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libclone-perl_0.47-1+b1_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libclone-perl:arm64 (0.47-1+b1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libencode-locale-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libencode-locale-perl_1.05-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking libencode-locale-perl (1.05-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libtimedate-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../06-libtimedate-perl_2.3300-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libtimedate-perl (2.3300-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhttp-date-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libhttp-date-perl_6.06-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhttp-date-perl (6.06-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libfile-listing-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libfile-listing-perl_6.16-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libfile-listing-perl (6.16-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-tagset-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../09-libhtml-tagset-perl_3.24-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-tagset-perl (3.24-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package liburi-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../10-liburi-perl_5.30-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking liburi-perl (5.30-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-parser-perl:arm64.
Preparing to unpack .../11-libhtml-parser-perl_3.83-1+b2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-parser-perl:arm64 (3.83-1+b2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-tree-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../12-libhtml-tree-perl_5.07-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-tree-perl (5.07-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libio-html-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../13-libio-html-perl_1.004-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking libio-html-perl (1.004-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package liblwp-mediatypes-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../14-liblwp-mediatypes-perl_6.04-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking liblwp-mediatypes-perl (6.04-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhttp-message-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../15-libhttp-message-perl_7.00-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhttp-message-perl (7.00-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhttp-cookies-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../16-libhttp-cookies-perl_6.11-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhttp-cookies-perl (6.11-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhttp-negotiate-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../17-libhttp-negotiate-perl_6.01-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhttp-negotiate-perl (6.01-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package perl-openssl-defaults:arm64.
Preparing to unpack .../18-perl-openssl-defaults_7+b2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking perl-openssl-defaults:arm64 (7+b2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnet-ssleay-perl:arm64.
Preparing to unpack .../19-libnet-ssleay-perl_1.94-3_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libnet-ssleay-perl:arm64 (1.94-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libio-socket-ssl-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../20-libio-socket-ssl-perl_2.089-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libio-socket-ssl-perl (2.089-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnet-http-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../21-libnet-http-perl_6.23-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libnet-http-perl (6.23-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libtry-tiny-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../22-libtry-tiny-perl_0.32-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libtry-tiny-perl (0.32-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libwww-robotrules-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../23-libwww-robotrules-perl_6.02-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libwww-robotrules-perl (6.02-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libwww-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../24-libwww-perl_6.78-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libwww-perl (6.78-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package liblwp-protocol-https-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../25-liblwp-protocol-https-perl_6.14-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking liblwp-protocol-https-perl (6.14-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxml-parser-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../26-libxml-parser-perl_2.47-1+b3_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libxml-parser-perl (2.47-1+b3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxml-dumper-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../27-libxml-dumper-perl_0.81-1.5_all.deb ...
Unpacking libxml-dumper-perl (0.81-1.5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package lshw.
Preparing to unpack .../28-lshw_02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2.1_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking lshw (02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package lsscsi.
Preparing to unpack .../29-lsscsi_0.32-2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking lsscsi (0.32-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nvme-cli.
Preparing to unpack .../30-nvme-cli_2.13-2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking nvme-cli (2.13-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package sdparm.
Preparing to unpack .../31-sdparm_1.12-2+b1_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking sdparm (1.12-2+b1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package smartmontools.
Preparing to unpack .../32-smartmontools_7.4-3_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking smartmontools (7.4-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xxd.
Preparing to unpack .../33-xxd_2%3a9.1.1230-2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking xxd (2:9.1.1230-2) ...
Setting up smartmontools (7.4-3) ...
/var/lib/smartmontools/drivedb/drivedb.h 7.3/5528 newly installed (NOT VERIFIED)
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/smartd.service' -> '/usr/lib/systemd/system/smartmontools.service'.
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smartmontools.service' -> '/usr/lib/systemd/system/smartmontools.service'.
Could not execute systemctl: at /usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke line 148.
Setting up libclone-perl:arm64 (0.47-1+b1) ...
Setting up libhtml-tagset-perl (3.24-1) ...
Setting up liblwp-mediatypes-perl (6.04-2) ...
Setting up libtry-tiny-perl (0.32-1) ...
Setting up perl-openssl-defaults:arm64 (7+b2) ...
Setting up libencode-locale-perl (1.05-3) ...
Setting up libhd21t64:arm64 (21.82-1.1+b2) ...
Setting up hdparm (9.65+ds-1.1+b1) ...
Setting up lshw (02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2.1) ...
Setting up xxd (2:9.1.1230-2) ...
Setting up sdparm (1.12-2+b1) ...
Setting up hwinfo (21.82-1.1+b2) ...
Setting up libio-html-perl (1.004-3) ...
Setting up lsscsi (0.32-2) ...
Setting up libtimedate-perl (2.3300-2) ...
Setting up uuid-runtime (2.41-5) ...
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/uuidd.socket' -> '/usr/lib/systemd/system/uuidd.socket'.
uuidd.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Setting up liburi-perl (5.30-1) ...
Setting up libnet-ssleay-perl:arm64 (1.94-3) ...
Setting up libhttp-date-perl (6.06-1) ...
Setting up nvme-cli (2.13-2) ...
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/nvmefc-boot-connections.service' -> '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvmefc-boot-connections.service'.
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/nvmf-autoconnect.service' -> '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvmf-autoconnect.service'.
nvmf-connect-nbft.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
nvmf-connect.target is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Setting up libfile-listing-perl (6.16-1) ...
Setting up libnet-http-perl (6.23-1) ...
Setting up libwww-robotrules-perl (6.02-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-parser-perl:arm64 (3.83-1+b2) ...
Setting up libio-socket-ssl-perl (2.089-1) ...
Setting up libhttp-message-perl (7.00-2) ...
Setting up libhttp-negotiate-perl (6.01-2) ...
Setting up libhttp-cookies-perl (6.11-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-tree-perl (5.07-3) ...
Setting up liblwp-protocol-https-perl (6.14-1) ...
Setting up libwww-perl (6.78-1) ...
Setting up libxml-parser-perl (2.47-1+b3) ...
Setting up libxml-dumper-perl (0.81-1.5) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.41-12+rpt1) ...
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
lshw is already the newest version (02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2.1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Install iozone3
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
iozone3
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 400 kB of archives.
After this operation, 801 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/non-free arm64 iozone3 arm64 507-2 [400 kB]
Fetched 400 kB in 0s (1315 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package iozone3.
(Reading database ... 158823 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../iozone3_507-2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking iozone3 (507-2) ...
Setting up iozone3 (507-2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) ...
Clock speeds: CPU: 2400 - Core: 910
System rootfs drive (/) has been detected as /dev/mmcblk0p2 (mmcblk0p2)
Starting INXI hardware identification...
System:
Kernel: 6.12.62+rpt-rpi-2712 arch: aarch64 bits: 64 compiler: N/A Console: pty pts/1
Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Machine:
Type: ARM System: Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1 details: N/A rev: e04171 serial: <filter>
CPU:
Info: quad core model: N/A variant: cortex-a76 bits: 64 type: MCP arch: ARMv8 rev: 1 cache:
L1: 512 KiB L2: 2 MiB L3: 2 MiB
Speed (MHz): avg: 2400 min/max: 1500/2400 cores: 1: 2400 2: 2400 3: 2400 4: 2400 bogomips: 432
Features: Use -f option to see features
Graphics:
Device-1: bcm2712-hdmi0 driver: vc4_hdmi v: N/A bus-ID: N/A
Device-2: bcm2712-hdmi1 driver: vc4_hdmi v: N/A bus-ID: N/A
Display: wayland server: X.org v: 1.21.1.16 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.6 compositor: LabWC
driver: N/A tty: 80x40
API: Vulkan v: 1.4.309 drivers: N/A surfaces: N/A devices: 2
API: OpenGL Message: GL data unavailable in console, glxinfo missing.
Network:
Device-1: Raspberry Pi RP1 PCIe 2.0 South Bridge driver: rp1 v: kernel port: N/A
bus-ID: 0002:01:00.0
IF: wlan0 state: up mac: <filter>
IF-ID-1: eth0 state: down mac: <filter>
Drives:
Local Storage: total: 115.27 GiB used: 16.78 GiB (14.6%)
ID-1: /dev/mmcblk0 vendor: Swissbit model: SF128 size: 115.27 GiB type: Removable
Message: No optical or floppy data found.
Partition:
ID-1: / size: 112.88 GiB used: 16.71 GiB (14.8%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/mmcblk0p2
Info:
Processes: 215 Uptime: 58m Memory: total: 16 GiB available: 15.84 GiB used: 796.8 MiB (4.9%)
igpu: 4 MiB Init: systemd Compilers: gcc: 14.2.0 Packages: 1706 Client: Sudo v: 1.9.16p2
inxi: 3.3.31
Running additional hardware identification tests...
Additional hardware identification tests completed.
Starting MMC/SD identification...
Starting SD card identification...
Card CSD status register: MID: 2 OID: TM PNM: SF128 PRV: 0.0 MDATE: 12/2023
Card SCR status register: SD Physical Version Specification: 6
MicroSD information: Clock Speed: 200.0 - Manufacturer: Toshiba - Model: SF128 - Vendor: - Product: SD - HW Version: 0x0 - FW Version: 0x0 - Date Manufactured: 12/2023 - Class: A1 Class 10 V10 U1
Running HDParm tests ...
/dev/mmcblk0p2:
Timing O_DIRECT cached reads: 182 MB in 2.00 seconds = 90.93 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 274 MB in 3.01 seconds = 90.98 MB/sec
HDParm: 90.98 MB/sec - HDParmCached: 90.93 MB/sec
Running dd tests ...
133120+0 records in
133120+0 records out
545259520 bytes (545 MB, 520 MiB) copied, 16.6497 s, 32.7 MB/s
DD Write Speed: 32.7 MB/s
Running fio write test ...
Running fio read test ...
FIO results - 4k RandWrite: 819 IOPS (3278 KB/s) - 4k RandRead: 6301 IOPS (25206 KB/s)
Running iozone test ...
Iozone: Performance Test of File I/O
Version $Revision: 3.507 $
Compiled for 64 bit mode.
Build: linux
Run began: Sun Jan 25 07:08:33 2026
Auto Mode
Include fsync in write timing
O_DIRECT feature enabled
File size set to 81920 kB
Record Size 4 kB
Command line used: iozone -a -e -I -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 -s 80M -r 4k
Output is in kBytes/sec
Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds.
Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes.
Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes.
File stride size set to 17 * record size.
random random bkwd record stride
kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread
81920 4 3267 3285 29722 29715 29654 3259
iozone test complete.
RandRead: 29654 - RandWrite: 3259 - Read: 29722 - Write: 3267
Enter a description of your storage and setup (Example: Kingston A400 SSD on Pi 4 using StarTech SATA to USB adapter)
Description: KIOXA 128GB microSD on Pi 5
(Optional) Enter alias to use on benchmark results. Leave blank for completely anonymous.
Alias (leave blank for Anonymous):
Result submitted successfully and will appear live on https://pibenchmarks.com within a couple of minutes.
Category Test Result
HDParm Disk Read 90.98 MB/sec
HDParm Cached Disk Read 90.93 MB/sec
DD Disk Write 32.7 MB/s
FIO 4k random read 6301 IOPS (25206 KB/s)
FIO 4k random write 819 IOPS (3278 KB/s)
IOZone 4k read 29722 KB/s
IOZone 4k write 3267 KB/s
IOZone 4k random read 29654 KB/s
IOZone 4k random write 3259 KB/s
Score: 2510
Compare with previous benchmark results at:
https://pibenchmarks.com/
次回
いつになるかわかりませんが、SSDを繋いでベンチマーク測定をしたいと思います。