if文書きたくないんじゃー
sample.js
let startTime = '22:30'
let elapsedTime = '01:40'
let [sh, sm] = startTime.split(':')
let [eh, em] = elapsedTime.split(':')
let hh = Number(sh) + Number(eh)
let mm = Number(sm) + Number(em)
hh = (hh + Math.floor(mm / 60)) % 24
mm = mm % 60
let rh = ('0' + hh).slice(-2)
let rm = ('0' + mm).slice(-2)
console.log(rh + ':' + rm) // "00:10"
%て割れない数字だとそのまま返してくれるのね。(今更)