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Swiftで負の数に対する%演算が正にならない件

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配列の要素に循環的にアクセスしようとして%演算子でハマった点について書き残します。

%演算が負になる例

Swiftでは%演算の結果が必ずしも正になるとは限りません。負の数に対して%演算すると負の数になります。

5 % 3 == 2 //true
-4 % 3 == 2 //false
-4 % 3 == -1 // true

この結果、例えば次のようなコードはエラーになります。

let array = [1, 2, 3]
array[-1 % array.count] // Fatal error: Index out of range

%演算の結果は剰余ではない

The Swift Programming Language (Swift 4.1): Basic Operatorsに記述があり、remainder演算であってmodulo演算でない旨がNoteとして明記されています。

The remainder operator (%) is also known as a modulo operator in other languages. However, its behavior in Swift for negative numbers means that, strictly speaking, it’s a remainder rather than a modulo operation.

解決策

%演算を用いてmodulo演算の結果は次のように得られます。

((-4 % 3) + 3) % 3 == 2 // true

独自演算子を定義する場合、例えば次のように剰余を得る演算子 %% を定義できます。

infix operator %%
func %%(lhs: Int, rhs: Int) -> Int{
    return ((lhs % rhs) + rhs) % rhs
}

(-4 %% 3) == 2 // true

Reference

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