１．Introduction

そもそも自力でチューニングする必要が無い方は、コチラのOpenVINO を導入することをオススメします。 OpenCV 4.1.1 が１０分ほどで導入可能です。

いつも参考にさせていただいている @mt08 さんの [メモ] ラズパイ OpenCV 4.1.1 ビルド時の__atomic_～～エラー対処 のノウハウをもとに、TBBのビルドとVFPV3/NEONを有効化した状態で、RaspberryPi3/4用の OpenCV4.1.1 をビルドしました。仮想環境を使用するため、実機でビルドするよりも格段に遅いと思います。なお、TBBを組み込むことで若干OpenCVのパフォーマンスが上がるそうです。

このビルド環境は、過去の私の記事 QEMU4.0.0 のハードウェアエミュレーションモードで Debian Buster armhf のOSイメージをゼロから作成する方法 (Kernel 4.19.0-5-armmp-lpae, Tensorflow armhfビルド用) で構築した Raspbian 相当の環境を CPU 8 core 設定で使用します。 cmake時のワーニングをなるべく表示させないような手順を心がけました。

**cmakeのログ**

cmake_log

-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 8.3.0
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 8.3.0
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detected processor: armv7l
-- sizeof(void) = 4 on 64 bit processor. Assume 32-bit compilation mode
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python2.7 (found suitable version "2.7.16", minimum required is "2.7") 
-- Found PythonLibs: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython2.7.so (found suitable exact version "2.7.16") 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named numpy.distutils
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python3 (found suitable version "3.7.3", minimum required is "3.2") 
-- Found PythonLibs: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.7m.so (found suitable exact version "3.7.3") 
-- Looking for ccache - found (/usr/bin/ccache)
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FSIGNED_CHAR
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FSIGNED_CHAR - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FSIGNED_CHAR
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FSIGNED_CHAR - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_W
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_W - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_W
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_W - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WALL
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WALL - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WALL
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WALL - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_RETURN_TYPE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_RETURN_TYPE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_RETURN_TYPE
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_RETURN_TYPE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_ADDRESS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_ADDRESS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_ADDRESS
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_ADDRESS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_SEQUENCE_POINT
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_SEQUENCE_POINT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_SEQUENCE_POINT
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_SEQUENCE_POINT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WFORMAT
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WFORMAT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WFORMAT
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WFORMAT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_FORMAT_SECURITY
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WERROR_FORMAT_SECURITY - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_FORMAT_SECURITY
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WERROR_FORMAT_SECURITY - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WMISSING_DECLARATIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WMISSING_DECLARATIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WMISSING_DECLARATIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WMISSING_DECLARATIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WMISSING_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WMISSING_PROTOTYPES - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WMISSING_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WMISSING_PROTOTYPES - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSTRICT_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSTRICT_PROTOTYPES - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSTRICT_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSTRICT_PROTOTYPES - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WUNDEF
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WUNDEF - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WUNDEF
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WUNDEF - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WINIT_SELF
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WINIT_SELF - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WINIT_SELF
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WINIT_SELF - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WPOINTER_ARITH
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WPOINTER_ARITH - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WPOINTER_ARITH
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WPOINTER_ARITH - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSHADOW
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSHADOW - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSHADOW
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSHADOW - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSIGN_PROMO
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSIGN_PROMO - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSIGN_PROMO
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSIGN_PROMO - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WUNINITIALIZED
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WUNINITIALIZED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WUNINITIALIZED
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WUNINITIALIZED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSUGGEST_OVERRIDE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WSUGGEST_OVERRIDE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSUGGEST_OVERRIDE
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WSUGGEST_OVERRIDE - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_DELETE_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_DELETE_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_DELETE_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_DELETE_NON_VIRTUAL_DTOR - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNNAMED_TYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNNAMED_TYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNNAMED_TYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNNAMED_TYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_COMMENT
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_COMMENT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_COMMENT
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_COMMENT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WIMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH_3
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WIMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH_3 - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WIMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH_3
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WIMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH_3 - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_STRICT_OVERFLOW
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_STRICT_OVERFLOW - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_STRICT_OVERFLOW
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_STRICT_OVERFLOW - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FDIAGNOSTICS_SHOW_OPTION
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FDIAGNOSTICS_SHOW_OPTION - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FDIAGNOSTICS_SHOW_OPTION
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FDIAGNOSTICS_SHOW_OPTION - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_PTHREAD - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_PTHREAD - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FOMIT_FRAME_POINTER
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FOMIT_FRAME_POINTER - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FOMIT_FRAME_POINTER
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FOMIT_FRAME_POINTER - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FFUNCTION_SECTIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FFUNCTION_SECTIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FFUNCTION_SECTIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FFUNCTION_SECTIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FDATA_SECTIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FDATA_SECTIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FDATA_SECTIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FDATA_SECTIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_MFPU_VFPV3
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_MFPU_VFPV3 - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_NEON_SUPPORT (check file: cmake/checks/cpu_neon.cpp)
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_NEON_SUPPORT - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_MFPU_NEON (check file: cmake/checks/cpu_neon.cpp)
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_MFPU_NEON - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_FP16_SUPPORT (check file: cmake/checks/cpu_fp16.cpp)
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_FP16_SUPPORT - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_MFPU_NEON_FP16_MFP16_FORMAT_IEEE (check file: cmake/checks/cpu_fp16.cpp)
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_MFPU_NEON_FP16_MFP16_FORMAT_IEEE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_BASELINE_FLAGS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_BASELINE_FLAGS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FVISIBILITY_HIDDEN
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FVISIBILITY_HIDDEN - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FVISIBILITY_HIDDEN
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FVISIBILITY_HIDDEN - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FVISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FVISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FVISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FVISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN - Failed
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for posix_memalign
-- Looking for posix_memalign - found
-- Looking for malloc.h
-- Looking for malloc.h - found
-- Looking for memalign
-- Looking for memalign - found
-- Check if the system is big endian
-- Searching 16 bit integer
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of unsigned short
-- Check size of unsigned short - done
-- Using unsigned short
-- Check if the system is big endian - little endian
-- Found ZLIB: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.so (found suitable version "1.2.11", minimum required is "1.2.3") 
-- Found JPEG: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libjpeg.so (found version "62") 
-- Found TIFF: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libtiff.so (found version "4.0.10") 
-- Found WebP: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libwebp.so  
-- Could NOT find Jasper (missing: JASPER_LIBRARIES JASPER_INCLUDE_DIR) 
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_IMPLICIT_FUNCTION_DECLARATION
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_IMPLICIT_FUNCTION_DECLARATION - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNINITIALIZED
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNINITIALIZED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_MISSING_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_MISSING_PROTOTYPES - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_MISSING_DECLARATIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_MISSING_DECLARATIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_SHADOW
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_SHADOW - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_SIGN_COMPARE
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_SIGN_COMPARE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_POINTER_COMPARE
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_POINTER_COMPARE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_ABSOLUTE_VALUE
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_ABSOLUTE_VALUE - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED_PARAMETER
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED_PARAMETER - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_STRICT_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_STRICT_PROTOTYPES - Success
-- Found ZLIB: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.so (found version "1.2.11") 
-- Found PNG: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpng.so (found version "1.6.36") 
-- Looking for /usr/include/libpng/png.h
-- Looking for /usr/include/libpng/png.h - found
-- Looking for semaphore.h
-- Looking for semaphore.h - found
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SHADOW
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SHADOW - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SIGN_COMPARE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SIGN_COMPARE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNDEF
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNDEF - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_MISSING_DECLARATIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_MISSING_DECLARATIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNINITIALIZED
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNINITIALIZED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SWITCH
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SWITCH - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_PARENTHESES
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_PARENTHESES - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_ARRAY_BOUNDS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_ARRAY_BOUNDS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_EXTRA
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_EXTRA - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_MISLEADING_INDENTATION
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_MISLEADING_INDENTATION - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_DEPRECATED
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_DEPRECATED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SUGGEST_OVERRIDE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SUGGEST_OVERRIDE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_INCONSISTENT_MISSING_OVERRIDE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_INCONSISTENT_MISSING_OVERRIDE - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_TAUTOLOGICAL_COMPARE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_TAUTOLOGICAL_COMPARE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_MISSING_PROTOTYPES
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_MISSING_PROTOTYPES - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_REORDER
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_REORDER - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_RESULT
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_RESULT - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_CLASS_MEMACCESS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_CLASS_MEMACCESS - Success
-- Checking for module 'gtk+-3.0'
--   Found gtk+-3.0, version 3.24.5
-- Checking for module 'gthread-2.0'
--   Found gthread-2.0, version 2.58.3
-- TBB: Download: 2019_U8.tar.gz
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_PARAMETER
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_PARAMETER - Success
-- Could not find OpenBLAS include. Turning OpenBLAS_FOUND off
-- Could not find OpenBLAS lib. Turning OpenBLAS_FOUND off
-- Found Atlas: /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf  
-- Found Atlas (include: /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf, library: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatlas.so)
-- LAPACK(Atlas): LAPACK_LIBRARIES: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/liblapack.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcblas.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatlas.so
-- LAPACK(Atlas): Support is enabled.
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_LOCAL_TYPEDEFS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_LOCAL_TYPEDEFS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SIGN_PROMO
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SIGN_PROMO - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_TAUTOLOGICAL_UNDEFINED_COMPARE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_TAUTOLOGICAL_UNDEFINED_COMPARE - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_FUNCTION
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_FUNCTION - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_CONST_VARIABLE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_CONST_VARIABLE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SHORTEN_64_TO_32
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_SHORTEN_64_TO_32 - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_INVALID_OFFSETOF
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_INVALID_OFFSETOF - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_ENUM_COMPARE_SWITCH
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_ENUM_COMPARE_SWITCH - Failed
-- Could NOT find JNI (missing: JAVA_AWT_LIBRARY JAVA_JVM_LIBRARY JAVA_INCLUDE_PATH JAVA_INCLUDE_PATH2 JAVA_AWT_INCLUDE_PATH) 
-- The imported target "vtkRenderingPythonTkWidgets" references the file
   "/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libvtkRenderingPythonTkWidgets.so"
but this file does not exist.  Possible reasons include:
* The file was deleted, renamed, or moved to another location.
* An install or uninstall procedure did not complete successfully.
* The installation package was faulty and contained
   "/usr/lib/cmake/vtk-6.3/VTKTargets.cmake"
but not all the files it references.

-- The imported target "vtk" references the file
   "/usr/bin/vtk"
but this file does not exist.  Possible reasons include:
* The file was deleted, renamed, or moved to another location.
* An install or uninstall procedure did not complete successfully.
* The installation package was faulty and contained
   "/usr/lib/cmake/vtk-6.3/VTKTargets.cmake"
but not all the files it references.

-- Found VTK 6.3.0 (/usr/lib/cmake/vtk-6.3/UseVTK.cmake)
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED_VARIABLE
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNUSED_VARIABLE - Success
-- Performing Test CXX_HAS_MFPU_NEON
-- Performing Test CXX_HAS_MFPU_NEON - Success
-- Performing Test C_HAS_MFPU_NEON
-- Performing Test C_HAS_MFPU_NEON - Success
-- Looking for dlerror in dl
-- Looking for dlerror in dl - found
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNDEF
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_WNO_UNDEF - Success
-- ADE: Download: v0.1.1d.zip
-- OpenCV Python: during development append to PYTHONPATH: /home/debian/opencv/opencv-4.1.1/build/python_loader
-- Checking for modules 'libavcodec;libavformat;libavutil;libswscale'
--   Found libavcodec, version 58.35.100
--   Found libavformat, version 58.20.100
--   Found libavutil, version 56.22.100
--   Found libswscale, version 5.3.100
-- Checking for module 'libavresample'
--   Found libavresample, version 4.0.0
-- Checking for module 'gstreamer-base-1.0'
--   Found gstreamer-base-1.0, version 1.14.4
-- Checking for module 'gstreamer-app-1.0'
--   Found gstreamer-app-1.0, version 1.14.4
-- Checking for module 'gstreamer-riff-1.0'
--   Found gstreamer-riff-1.0, version 1.14.4
-- Checking for module 'gstreamer-pbutils-1.0'
--   Found gstreamer-pbutils-1.0, version 1.14.4
-- Checking for module 'libdc1394-2'
--   Found libdc1394-2, version 2.2.5
-- Caffe:   NO
-- Protobuf:   NO
-- Glog:   YES
-- Checking for module 'freetype2'
--   Found freetype2, version 22.1.16
-- Checking for module 'harfbuzz'
--   Found harfbuzz, version 2.3.1
-- freetype2:   YES (ver 22.1.16)
-- harfbuzz:    YES (ver 2.3.1)
-- HDF5: Using hdf5 compiler wrapper to determine C configuration
-- Found HDF5: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/hdf5/serial/libhdf5.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libsz.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so;/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so (found version "1.10.4")  
-- Module opencv_ovis disabled because OGRE3D was not found
-- No preference for use of exported gflags CMake configuration set, and no hints for include/library directories provided. Defaulting to preferring an installed/exported gflags CMake configuration if available.
-- Found installed version of gflags: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/cmake/gflags
-- Detected gflags version: 2.2.2
-- Found installed version of Eigen: /usr/lib/cmake/eigen3
-- Found required Ceres dependency: Eigen version 3.3.7 in /usr/include/eigen3
-- Found required Ceres dependency: glog
-- Found installed version of gflags: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/cmake/gflags
-- Detected gflags version: 2.2.2
-- Found required Ceres dependency: gflags
-- Found Ceres version: 1.14.0 installed in: /usr with components: [EigenSparse, SparseLinearAlgebraLibrary, LAPACK, SuiteSparse, CXSparse, SchurSpecializations, OpenMP, Multithreading]
-- Checking SFM deps... TRUE
-- HDF5: Using hdf5 compiler wrapper to determine C configuration
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/imgproc/src/corner.avx.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/imgproc/src/imgwarp.avx2.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/imgproc/src/imgwarp.sse4_1.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/imgproc/src/resize.avx2.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/imgproc/src/resize.sse4_1.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/imgproc/src/sumpixels.avx512_skx.cpp
-- Registering hook 'INIT_MODULE_SOURCES_opencv_dnn': /home/debian/opencv/opencv-4.1.1/modules/dnn/cmake/hooks/INIT_MODULE_SOURCES_opencv_dnn.cmake
-- opencv_dnn: filter out ocl4dnn source code
-- opencv_dnn: filter out cuda4dnn source code
-- Excluding from source files list: <BUILD>/modules/dnn/layers/layers_common.avx.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: <BUILD>/modules/dnn/layers/layers_common.avx2.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: <BUILD>/modules/dnn/layers/layers_common.avx512_skx.cpp
-- Excluding from source files list: modules/features2d/src/fast.avx2.cpp
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_OVERLOADED_VIRTUAL
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_OVERLOADED_VIRTUAL - Success
-- Checking for module 'tesseract'
--   Found tesseract, version 4.0.0
-- Tesseract:   YES (ver 4.0.0)
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_bgm.i
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_bgm_bi.i
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_bgm_hd.i
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_binboost_064.i
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_binboost_128.i
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_binboost_256.i
-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_lbgm.i
-- xfeatures2d/vgg: Download: vgg_generated_48.i
-- xfeatures2d/vgg: Download: vgg_generated_64.i
-- xfeatures2d/vgg: Download: vgg_generated_80.i
-- xfeatures2d/vgg: Download: vgg_generated_120.i
-- data: Download: face_landmark_model.dat
-- No preference for use of exported gflags CMake configuration set, and no hints for include/library directories provided. Defaulting to preferring an installed/exported gflags CMake configuration if available.
-- Found installed version of gflags: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/cmake/gflags
-- Detected gflags version: 2.2.2
-- Found installed version of Eigen: /usr/lib/cmake/eigen3
-- Found required Ceres dependency: Eigen version 3.3.7 in /usr/include/eigen3
-- Found required Ceres dependency: glog
-- Found installed version of gflags: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/cmake/gflags
-- Detected gflags version: 2.2.2
-- Found required Ceres dependency: gflags
-- Found Ceres version: 1.14.0 installed in: /usr with components: [EigenSparse, SparseLinearAlgebraLibrary, LAPACK, SuiteSparse, CXSparse, SchurSpecializations, OpenMP, Multithreading]
-- Checking SFM deps... TRUE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_BUT_SET_VARIABLE
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_BUT_SET_VARIABLE - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_PRIVATE_FIELD
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_WNO_UNUSED_PRIVATE_FIELD - Failed
-- 
-- General configuration for OpenCV 4.1.1 =====================================
--   Version control:               unknown
-- 
--   Extra modules:
--     Location (extra):            /home/debian/opencv/opencv_contrib-4.1.1/modules
--     Version control (extra):     unknown
-- 
--   Platform:
--     Timestamp:                   2019-07-30T13:27:22Z
--     Host:                        Linux 4.19.0-5-armmp-lpae armv7l
--     CMake:                       3.13.4
--     CMake generator:             Unix Makefiles
--     CMake build tool:            /usr/bin/make
--     Configuration:               Release
-- 
--   CPU/HW features:
--     Baseline:                    VFPV3 NEON
--       requested:                 DETECT
--       required:                  VFPV3 NEON
-- 
--   C/C++:
--     Built as dynamic libs?:      YES
--     C++ Compiler:                /usr/bin/c++  (ver 8.3.0)
--     C++ flags (Release):         -DTBB_USE_GCC_BUILTINS=1 -D__TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS=0   -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -mfpu=neon -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG
--     C++ flags (Debug):           -DTBB_USE_GCC_BUILTINS=1 -D__TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS=0   -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -mfpu=neon -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -g  -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
--     C Compiler:                  /usr/bin/cc
--     C flags (Release):           -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -mfpu=neon -fvisibility=hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG
--     C flags (Debug):             -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -mfpu=neon -fvisibility=hidden -g  -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
--     Linker flags (Release):      -latomic  -Wl,--gc-sections  
--     Linker flags (Debug):        -latomic  -Wl,--gc-sections  
--     ccache:                      YES
--     Precompiled headers:         NO
--     Extra dependencies:          dl m pthread rt
--     3rdparty dependencies:
-- 
--   OpenCV modules:
--     To be built:                 aruco bgsegm bioinspired calib3d ccalib core datasets dnn dnn_objdetect dpm face features2d flann freetype fuzzy gapi hdf hfs highgui img_hash imgcodecs imgproc line_descriptor ml objdetect optflow phase_unwrapping photo plot python3 quality reg rgbd saliency sfm shape stereo stitching structured_light superres surface_matching text tracking ts video videoio videostab viz xfeatures2d ximgproc xobjdetect xphoto
--     Disabled:                    world
--     Disabled by dependency:      -
--     Unavailable:                 cnn_3dobj cudaarithm cudabgsegm cudacodec cudafeatures2d cudafilters cudaimgproc cudalegacy cudaobjdetect cudaoptflow cudastereo cudawarping cudev cvv java js matlab ovis python2
--     Applications:                perf_tests apps
--     Documentation:               NO
--     Non-free algorithms:         NO
-- 
--   GUI: 
--     GTK+:                        YES (ver 3.24.5)
--       GThread :                  YES (ver 2.58.3)
--       GtkGlExt:                  NO
--     VTK support:                 YES (ver 6.3.0)
-- 
--   Media I/O: 
--     ZLib:                        /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.so (ver 1.2.11)
--     JPEG:                        /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libjpeg.so (ver 62)
--     WEBP:                        /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libwebp.so (ver encoder: 0x020e)
--     PNG:                         /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpng.so (ver 1.6.36)
--     TIFF:                        /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libtiff.so (ver 42 / 4.0.10)
--     JPEG 2000:                   build (ver 1.900.1)
--     OpenEXR:                     build (ver 2.3.0)
--     HDR:                         YES
--     SUNRASTER:                   YES
--     PXM:                         YES
--     PFM:                         YES
-- 
--   Video I/O:
--     DC1394:                      YES (2.2.5)
--     FFMPEG:                      YES
--       avcodec:                   YES (58.35.100)
--       avformat:                  YES (58.20.100)
--       avutil:                    YES (56.22.100)
--       swscale:                   YES (5.3.100)
--       avresample:                YES (4.0.0)
--     GStreamer:                   YES (1.14.4)
--     v4l/v4l2:                    YES (linux/videodev2.h)
-- 
--   Parallel framework:            TBB (ver 2019.0 interface 11008)
-- 
--   Trace:                         YES (with Intel ITT)
-- 
--   Other third-party libraries:
--     Lapack:                      YES (/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/liblapack.so /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcblas.so /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatlas.so)
--     Eigen:                       YES (ver 3.3.7)
--     Custom HAL:                  YES (carotene (ver 0.0.1))
--     Protobuf:                    build (3.5.1)
-- 
--   Python 3:
--     Interpreter:                 /usr/bin/python3 (ver 3.7.3)
--     Libraries:                   /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.7m.so (ver 3.7.3)
--     numpy:                       /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.16.4)
--     install path:                lib/python3.7/dist-packages/cv2/python-3.7
-- 
--   Python (for build):            /usr/bin/python3
-- 
--   Java:                          
--     ant:                         NO
--     JNI:                         NO
--     Java wrappers:               NO
--     Java tests:                  NO
-- 
--   Install to:                    /usr/local
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/debian/opencv/opencv-4.1.1/build

ちなみに私は RaspberryPi4 を所持していません。仮想環境で作業することのメリットと言えば、RaspberryPiと同等の環境をあちこちの端末上に量産できることです。ビルド好きな方は、いろいろなビルドパラメータで同時並行で試行することができますね。はい、承知しております。 Docker や chroot でいいじゃん、とか冷たいこと言わないでください。

２．Environment

Ubuntu 16.04 x86_64
QEMU 4.0.0
Debian Buster armhf (RAM 4GB, CPU 8 core)

３．Procedure

まず、 QEMU4.0.0 のハードウェアエミュレーションモードで Debian Buster armhf のOSイメージをゼロから作成する方法 (Kernel 4.19.0-5-armmp-lpae, Tensorflow armhfビルド用) でQEMUの仮想環境を構築します。そのうえで下記のコマンドにより、 CPU 8core かつ RAM 4GB の Debian Buster armhf を起動します。

Start_Debian_Buster

$ qemu-system-arm -M virt -m 4096 -smp 8 \
  -kernel vmlinuz-4.19.0-5-armmp-lpae \
  -initrd initrd.img-4.19.0-5-armmp-lpae \
  -append 'root=/dev/vda2' \
  -drive if=none,file=hda.qcow2,format=qcow2,id=hd \
  -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd \
  -netdev user,id=mynet \
  -device virtio-net-device,netdev=mynet \
  -nographic

次に、下記の手順で OpenCV 4.1.1 をビルドします。

Download_and_build_OpenCV

# Install required tools
$ sudo apt-get install -y \
    libjpeg62-turbo-dev libtiff5-dev libpng16-16 libceres-dev \
    libatlas3-base liblapack3 libv4l-0 libxvidcore4 liblept5 \
    libopenblas-dev libatlas-base-dev libavcodec-dev libblas-dev \
    libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libpng-dev \
    libtiff-dev ccache libeigen3-dev liblapacke-dev libavresample-dev \
    libtesseract-dev libgoogle-glog-dev libgflags-dev libvtk6-dev \
    libharfbuzz-dev libdc1394-22-dev libtesseract-dev \
    libgstreamer-opencv1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
    libgstreamer-ocaml-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamermm-1.0-dev \
    libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libcanberra-gtk-dev libcanberra-gtk3-dev

# Download OpenCV 4.1.1
$ curl -sc /tmp/cookie "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1LrhoBQcYEz-zFCDY-_lNMJ1OZpay9PhP" > /dev/null
$ CODE="$(awk '/_warning_/ {print $NF}' /tmp/cookie)"
$ curl -Lb /tmp/cookie "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&confirm=${CODE}&id=1LrhoBQcYEz-zFCDY-_lNMJ1OZpay9PhP" -o opencv.zip

# Download OpenCV_contrib 4.1.1
$ curl -sc /tmp/cookie "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1GxzSbwwhk1rlq8lH8yQUFgqXATNm0Z8l" > /dev/null
$ CODE="$(awk '/_warning_/ {print $NF}' /tmp/cookie)"
$ curl -Lb /tmp/cookie "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&confirm=${CODE}&id=1GxzSbwwhk1rlq8lH8yQUFgqXATNm0Z8l" -o opencv_contrib.zip

$ unzip opencv.zip
$ unzip opencv_contrib.zip
$ rm opencv.zip opencv_contrib.zip

$ cd opencv-4.1.1
$ mkdir build;cd build

$ nano ../modules/core/include/opencv2/core/private.hpp

# include <Eigen/Core>
↓
# include <eigen3/Eigen/Core>

$ cmake -D CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-DTBB_USE_GCC_BUILTINS=1 -D__TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS=0" \
        -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
        -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
        -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=OFF \
        -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=${PWD}/../../opencv_contrib-4.1.1/modules \
        -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
        -D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
        -D PYTHON_DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE=$(which python3) \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \
        -D WITH_OPENCL=OFF \
        -D WITH_OPENGL=OFF \
        -D WITH_TBB=ON \
        -D BUILD_TBB=ON \
        -D WITH_CUDA=OFF \
        -D WITH_QT=OFF \
        -D ENABLE_VFPV3=ON \
        -D ENABLE_NEON=ON \
        -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \
        -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS='-latomic' ..

$ make -j $(($(nproc) + 1))
$ sudo make install
$ sudo ldconfig

以上でビルドとインストールが完了です。インストーラの生成方法は後日追記します。

そもそも、どんなビルドオプションがあるかなんか分からへんやん。という方へ。 ccmake という便利なツールがあります。 build フォルダへ移動したあとに ccmake .. を実行すると。。。

Install_ccmake

$ sudo apt-get install cmake-curses-gui
$ cd opencv-4.1.1/build

$ ccmake ..

下図のように表示されますので、 C を押すと。。。

このような表示に変わりますのでしばらく待ちます。

下図のように表示されたら、 E を押します。

すると、下図のような表示に切り替わります。 Enter キーを押すとパラメータが変更できます。この画面のイメージでは１２ページ分の設定があることになっていますね。 OpenCVの設定、多すぎてカオスです。

４．Reference articles

[メモ] ラズパイ OpenCV 4.1.1 ビルド時の__atomic_～～エラー対処 - Qiita - mt08さん

５．Finally

@mt08さんのおかげで、Tensorflow のフルビルドに比べて１０００倍楽でした。