#はじめに
エラーメッセージ

Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
    at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:67:19)
    at Object.createHash (node:crypto:130:10)
    at module.exports (/Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/webpack/lib/util/createHash.js:135:53)
    at NormalModule._initBuildHash (/Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:417:16)
    at handleParseError (/Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:471:10)
    at /Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:503:5
    at /Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:358:12
    at /Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/loader-runner/lib/LoaderRunner.js:373:3
    at iterateNormalLoaders (/Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/loader-runner/lib/LoaderRunner.js:214:10)
    at Array.<anonymous> (/Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/loader-runner/lib/LoaderRunner.js:205:4)
    at Storage.finished (/Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/enhanced-resolve/lib/CachedInputFileSystem.js:55:16)
    at /Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/enhanced-resolve/lib/CachedInputFileSystem.js:91:9
    at /Users/~~~~~~~/.nvm/versions/node/v17.1.0/lib/node_modules/@vue/cli-service-global/node_modules/graceful-fs/graceful-fs.js:123:16
    at FSReqCallback.readFileAfterClose [as oncomplete] (node:internal/fs/read_file_context:68:3) {
  opensslErrorStack: [ 'error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error' ],
  library: 'digital envelope routines',
  reason: 'unsupported',
  code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED'
}

Node.js v17.1.0

#調査
Node を v17.0.1 にアップデートし、cliでプロジェクトを作って、vue serveをしたら出てきてしまうらしい。
https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/issues/6770
https://github.com/webpack/webpack/issues/14532

OpenSSLのバージョンが3.0になったことに起因している問題みたいですね。
https://medium.com/the-node-js-collection/node-js-17-is-here-8dba1e14e382

対策

If you hit an ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED error in your application with Node.js 17, it’s likely that your application or a module you’re using is attempting to use an algorithm or key size which is no longer allowed by default with OpenSSL 3.0. A new command-line option, --openssl-legacy-provider, has been added to revert to the legacy provider as a temporary workaround for these tightened restrictions.

OpenSSL3.0が使われる前に用いられていたもの（プロバイダー？）に戻すオプションがあるので、一時的にはこれを使うのがいい。

export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

いけたぁ