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Enumを使って複数の定数文字列を管理する。

Last updated at Posted at 2022-10-15

2022/11/11 追記

StrEnumがPython11で実装されたのでそれも使いましょう。

Official Docs

Enumは複数の定数をクラスに纏めて管理できる

import enum

class Option(enum.Enum):
    A = "A"
    B = "B"
    C = "C"

my_choice = Option.A
print(my_choice)
# <Option.A: 'A'>

このように定義すると、Option.Aのように定数を呼び出すことができLiteralと違いタイプミスや、定数の値を間違えてもエラーとして検出できる。

Enumは文字列と比較できない

my_choice = Option.A
print(my_choice == "A")
# False

EnumはEnum.Valuesのインスタンスなので、文字列と比較するとFalseになる。

解決策

クラスを定義する際にstrを継承することで文字列と比較できるようになる。

import enum

class Option(str, enum.Enum):
    A = "A"
    B = "B"
    C = "C"

my_choice = Option.A
print(my_choice == "A")
# True
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