【Tips】Ubuntuへのsqlite3 gemインストール時に発生しうるエラーへの対処

問題

入力

gem install sqlite3 -v '1.4.1'

出力

Building native extensions. This could take a while...
/home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:76: warning: Insecure world writable dir /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions in PATH, mode 040777
ERROR:  Error installing sqlite3:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.1/ext/sqlite3
/home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/bin/ruby -I /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20191109-13641-qybk8d.rb extconf.rb
/home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1565: warning: Insecure world writable dir /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions in PATH, mode 040777
checking for sqlite3.h... no
sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'brew install sqlite3',
'yum install sqlite-devel' or 'apt-get install libsqlite3-dev'
and check your shared library search path (the
location where your sqlite3 shared library is located).
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
        --with-sqlcipher
        --without-sqlcipher
        --with-sqlite3-config
        --without-sqlite3-config
        --with-pkg-config
        --without-pkg-config
        --with-sqlcipher
        --without-sqlcipher
        --with-sqlite3-dir
        --without-sqlite3-dir
        --with-sqlite3-include
        --without-sqlite3-include=${sqlite3-dir}/include
        --with-sqlite3-lib
        --without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0-static/sqlite3-1.4.1/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/【ユーザー名】/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0-static/sqlite3-1.4.1/gem_make.out

環境

• Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
  • Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
• anyenv
  • rbenv 1.1.2-4-g577f046
    • ruby 2.6.3p62 (2019-04-16 revision 67580) [x86_64-linux]

原因：SQLite3の開発用ライブラリ不足

native extensionとして必要なSQLiteに関連するライブラリがOSにインストールされていない。

解決方法

エラーメッセージに書かれているとおり、libsqlite3-devをapt installすれば良い。他環境に関しても同様に、OS Xのbrewであればbrew install sqlite3、CentOSやAmazon Linux等RedHut系のyumで管理されているLinuxであればyum install sqlite-develが必要。

sudo apt install libsqlite3-dev
gem install sqlite3 -v '1.4.1'