色々な言語でたらい回し関数の速度を比較してみた

たらい回し関数

「たらい回し関数」として知られる 竹内関数 を色々な言語で動かして、完了するまでの時間を測ってみました。

色々な言語で計算速度を比較してみた の記事を読んだことがあり、似たようなことをやってみたいと思ってました。

更新

• 2024/09/11: 今後は その２ を更新していきます。
• 2024/08/26:
  • Ring を追加しました。
  • Rune を追加しました。Release build で再測定しました。
• 2024/08/22: Pinecone を追加しました。
• 2024/08/16: LiveScript を追加しました。
• 2024/08/13: Gravity を追加しました。

過去の更新

• 2024/08/12: Draco を追加しました。
• 2024/08/11: Dictu を追加しました。
• 2024/08/10: Clio を追加しました。
• 2024/08/08: ArkScript を追加しました。
• 2024/08/04:
  • Nelua を追加しました。
  • Nit を追加しました。
  • Peregrine を追加しました。
• 2024/07/31: Flix を追加しました。
• 2024/07/27:
  • Hy を追加しました。
  • Rust を 1.80.0 に更新しました。
  • Javascript を node.js 22.5.1 に、deno 1.45.4 に、bun 1.1.20 に更新しました。
  • C# と F# を dotnet 8.0.303 に更新しました。
  • V を 0.4.7 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/24:
  • Poly/ML を追加しました。
  • Lisp Flavored Erlang を追加しました。
• 2024/07/22:
  • Lisp を追加しました。
  • Lua を再測定しました。
• 2024/07/21:
  • Php を 8.3.9 に更新しました。
  • Python pypy3 を 7.3.15 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/20:
  • Vala を 0.56.16 に更新しました。
  • Rust、Haskell、OCaml、Zig、Mojo、Racket、Dart、Ante、Austral、Pony、Reason、Onyx を再測定しました。
  • Odin を dev-2024-07 に更新しました。
  • Lobster を 2024-07-17 に更新しました。
  • Idris2 を再測定しました。
  • Perl を 5.40.0 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/19: Crystal を追加しました。1.13.1 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/18:
  • R を追加しました。
  • Inko を 0.15.0 に更新しました。
  • Swift を再測定しました。
• 2024/07/17:
  • Erlang を 27.0.1 に更新しました。
  • Nim を 2.0.8 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/16: Elixir を 1.17.2 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/15:
  • Gauche を 0.9.15 に更新しました。
  • Gleam を 1.3.2 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/14:
  • Algol を再測定しました。
  • Ada (gnat) を 13.2.0 に更新しました。
  • Java を使用する言語を再測定しました。Concurnas を除き、Java 22.0.1 を使用しました。
    • Ballerina を 2201.9.2 (Swan Lake Update 9) に更新しました。
    • Clojure を再測定しました。
    • Concurnas を再測定しました。
    • Groovy を再測定しました。
    • Haxe を 4.3.3 に更新しました。
    • Java を再測定しました。
    • Kotlin を再測定しました。
    • Scala を再測定しました。
• 2024/07/13: 言語の名称で並べ替えました。
• 2024/07/11: D (gdc) を 13.2.0 に、D (ldc) を 1.36.0 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/10: V を 0.4.6 66ea826 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/09: Pascal を 3.2.2+dfsg-32 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/08: C# (dotnet)、F# (dotnet) を 8.0.302 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/07: Groovy を 4.0.22 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/06: Javascript node.js を 22.4.0 に、deno を 1.44.4 に、bun を 1.1.18 に更新しました。
  • Fortran を 13.2.0 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/05: OS を Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS (64-bit) にしました。
  • Go を 1.22.5 に更新しました。
  • C を gcc 13.2.0, clang 18.1.3 に更新しました。
  • C++ を g++ 13.2.0, clang++ 18.1.3 に更新しました。
  • Julia を 1.10.4 に更新しました。
• 2024/07/01: Javascript (bun) を追加しました。
• 2024/06/29: Concurnas を追加しました。
• 2024/06/16: Dart を 3.4.4 にバージョンアップしました。
• 2024/06/15: Go を 1.22.4 に、Rust を 1.79.0 にバージョンアップしました。
• 2024/06/14: Zig を 0.13.0 にバージョンアップしました。
• 2024/06/14: Erlang を除き、全ての言語の経過時間測定を \time での計測に切り替えました。測定時に言語のバージョンアップを行っています。
  • 過去の表を削除しました。
• 2024/05/22: Ante と Gleam を追加しました。
• 2024/05/21: \time での測定に切り替え、グラフにまとめました。
  • 現時点ではグラフ以外の情報は古いままです。
  • Algol を追加しました。
  • Effekt を追加しました。
• 2024/05/14: Ballerina を追加しました。
• 2024/05/13: Sidef を追加しました。
• 2024/05/10: Swift を追加しました。
• 2024/05/09: 長すぎるので、まとめ方を変えました。
• 2024/05/08: Austral を追加しました。
• 2024/05/07: Lean Lean4 を追加しました。追記しました。
• 2024/05/06: Seed7 を追加しました。
• 2024/05/05: Vala と Idris2 を追加しました。
• 2024/05/04: Pony を追加しました。
• 2024/05/03: Prolog を追加しました。
• 2024/05/02: Odin, Inko を追加しました。
• 2024/04/30: Mercury を追加しました。
• 2024/04/29: V (clang) を追加しました。
• 2024/04/28: Clojure のコンパイルオプションを追加しました。
• 2024/04/26: C (clang), C++ (clang), D (ldc) を追加しました。Zig を 0.12.0 に更新しました。
• 2024/04/25: Onyx を追加しました。
• 2024/04/24: D, Lobster を追加しました。
• 2024/04/23: Groovy を追加しました。
• 2024/04/22: Felix を追加しました。
• 2024/04/21: Racket を追加しました。
• 2024/04/20: Pike, Clojure, Gauche を追加しました。
• 2024/04/19: Javascript, Raku を追加しました。
• 2024/04/18: Reason を追加しました。
• 2024/04/17: Nim を追加しました。
• 2024/04/14: Ruby と Mojo, Python, Perl, Php を追加しました。
• 2024/04/12: Ada, V を追加しました。
• 2024/04/12: Haxe を追加しました。コンパイルオプションを変えました。
• 2024/04/11: Dart と Lua を追加しました。
• 2024/04/10: F# と Pascal, Koka を追加しました。

環境

• ハードウェア: Raspberry Pi 5
  • メモリ: 8 GB
  • ストレージ: M.2 SSD 512 GB
• OS: Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS (64-bit)

結果

グラフ

全体

このグラフだけ横軸を対数にしています。

処理時間 0 ~ 30 秒

処理時間 3 ~ 8 秒

表

結果

言語	ビルド	時間
Ada	gnat make -o tarai2 tarai2.adb	11.87
Ada	gnat make -O1 -o tarai2 tarai2.adb	7.93
Ada	gnat make -O2 -o tarai2 tarai2.adb	6.16
Ada	gnat make -O3 -o tarai2 tarai2.adb	4.13
Algol	a68g tarai2.alg	684.82
Ante	ante -b tarai2.an	36.47
Ante	ante -b -O1 tarai2.an	28.23
Ante	ante -b -O2 tarai2.an	28.31
Ante	ante -b -O3 tarai2.an	28.26
ArkScript	arkscript tarai2.ark	1253.70
Austral	austral compile tarai2.aum --entrypoint=Tarai:main --output=a.out	23.53
Ballerina	bal build tarai2.bal	17.16
C	gcc tarai2.c -lm	8.74
C	gcc -Ofast tarai2.c -lm	3.50
C	clang-18 tarai2.c -lm	11.40
C	clang-18 -Ofast tarai2.c -lm	5.88
C#	dotnet build	20.33
C#	dotnet publish	4.07
C++	g++ tarai2.cpp	8.75
C++	g++ -Ofast tarai2.cpp	3.51
C++	clang++-18 tarai2.cpp	11.40
C++	clang++-18 -Ofast tarai2.cpp	5.87
Clio	node .clio/index.js	16.58
Clio	bun .clio/index.js	20.08
Clojure	lein uberjar	18.64
Concurnas	concc tarai2.conc	32.22
Crystal	crystal run tarai2.cr	13.92
Crystal	crystal build tarai2.cr	7.81
Crystal	crystal build -O1 tarai2.cr	6.04
Crystal	crystal build -O2 tarai2.cr	6.46
Crystal	crystal build -O3 tarai2.cr	5.27
D	gdc tarai2.d	8.76
D	gdc -Ofast tarai2.d	3.47
D	ldc2 tarai2.d	9.24
D	ldc2 --O3 tarai2.d	5.74
Dart	dart run tarai2.dart	15.32
Dart	dart compile aot-snapshot tarai2.dart	9.24
Dart	dart compile exe tarai2.dart	9.23
Dart	dart compile jit-snapshot tarai2.dart	15.47
Dictu	dictu tarai2.du	165.56
Draco	dotnet build	21.41
Draco	dotnet publish	18.14
Effekt	effekt.sh -b tarai2.effekt	3132.74
Elixir	mix escript.build	13.69
Erlang	rebar3 escriptize	9.74
F#	dotnet build	12.86
F#	dotnet publish	7.01
Felix	flx -O3 tarai2.flx	3.34
Flix	flix build; flix build-jar	127.73
Fortran	gfortran -o a.out tarai2.f90	12.96
Fortran	gfortran -o a.out -Ofast tarai2.f90	3.99
Gauche	gosh tarai2.scm	120.25
Gleam	gleam build	12.32
Go	go build	6.33
Gravity	gravity tarai2.gravity	219.68
Groovy	groovy tarai2.groovy	35.59
Groovy	groovy --compile-static tarai2.groovy	8.46
Haskell	cabal build	9.48
Haskell	cabal v1-build	9.47
Haskell	cabal v2-build	9.47
Haxe	haxe --main Tarai2 --jvm Tarai2.jar	5.84
Haxe	haxe -D analyzer-optimize --main Tarai2 --jvm Tarai2.jar	4.85
Hy	hy tarai2.hy	188.38
Idris2	idris2 tarai2.idr -o a.out	76.96
Inko	inko build tarai2.inko	44.63
Inko	inko build --opt balanced tarai2.inko	44.61
Inko	inko build --opt aggressive tarai2.inko	9.84
Java	java Tarai2.java	6.46
Java	javac Tarai2.java	5.78
Javascript	node tarai2.js	19.76
Javascript	deno run tarai2.js	21.35
Javascript	bun tarai2.js	20.02
Julia	julia tarai2.ji	9.22
Julia	julia -O1 tarai2.ji	12.76
Julia	julia -O2 tarai2.ji	9.14
Julia	julia -O3 tarai2.ji	9.18
Julia	julia -O2 --min-optleve=1 tarai2.ji	9.27
Julia	julia -O2 --min-optleve=2 tarai2.ji	9.19
Julia	julia -O2 --min-optleve=3 tarai2.ji	9.29
Koka	koka -c -j4 -O3 -v0 -r tarai2.kk	10.86
Kotlin	kotlinc tarai2.kt -include-runtime -d tarai2.jar	5.80
LEAN4	lake build	12.86
Lisp	clisp tarai2.lsp	1493.17
Lisp	clisp -c tarai2.lsp	217.70
Lisp Flavored Erlang	rebar3 lfe escriptize	9.44
LiveScript	lsc tarai2.ls	20.57
Lobster	lobster --pak tarai2.lobster	190.05
Lua	lua tarai2.lua	90.40
Lua	luajit tarai2.lua	21.61
Mercury	mmc -o a.out tarai2.m	4.84
Mercury	mmc -O6 -o a.out tarai2.m	4.83
Mojo	mojo build -o a.out tarai2.mojo	5.78
Nelua	nelua tarai2.nelua	9.22
Nelua	nelua --release tarai2.nelua	5.21
Nelua	nelua --maximum-performance tarai2.nelua	3.78
Nim	nim c -d:release --opt:size --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim	9.84
Nim	nim cpp -d:release --opt:size --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim	7.71
Nim	nim c -d:release --opt:speed --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim	8.86
Nim	nim cpp -d:release --opt:speed --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim	6.00
Nit	nitc -o a.out tarai2.nit	7.71
Nit	nitc --release -o a.out tarai2.nit	7.71
Nit	nitc --no-check-all -o a.out tarai2.nit	7.55
OCaml	dune build	6.60
Odin	odin build tarai2.odin -file	10.94
Odin	odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -file	5.45
Odin	odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -no-bounds-check -file	5.45
Odin	odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -thread-count:4 -file	5.45
Odin	odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -no-bounds-check -thread-count:4 -file	5.45
Onyx	onyx run tarai2.onyx	12.66
Onyx	onyx build tarai2.onyx	12.52
Pascal	fpc tarai2.pas	12.95
Pascal	fpc -O4 tarai2.pas	9.41
Peregrine	peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -o a.out	12.46
Peregrine	peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -static -o a.out	12.43
Peregrine	peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -release -o a.out	5.98
Peregrine	peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -release -static -o a.out	6.02
Perl	perl tarai2.pl	1205.21
Php	php tarai2.php	98.05
Pike	pike tarai2.pike	259.16
Pinecone	pinecone tarai2.pn	3236.99
Poly/ML	polyc tarai2.ml	7.48
Pony	ponyc	6.00
Prolog	swipl -O -g main -o a.out -c tarai2.swi	383.11
Python	python tarai2.py	195.78
Python	pypy3 tarai2.py	132.17
R	Rscript tarai2.R	6884.97
Racket	racket tarai2.rkt	10.55
Racket	raco exe tarai2.rkt	10.55
Racket	raco make tarai2.rkt	10.54
Raku	raku tarai2.p6	1100.15
Reason	dune exec tarai2	6.66
Reason	dune build	6.60
Ring	ring2exe tarai2.ring -static	3447.47
Ruby	ruby --yjit tarai2.rb	28.79
Rune	target/release/rune run scripts/tarai2.rn	483.17
Rust	cargo build --release	5.74
Scala	scala src/main/scala/Tarai2.scala	9.27
Scala	sbt assembly	4.84
Seed7	s7c tarai2.sd7	11.86
Seed7	s7c -O3 tarai2.sd7	6.09
Seed7	s7c -O3 -oc3 tarai2.sd7	5.95
Sidef	sidef -O2 tarai2.sf	30761.01
Swift	swiftc -o a.out tarai2.swift	17.32
Swift	swiftc -O -o a.out tarai2.swift	5.94
Swift	swiftc -Ounchecked -o a.out tarai2.swift	6.23
V	v run tarai2.v	22.48
V	v -prod -cc gcc -skip-unused -manualfree -prealloc -gc none -no-bounds-checking -o a.out tarai2.v	3.46
V	v -prod -cc clang-18 -skip-unused -manualfree -prealloc -gc none -no-bounds-checking -o a.out tarai2.v	5.88
Vala	valac -o a.out tarai2.vala	11.63
Zig	zig build-exe tarai2.zig	11.76
Zig	zig build-exe -OReleaseFast tarai2.zig	5.73
Zig	zig build-exe -OReleaseSafe tarai2.zig	5.16
Zig	zig build-exe -OReleaseSmall tarai2.zig	6.08

言語のバージョン

言語	バージョン
Ada	GNAT 13.2.0
Alogl	Algol 68 Genie 3.1.2
Ante	ante 0.1.1
ArkScript	4.0.0-71920056
Austral	0.2.0
Ballerina	Ballerina 2201.9.2 (Swan Lake Update 9) Language specification 2024R1 Update Tool 1.4.2
Ballerina	java 22.0.1 2024-04-16 Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
C	gcc (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
C	Ubuntu clang version 18.1.3 (1ubuntu1)
C#	8.0.303
C++	g++ (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
C++	Ubuntu clang version 18.1.3 (1ubuntu1)
Clio	0.12.0
Clojure	Leiningen 2.11.2 on Java 22.0.1 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
Concurnas	Welcome to Concurnas 1.14.020 (OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, Java 11.0.23).
Crystal	Crystal 1.13.1 [0cef61e51] (2024-07-12)
D	gdc (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
D	LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.36.0):
Dart	Dart SDK version: 3.4.4 (stable) (Wed Jun 12 15:54:31 2024 +0000) on "linux_arm64"
Dictu	Dictu Version: 0.29.0
Draco	8.0.303
Effekt	v0.2.2
Elixir	Elixir 1.17.2 (compiled with Erlang/OTP 27)
Elixir	Mix 1.17.2 (compiled with Erlang/OTP 27)
Erlang	rebar 3.23.0+build.5413.ref4ca95a1e on Erlang/OTP 27 Erts 15.0.1
F#	8.0.303
Felix	version 2019.01.06
Flix	The Flix Programming Language 0.48.0
Fortran	GNU Fortran (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
Gauche	Gauche scheme shell, version 0.9.15 [utf-8,pthreads], aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Gleam	gleam 1.3.2
Go	go version go1.22.5 linux/arm64
Gravity	Gravity version 0.8.5 (Aug 13 2024)
Groovy	Groovy Version: 4.0.22 JVM: 22.0.1 Vendor: Oracle Corporation OS: Linux
Haskell	The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 9.10.1
Haxe	4.3.3
Haxe	java 22.0.1 2024-04-16 Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
Hy	hy 0.29.0
Idris2	Idris 2, version 0.7.0
Inko	inko 0.15.0
Java	java 22.0.1 2024-04-16 Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
Javascript	node --version v22.5.1
Javascript	deno 1.45.4 (release, aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu) v8 12.7.224.13 typescript 5.5.2
Javascript	bun --version 1.1.20
Julia	julia version 1.10.4
Koka	Koka 3.1.2, 23:10:17 Jun 7 2024 (ghc release version)
kotlin	Kotlin version 2.0.0-release-341 (JRE 22.0.1+8-16)
LEAN4	Lean (version 4.8.0, aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, commit df668f00e6c0, Release)
LEAN4	Lake version 5.0.0-df668f0 (Lean version 4.8.0)
Lisp	GNU CLISP 2.49.93+ (2018-02-18) (built on bos01-arm64-038.buildd [127.0.1.1])
Lisp Flavored Erlang	LFE v2.1.4
LiveScript	LiveScript version 1.6.0
Lobster	Lobster programming language compiler/runtime (version 2024-07-17T15:17:09-07:00|ea01a900)
Lua	Lua 5.4.6 Copyright (C) 1994-2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio
Lua	LuaJIT 2.1.1703358377 -- Copyright (C) 2005-2023 Mike Pall. https://luajit.org/
Mercury	Mercury Compiler, version 22.01.8, on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Mojo	mojo 24.4.0 (2cb57382)
Nelua	Nelua 0.2.0-dev Build number: 1617
Nim	Nim Compiler Version 2.0.8 [Linux: arm64]
Nit	v0.8-3697-ge8e9cca96
OCaml	The OCaml toplevel, version 5.2.0
Odin	odin version dev-2024-07:0bb4cc6ce
Onyx	Onyx toolchain version v0.1.12
Pascal	Free Pascal Compiler version 3.2.2+dfsg-32 [2024/01/05] for aarch64
Peregrine	Peregrine Compiler (C) The Peregrine Organisation, MPL-2.0
Perl	This is perl 5, version 40, subversion 0 (v5.40.0) built for aarch64-linux
Php	PHP 8.3.9 (cli) (built: Jul 21 2024 05:51:48) (NTS)
Pike	Pike v8.0 release 1738 Copyright © 1994-2022 Linköping University
Pinecone	Pinecone version 0.5.1
Poly/ML	Poly/ML 5.9.1 Release RTS version: Arm64-5.9.1 (Git version v5.9.1-64-ga71e81c1)
Pony	0.58.5-da2b0322 [release]
Prolog	SWI-Prolog version 9.0.4 for aarch64-linux
Python	Python 3.12.4
Python	Python 3.9.18 (7.3.15+dfsg-1build3, Mar 31 2024, 07:19:21) [PyPy 7.3.15 with GCC 13.2.0]
R	R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14) -- "Race for Your Life"
Racket	Welcome to Racket v8.13 [cs].
Raku	Welcome to Rakudo™ v2022.12.
Reason	Reason 3.11.0 @
Ring	Ring version 1.21
Ruby	ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [aarch64-linux]
Rune	The Rune Language Interpreter git-812da733
Rust	rustc 1.80.0 (051478957 2024-07-21)
Scala	Scala code runner version 3.4.2 -- Copyright 2002-2024, LAMP/EPFL
Scala	sbt script version: 1.10.0
Scala	java 22.0.1 2024-04-16 Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
Seed7	SEED7 COMPILER Version 3.2.50 Copyright (c) 1990-2023 Thomas Mertes
Sidef	Sidef 24.05
Swift	Swift version 5.10.1 (swift-5.10.1-RELEASE) Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
V	V 0.4.7 52fe7c0
Vala	Vala 0.56.16
Zig	0.13.0

実測

Ada

Sun Jul 14 14:34:05 JST 2024

tarai2.adb

with Ada.Text_IO;	use Ada.Text_IO;

procedure Tarai2 is
	function tarai(x, y, z: Integer) return Integer is
	begin
		if x <= y then
			return y;
		end if;
		return tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y));
	end tarai;

begin
	Put_Line(Integer'Image(tarai(15, 5, 0)));
end Tarai2;

$ gnat --version
GNAT 13.2.0
Copyright (C) 1996-2023, Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ gnatclean switches tarai2; gnat make -o tarai2 tarai2.adb; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
"./tarai2.ali" has been deleted
"./tarai2.o" has been deleted
"tarai2" has been deleted
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 -c tarai2.adb
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatbind-13 -x tarai2.ali
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatlink-13 tarai2.ali -o tarai2
 15
real:11.87[sec]_user:11.86[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3584[KB]
$ gnatclean switches tarai2; gnat make -O1 -o tarai2 tarai2.adb; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
"./tarai2.ali" has been deleted
"./tarai2.o" has been deleted
"tarai2" has been deleted
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 -c -O1 tarai2.adb
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatbind-13 -x tarai2.ali
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatlink-13 tarai2.ali -O1 -o tarai2
 15
real:7.93[sec]_user:7.92[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3584[KB]
$ gnatclean switches tarai2; gnat make -O2 -o tarai2 tarai2.adb; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
"./tarai2.ali" has been deleted
"./tarai2.o" has been deleted
"tarai2" has been deleted
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 -c -O2 tarai2.adb
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatbind-13 -x tarai2.ali
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatlink-13 tarai2.ali -O2 -o tarai2
 15
real:6.16[sec]_user:6.15[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3584[KB]
$ gnatclean switches tarai2; gnat make -O3 -o tarai2 tarai2.adb; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
"./tarai2.ali" has been deleted
"./tarai2.o" has been deleted
"tarai2" has been deleted
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 -c -O3 tarai2.adb
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatbind-13 -x tarai2.ali
aarch64-linux-gnu-gnatlink-13 tarai2.ali -O3 -o tarai2
 15
real:4.13[sec]_user:4.13[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3584[KB]

Algol

Sun Jul 14 16:48:55 JST 2024
$ a68g --pretty-print tarai2.alg

tarai2.alg.f

PROC tarai = (INT i, j, k) INT:
     IF i <= j
     THEN j
     ELSE tarai (tarai (i - 1, j, k), tarai (j - 1, k, i), tarai (k - 1, i, j))
     FI;
print ((tarai (15, 5, 0), new line))

$ a68g -v
Algol 68 Genie 3.1.2
Copyright 2001-2023 Marcel van der Veer <[e-mail]>.

This is free software covered by the GNU General Public License.
There is ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY for Algol 68 Genie;
not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.

Please report bugs to Marcel van der Veer <[e-mail]>.

With compilation support
     C compiler is gcc
With parallel-clause support
With TCP/IP support
GNU libc version glibc 2.39
GNU libpthread version NPTL 2.39
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] a68g tarai2.alg
        +15
real:684.82[sec]_user:684.61[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:20224[KB]

Ante

Sat Jul 20 13:32:22 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.an

tarai x y z =
    if x <= y then y
    else tarai ( tarai (x - 1) y z ) ( tarai (y - 1) z x ) ( tarai (z - 1) x y )

print (tarai 15 5 0)

$ ante --version
ante 0.1.1
$ rm -rf tarai2; ante -b tarai2.an; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:36.47[sec]_user:36.46[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; ante -b -O1 tarai2.an; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:28.23[sec]_user:28.22[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; ante -b -O2 tarai2.an; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:28.31[sec]_user:28.31[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; ante -b -O3 tarai2.an; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:28.26[sec]_user:28.25[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]

ArkScript

Thu Aug  8 10:09:15 JST 2024
$ arkscript --format tarai2.ark

tarai2.ark

(let tarai (fun (x y z)
    (if (<= x y)
      y
      (tarai (tarai (- x 1) y z) (tarai (- y 1) z x) (tarai (- z 1) x y)))))

(print (tarai 15 5 0))

$ arkscript --version
4.0.0-71920056
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] arkscript tarai2.ark
15
real:1253.70[sec]_user:1253.33[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:5120[KB]

Austral

Sat Jul 20 13:39:56 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.aum

module body Tarai is
    function tarai(x: Int32, y: Int32, z: Int32): Int32 is
        if x <= y then
            return y;
        else
            return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
        end if;
    end;
    
    function main(): ExitCode is
        printLn(tarai(15, 5, 0));
        return ExitSuccess();
    end;
end module body.

$ austral --version
0.2.0
$ rm -rf a.out; austral compile tarai2.aum --entrypoint=Tarai:main --output=a.out; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:23.53[sec]_user:23.52[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1280[KB]

Ballerina

Sun Jul 14 09:19:52 JST 2024
$ bal format tarai2.bal
no changes.

tarai2.bal

import ballerina/io;

public function tarai(int x, int y, int z) returns int {
    if x <= y {
        return y;
    }
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

public function main() {
    io:println(tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ bal -v
Ballerina 2201.9.2 (Swan Lake Update 9)
Language specification 2024R1
Update Tool 1.4.2
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ rm -rf tarai2.jar; bal build tarai2.bal; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar tarai2.jar
Compiling source
	tarai2.bal

Generating executable
	tarai2.jar
15
real:17.16[sec]_user:17.37[sec]_sys:0.11[sec]_Memory:65456[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ bal -v
Ballerina 2201.9.2 (Swan Lake Update 9)
Language specification 2024R1
Update Tool 1.4.2
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ rm -rf tarai2.jar; bal build tarai2.bal; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar tarai2.jar
Compiling source
	tarai2.bal

Generating executable
	tarai2.jar
15
real:15.33[sec]_user:15.54[sec]_sys:0.09[sec]_Memory:63164[KB]

C

Fri Jul  5 14:22:37 JST 2024
$ clang-format-18 -i tarai2.c

tarai2.c

#include <stdio.h>

int tarai(int x, int y, int z) {
  if (x <= y) {
    return y;
  }
  return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

int main(void) {
  printf("%d\n", tarai(15, 5, 0));

  return 0;
}

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ rm -rf a.out; gcc tarai2.c -lm; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:8.74[sec]_user:8.73[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1280[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; gcc -Ofast tarai2.c -lm; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:3.50[sec]_user:3.50[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1280[KB]
$ clang-18 --version
Ubuntu clang version 18.1.3 (1ubuntu1)
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
$ rm -rf a.out; clang-18 tarai2.c -lm; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:11.40[sec]_user:11.39[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1408[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; clang-18 -Ofast tarai2.c -lm; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:5.88[sec]_user:5.87[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1408[KB]

C#

Sat Jul 27 15:52:31 JST 2024
$ dotnet format style

Program.cs

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp {
  class Program {
    static int tarai(int x, int y, int z) {
      if (x <= y) {
        return y;
      } else {
        return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
      }
    }
    static void Main() {
      Console.WriteLine(tarai(15, 5, 0));
    }
  }
}

$ dotnet --version
8.0.303
$ dotnet clean; dotnet build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dotnet run
Build started 07/27/2024 15:52:39.

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.74
  Determining projects to restore...
  All projects are up-to-date for restore.
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:02.04
15
real:20.33[sec]_user:22.41[sec]_sys:0.56[sec]_Memory:181080[KB]
$ dotnet clean; dotnet publish; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] bin/Release/net8.0/tarai2
Build started 07/27/2024 15:53:03.
     1>Project "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/tarai2.csproj" on node 1 (Clean target(s)).
     1>CoreClean:
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.deps.json".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.runtimeconfig.json".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.pdb".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.GeneratedMSBuildEditorConfig.editorconfig".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.AssemblyInfoInputs.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.AssemblyInfo.cs".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.csproj.CoreCompileInputs.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/refint/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.pdb".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.genruntimeconfig.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/ref/tarai2.dll".
     1>Done Building Project "$HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/tarai2.csproj" (Clean target(s)).

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.73
  Determining projects to restore...
  All projects are up-to-date for restore.
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Release/net8.0/tarai2.dll
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/cs/tarai2/bin/Release/net8.0/publish/
15
real:4.07[sec]_user:4.04[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:27528[KB]

C++

Fri Jul  5 15:00:32 JST 2024
$ clang-format-18 -i tarai2.cpp

tarai2.cpp

#include <iostream>

int tarai(int x, int y, int z) {
  if (x <= y) {
    return y;
  }
  return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

int main() {
  std::cout << tarai(15, 5, 0) << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ rm -rf a.out; g++ tarai2.cpp; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:8.75[sec]_user:8.75[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3072[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; g++ -Ofast tarai2.cpp; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:3.51[sec]_user:3.50[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3072[KB]
$ clang++-18 --version
Ubuntu clang version 18.1.3 (1ubuntu1)
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
$ rm -rf a.out; clang++-18 tarai2.cpp; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:11.40[sec]_user:11.40[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3072[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; clang++-18 -Ofast tarai2.cpp; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:5.87[sec]_user:5.86[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3072[KB]

Clio

Sat Aug 10 17:47:41 JST 2024
$ 

src/main.clio

fn tarai x y z:
  if x <= y: y
  else: tarai (tarai x - 1 y z) (tarai y - 1 z x) (tarai z - 1 x y)

export fn main argv:
  tarai 15 5 0 -> console.log

$ clio --version
0.12.0
$ node --version
v22.5.1
$ rm -rf build; clio build; cd build
Info: Compiling from "clio.toml"
Info: Creating build for target "js"
✔ Compiling from source...
✔ Copying over the resource files...
✔ Adding Clio start script...
✔ Installing npm dependencies (this may take a while)...
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] node .clio/index.js
15
real:16.58[sec]_user:17.63[sec]_sys:0.25[sec]_Memory:160508[KB]
$ bun --version
1.1.20
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] bun .clio/index.js
[bun] Warning: async_hooks.createHook is not implemented in Bun. Hooks can still be created but will never be called.
15
real:20.08[sec]_user:20.74[sec]_sys:0.23[sec]_Memory:173260[KB]

Clojure

Sun Jul 14 09:31:56 JST 2024
$ cljfmt src/tarai2/core.clj

src/tarai2/core.clj

(ns tarai2.core
  (:gen-class))

(defn tarai [x y z]
  (do
    (if (<= x y)
      y
      (tarai
       (tarai (- x 1) y z)
       (tarai (- y 1) z x)
       (tarai (- z 1) x y)))))

(defn -main
  [& args]
  (prn (tarai 15 5 0)))

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ lein --version
Leiningen 2.11.2 on Java 22.0.1 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ lein clean; lein uberjar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar ./target/uberjar/tarai2-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT-standalone.jar
Compiling tarai2.core
Created $HOME/workspace/clojure/tarai2/target/uberjar/tarai2-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
Created $HOME/workspace/clojure/tarai2/target/uberjar/tarai2-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT-standalone.jar
15
real:18.64[sec]_user:19.40[sec]_sys:0.16[sec]_Memory:83488[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ clojure --help | head
./tarai2_clojure.sh: line 38: clojure: command not found
$ lein --version
Leiningen 2.11.2 on Java 17.0.11 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ lein clean; lein uberjar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar ./target/uberjar/tarai2-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT-standalone.jar
Compiling tarai2.core
Created $HOME/workspace/clojure/tarai2/target/uberjar/tarai2-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
Created $HOME/workspace/clojure/tarai2/target/uberjar/tarai2-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT-standalone.jar
15
real:17.77[sec]_user:18.78[sec]_sys:0.17[sec]_Memory:84020[KB]

Concurnas

Sun Jul 14 09:36:12 JST 2024

tarai2.conc

def tarai(x int, y int, z int) int {
  if (x > y) {
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  }  
  return y
}

System.out.println(tarai(15, 5, 0))!

$ sdk use java 11.0.23-amzn

Using java version 11.0.23-amzn in this shell.
$ java --version
openjdk 11.0.23 2024-04-16 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-11.0.23.9.1 (build 11.0.23+9-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-11.0.23.9.1 (build 11.0.23+9-LTS, mixed mode)
$ concc tarai2.conc; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] conc tarai2
Finished compilation of: $HOME/workspace/concurnas/tarai2/tarai2.conc -> $HOME/workspace/concurnas/tarai2/tarai2$tarai2$$Lambda0.class [tarai2$tarai2$$Lambda0], $HOME/workspace/concurnas/tarai2/tarai2.class [tarai2]

15

real:32.22[sec]_user:41.76[sec]_sys:0.85[sec]_Memory:201320[KB]

Crystal

Fri Jul 19 22:57:26 JST 2024
$ crystal tool format src/tarai2.cr
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal

src/tarai2.cr

module Tarai2
  def tarai(x : Int32, y : Int32, z : Int32)
    if x <= y
      return y
    end
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  end
end

include Tarai2

puts tarai(15, 5, 0)

$ crystal --version
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal
Crystal 1.13.1 [0cef61e51] (2024-07-12)

The compiler was not built in release mode.

LLVM: 18.1.3
Default target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] crystal run src/tarai2.cr
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal
15
real:13.92[sec]_user:15.54[sec]_sys:1.10[sec]_Memory:278528[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; crystal build src/tarai2.cr; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal
15
real:7.81[sec]_user:7.81[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2944[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; crystal build -O1 src/tarai2.cr; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal
15
real:6.04[sec]_user:6.04[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2688[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; crystal build -O2 src/tarai2.cr; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal
15
real:6.46[sec]_user:6.45[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2688[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; crystal build -O3 src/tarai2.cr; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Using compiled compiler at $HOME/.crystal/.build/crystal
15
real:5.27[sec]_user:5.27[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2816[KB]

D

Thu Jul 11 00:33:57 JST 2024
$ dfmt -i tarai2.d

tarai2.d

import std.stdio;

int tarai(int x, int y, int z)
{
    if (x <= y)
        return y;
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

void main()
{
    writeln(tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

$ gdc --version
gdc (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ rm -rf tarai2; gdc -o tarai2 tarai2.d; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:8.76[sec]_user:8.75[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:6144[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; gdc -Ofast -o tarai2 tarai2.d; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:3.47[sec]_user:3.47[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:6144[KB]
$ ldc2 --version | head
LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.36.0):
  based on DMD v2.106.1 and LLVM 17.0.6
  built with LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.36.0)
  Default target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
  Host CPU: cortex-a76
  http://dlang.org - http://wiki.dlang.org/LDC


  Registered Targets:
    aarch64     - AArch64 (little endian)
$ rm -rf tarai2; ldc2 tarai2.d; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:9.24[sec]_user:9.23[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:5376[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; ldc2 --O3 tarai2.d; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.74[sec]_user:5.73[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:5376[KB]

Dart

Sat Jul 20 13:17:24 JST 2024
$ dart format tarai2.dart
Formatted 1 file (0 changed) in 0.21 seconds.

tarai2.dart

int tarai(int x, int y, int z) {
  if (x <= y) {
    return y;
  }
  return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

main() {
  print(tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

$ dart --version
Dart SDK version: 3.4.4 (stable) (Wed Jun 12 15:54:31 2024 +0000) on "linux_arm64"
$ dart --disable-analytics
Analytics reporting disabled. In order to enable it, run: dart --enable-analytics
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dart run tarai2.dart
15
real:15.32[sec]_user:15.52[sec]_sys:0.25[sec]_Memory:153168[KB]
$ dart compile aot-snapshot tarai2.dart; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dartaotruntime tarai2.aot
Generated: $HOME/workspace/dart/tarai2/tarai2.aot
15
real:9.24[sec]_user:9.23[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:5632[KB]
$ dart compile exe tarai2.dart; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2.exe
Generated: $HOME/workspace/dart/tarai2/tarai2.exe
15
real:9.23[sec]_user:9.22[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:5760[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dart compile jit-snapshot tarai2.dart
Compiling tarai2.dart to jit-snapshot file tarai2.jit.
15
real:15.47[sec]_user:15.76[sec]_sys:0.33[sec]_Memory:160884[KB]

Dictu

Sun Aug 11 13:13:30 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.du

def tarai(x, y, z) {
    if (x <= y)
        return y;
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

print(tarai(15, 5, 0));

$ dictu --version
Dictu Version: 0.29.0
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dictu tarai2.du
15
real:165.56[sec]_user:165.51[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:8576[KB]

Draco

Mon Aug 12 12:11:10 JST 2024
$ 

main.draco

import System.Console;

func main() {
    WriteLine(tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

func tarai(x: int32, y: int32, z: int32): int32 =
    if (x <= y) y
    else tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));

$ dotnet --version
8.0.303
$ dotnet clean; dotnet build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dotnet run
Build started 08/12/2024 12:11:11.

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.77
  Determining projects to restore...
  All projects are up-to-date for restore.
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:02.90
15
real:21.41[sec]_user:22.88[sec]_sys:0.54[sec]_Memory:177756[KB]
$ dotnet clean; dotnet publish; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] bin/Release/net8.0/tarai2
Build started 08/12/2024 12:11:36.
     1>Project "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/tarai2.dracoproj" on node 1 (Clean target(s)).
     1>CoreClean:
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.deps.json".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.runtimeconfig.json".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.pdb".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dracoproj.CoreCompileInputs.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.pdb".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.genruntimeconfig.cache".
     1>Done Building Project "$HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/tarai2.dracoproj" (Clean target(s)).

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.75
  Determining projects to restore...
  All projects are up-to-date for restore.
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Release/net8.0/tarai2.dll
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/draco/tarai2/bin/Release/net8.0/publish/
15
real:18.14[sec]_user:18.10[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:27392[KB]

Effekt

tarai2.effekt

def tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int): Int =
  if (x <= y) { y } else {
    tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y));
  }

def main() = {
  println(tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

$ rm -rf out; effekt.sh -b tarai2.effekt; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./out/tarai2
15
real:3132.74[sec]_user:3129.94[sec]_sys:5.82[sec]_Memory:116320[KB]

Elixir

Tue Jul 16 23:39:27 JST 2024
$ mix format lib/tarai2.ex

lib/tarai2.ex

defmodule Tarai2 do
  def tarai(x, y, z) do
    if x <= y do
      y
    else
      tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
    end
  end

  def main(_) do
    IO.puts(Tarai2.tarai(15, 5, 0))
  end
end

$ elixir --version
Erlang/OTP 27 [erts-15.0.1] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:1] [jit]

Elixir 1.17.2 (compiled with Erlang/OTP 27)
$ mix --version
Erlang/OTP 27 [erts-15.0.1] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:1] [jit]

Mix 1.17.2 (compiled with Erlang/OTP 27)
$ rm -rf tarai2; mix clean; mix escript.build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Compiling 1 file (.ex)
Generated tarai2 app
Generated escript tarai2 with MIX_ENV=dev
15
real:13.69[sec]_user:13.56[sec]_sys:0.29[sec]_Memory:70552[KB]

Erlang

Wed Jul 17 00:40:10 JST 2024
$ efmt -w src/tarai2.erl
[2024-07-16T15:40:10Z INFO  efmt] All files were formatted correctly!

src/tarai2.erl

-module(tarai2).

-export([main/1]).


main(_) ->
    io:format("~p~n", [tarai(15, 5, 0)]),
    erlang:halt(0).


tarai(X, Y, _) when X =< Y -> Y;
tarai(X, Y, Z) -> tarai(tarai(X - 1, Y, Z), tarai(Y - 1, Z, X), tarai(Z - 1, X, Y)).

$ rebar3 --version
rebar 3.23.0+build.5413.ref4ca95a1e on Erlang/OTP 27 Erts 15.0.1
$ rebar3 escriptize; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./_build/default/bin/tarai2
===> Verifying dependencies...
===> Analyzing applications...
===> Compiling tarai2
===> Building escript for tarai2...
15
real:9.74[sec]_user:9.60[sec]_sys:0.26[sec]_Memory:55540[KB]

F#

Sat Jul 27 15:57:15 JST 2024
$ dotnet fantomas Program.fs
Program.fs was unchanged.

Program.fs

let rec tarai x y z =
    if x <= y then
        y
    else
        tarai (tarai (x - 1) y z) (tarai (y - 1) z x) (tarai (z - 1) x y)

printfn "%d" (tarai 15 5 0)

$ dotnet --version
8.0.303
$ dotnet clean; dotnet build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dotnet run
Build started 07/27/2024 15:57:17.

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.73
  Determining projects to restore...
  Restored $HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/tarai2.fsproj (in 1.1 sec).
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:04.70
15
real:12.86[sec]_user:13.74[sec]_sys:0.39[sec]_Memory:173820[KB]
$ dotnet clean; dotnet publish; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] bin/Release/net8.0/tarai2
Build started 07/27/2024 15:57:36.
     1>Project "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/tarai2.fsproj" on node 1 (Clean target(s)).
     1>CoreClean:
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.deps.json".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.runtimeconfig.json".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.pdb".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/FSharp.Core.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/cs/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/de/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/es/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/fr/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/it/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/ja/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/ko/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/pl/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/pt-BR/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/ru/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/tr/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/zh-Hans/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Debug/net8.0/zh-Hant/FSharp.Core.resources.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.fsproj.AssemblyReference.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.AssemblyInfoInputs.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.AssemblyInfo.fs".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.fsproj.CoreCompileInputs.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.fsproj.Up2Date".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/refint/tarai2.dll".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.pdb".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/tarai2.genruntimeconfig.cache".
         Deleting file "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/obj/Debug/net8.0/ref/tarai2.dll".
     1>Done Building Project "$HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/tarai2.fsproj" (Clean target(s)).

Build succeeded.
    0 Warning(s)
    0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.75
  Determining projects to restore...
  All projects are up-to-date for restore.
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Release/net8.0/tarai2.dll
  tarai2 -> $HOME/workspace/fs/tarai2/bin/Release/net8.0/publish/
15
real:7.01[sec]_user:6.97[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:32528[KB]

Felix

tarai2.flx

fun tarai(x:int, y:int, z:int) = {
  if (x <= y) do
    return y;
  done
  return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
};

println $ tarai(15, 5, 0);

$ flx --version
version 2019.01.06
$ flx --clean; flx -O3 tarai2.flx; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] flx -O3 tarai2.flx
Delete cache $HOME/.felix/cache/text
Delete cache $HOME/.felix/cache/binary
Cache may be out of date due to grammar upgrade!
Grammar time stamp          =1713770014.000
Automaton.syntax time stamp =BIG BANG
Delete cache $HOME/.felix/cache/text
Delete cache $HOME/.felix/cache/binary
Can't load automaton '$HOME/.felix/cache/binary/usr/local/lib/felix/felix-2019.01.06/share/lib/grammar/grammar.files/syntax.automaton'from disk: building!
Opening syntax extensions $HOME/felix/src/packages/grammar.fdoc: line 4731, cols 1 to 19
Parsed open of syntax extensions felix
Setting automaton
Automaton set
Trying to store automaton $HOME/.felix/cache/binary/usr/local/lib/felix/felix-2019.01.06/share/lib/grammar/grammar.files/syntax.automaton
Saved automaton to disk.
Binding library std

binding library std done
Exports = 0
** BEGIN ** Calculating Function type for function tarai index 78537
15
15
real:3.34[sec]_user:3.32[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:23552[KB]

Flix

Wed Jul 31 20:16:58 JST 2024
$ 

src/Main.flix

def main(): Unit \ IO =
    println(tarai(15, 5, 0))

def tarai(x: Int32, y: Int32, z: Int32): Int32 =
    if (x <= y) y
    else tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ flix --version
The Flix Programming Language 0.48.0
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ flix build; flix build-jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar artifact/tarai2.jar src/Main.flix
Found `flix.toml`. Checking dependencies...
ANTLR Tool version 4.11.1 used for code generation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
ANTLR Runtime version 4.11.1 used for parser compilation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
ANTLR Tool version 4.11.1 used for code generation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
ANTLR Runtime version 4.11.1 used for parser compilation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
Resolving Flix dependencies...
Downloading Flix dependencies...
Resolving Maven dependencies...
  Running Maven dependency resolver.
Downloading external jar dependencies...
Dependency resolution completed.
Found `flix.toml`. Checking dependencies...                                     
ANTLR Tool version 4.11.1 used for code generation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
ANTLR Runtime version 4.11.1 used for parser compilation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
ANTLR Tool version 4.11.1 used for code generation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
ANTLR Runtime version 4.11.1 used for parser compilation does not match the current runtime version 4.13.1
Resolving Flix dependencies...
Downloading Flix dependencies...
Resolving Maven dependencies...
  Running Maven dependency resolver.
Downloading external jar dependencies...
Dependency resolution completed.
15
real:127.73[sec]_user:128.31[sec]_sys:0.68[sec]_Memory:173264[KB]

Fortran

Sat Jul  6 20:08:32 JST 2024
$ fortran-linter tarai2.f90
$ fprettify tarai2.f90

tarai2.f90

recursive function tarai(x, y, z) result(ret)
   integer, intent(in) :: x, y, z
   integer :: ret

   if (x <= y) then
      ret = y
   else
      ret = tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
   end if
end function tarai

program main
   use, intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env
   integer :: tarai

   print *, tarai(15, 5, 0)
end program main

$ gfortran --version
GNU Fortran (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ rm -rf a.out; gfortran -o a.out tarai2.f90; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
          15
real:12.96[sec]_user:12.95[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1792[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; gfortran -o a.out -Ofast tarai2.f90; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
          15
real:3.99[sec]_user:3.98[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1792[KB]

Gauche

Mon Jul 15 12:45:38 JST 2024
$ cljfmt tarai2.scm

tarai2.scm

(define (tarai x y z)
  (if (<= x y)
    y
    (tarai
     (tarai (- x 1) y z)
     (tarai (- y 1) z x)
     (tarai (- z 1) x y))))

(define (main args)
  (print (tarai 15 5 0)))

$ gosh -V
Gauche scheme shell, version 0.9.15 [utf-8,pthreads], aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
(version "0.9.15")
(command "gosh")
(scheme.id gauche)
(languages scheme r5rs r7rs)
(encodings utf-8)
(website "https://practical-scheme.net/gauche")
(build.platform "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu")
(build.configure)
(scheme.path "/usr/local/share/gauche-0.98/site/lib" "/usr/local/share/gauche-0.98/0.9.15/lib")
(threads pthreads)
(gauche.net.tls mbedtls)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] gosh tarai2.scm
15
Command exited with non-zero status 70
real:120.25[sec]_user:120.21[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:15104[KB]

Gleam

Mon Jul 15 14:30:31 JST 2024
$ gleam format src/tarai2.gleam

src/tarai2.gleam

import gleam/io

pub fn main() {
  io.debug(tarai(15, 5, 0))
}

pub fn tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int) -> Int {
  case x <= y {
    True -> y
    _ -> tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  }
}

$ gleam --version
gleam 1.3.2
$ gleam clean; gleam build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] gleam run
Downloading packages
 Downloaded 2 packages in 0.01s
  Compiling gleam_stdlib
  Compiling gleeunit
  Compiling tarai2
   Compiled in 2.02s
   Compiled in 0.01s
    Running tarai2.main
=ERROR REPORT==== 15-Jul-2024::14:30:33.506839 ===
file:path_eval(["$HOME","$HOME/.config/erlang"],".erlang"): illegal operation on a directory

15
real:12.32[sec]_user:12.29[sec]_sys:0.14[sec]_Memory:62452[KB]

Go

Fri Jul  5 13:47:31 JST 2024
$ go fmt
main.go

main.go

package main

import "fmt"

func tarai(x, y, z int) int {
	if x <= y {
		return y
	}
	return tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y))
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println(tarai(15, 5, 0))
}

$ go version
go version go1.22.5 linux/arm64
$ rm -rf tarai2; go build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:6.33[sec]_user:6.33[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1664[KB]

Gravity

Tue Aug 13 15:28:10 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.gravity

func tarai(x, y, z) {
    if (x <= y) return y;
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

func main() {
    System.print(tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

$ gravity --version
Gravity version 0.8.5 (Aug 13 2024)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] gravity tarai2.gravity
15
RESULT: NULL (in 219683.5542 ms)

real:219.68[sec]_user:219.62[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2048[KB]

Groovy

Sun Jul 14 09:41:17 JST 2024
$ npm-groovy-lint --fix tarai2.groovy

npm-groovy-lint results in 1 linted files:
┌─────────┬───────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────────┐
│ (index) │ Severity  │ Total found │ Total fixed │ Total remaining │
├─────────┼───────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ 0       │ 'Error'   │ 0           │ 0           │ 0               │
│ 1       │ 'Warning' │ 0           │ 0           │ 0               │
│ 2       │ 'Info'    │ 0           │ 0           │ 0               │
└─────────┴───────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────────┘

tarai2.groovy

int tarai(int x, int y, int z) {
    if (x <= y) {
        y
    }
    else {
        tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
    }
}

public static void main(args) {
    println tarai(15, 5, 0)
}

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ groovy --version
Groovy Version: 4.0.22 JVM: 22.0.1 Vendor: Oracle Corporation OS: Linux
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy tarai2.groovy
15
real:35.59[sec]_user:39.41[sec]_sys:0.76[sec]_Memory:454056[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy --compile-static tarai2.groovy
15
real:8.46[sec]_user:12.55[sec]_sys:0.41[sec]_Memory:154196[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy --type-checked tarai2.groovy
15
real:36.95[sec]_user:42.17[sec]_sys:0.81[sec]_Memory:338200[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy --compile-static --type-checked tarai2.groovy
15
real:8.73[sec]_user:13.31[sec]_sys:0.44[sec]_Memory:165872[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ groovy --version
Groovy Version: 4.0.22 JVM: 17.0.11 Vendor: Oracle Corporation OS: Linux
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy tarai2.groovy
15
real:57.51[sec]_user:63.31[sec]_sys:0.84[sec]_Memory:245224[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy --compile-static tarai2.groovy
15
real:8.16[sec]_user:14.10[sec]_sys:0.54[sec]_Memory:198964[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy --type-checked tarai2.groovy
15
real:70.25[sec]_user:78.34[sec]_sys:0.99[sec]_Memory:274872[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] groovy --compile-static --type-checked tarai2.groovy
15
real:8.44[sec]_user:15.02[sec]_sys:0.63[sec]_Memory:208104[KB]

Haskell

Sat Jul 20 08:35:04 JST 2024
$ fourmolu -i app/Main.hs

app/Main.hs

{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}

module Main where

tarai :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
tarai x y z
    {-
    \| x <= y    = y
    -}
    | x `seq` y `seq` z `seq` x <= y = y
    | otherwise = tarai (tarai (x - 1) y z) (tarai (y - 1) z x) (tarai (z - 1) x y)

main :: IO ()
main = print $ tarai 15 5 0

$ ghc --version
The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 9.10.1
$ cabal clean; cabal build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] $HOME/workspace/haskell/tarai2/dist-newstyle/build/aarch64-linux/ghc-9.10.1/tarai2-0.1.0.0/x/tarai2/build/tarai2/tarai2
Resolving dependencies...
Build profile: -w ghc-9.10.1 -O1
In order, the following will be built (use -v for more details):
 - tarai2-0.1.0.0 (exe:tarai2) (first run)
Configuring executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
Preprocessing executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
Building executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( app/Main.hs, $HOME/workspace/haskell/tarai2/dist-newstyle/build/aarch64-linux/ghc-9.10.1/tarai2-0.1.0.0/x/tarai2/build/tarai2/tarai2-tmp/Main.o )
[2 of 2] Linking $HOME/workspace/haskell/tarai2/dist-newstyle/build/aarch64-linux/ghc-9.10.1/tarai2-0.1.0.0/x/tarai2/build/tarai2/tarai2
15
real:9.48[sec]_user:9.47[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:6272[KB]
$ cabal v1-clean; cabal v1-build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dist/build/tarai2/tarai2
cleaning...
Resolving dependencies...
Configuring tarai2-0.1.0.0...
Preprocessing executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
Building executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( app/Main.hs, dist/build/tarai2/tarai2-tmp/Main.o )
[2 of 2] Linking dist/build/tarai2/tarai2
15
real:9.47[sec]_user:9.47[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:6272[KB]
$ cabal v2-clean; cabal v2-build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] $HOME/workspace/haskell/tarai2/dist-newstyle/build/aarch64-linux/ghc-9.10.1/tarai2-0.1.0.0/x/tarai2/build/tarai2/tarai2
Resolving dependencies...
Build profile: -w ghc-9.10.1 -O1
In order, the following will be built (use -v for more details):
 - tarai2-0.1.0.0 (exe:tarai2) (first run)
Configuring executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
Preprocessing executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
Building executable 'tarai2' for tarai2-0.1.0.0...
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( app/Main.hs, $HOME/workspace/haskell/tarai2/dist-newstyle/build/aarch64-linux/ghc-9.10.1/tarai2-0.1.0.0/x/tarai2/build/tarai2/tarai2-tmp/Main.o )
[2 of 2] Linking $HOME/workspace/haskell/tarai2/dist-newstyle/build/aarch64-linux/ghc-9.10.1/tarai2-0.1.0.0/x/tarai2/build/tarai2/tarai2
15
real:9.47[sec]_user:9.47[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:6272[KB]

Haxe

Sun Jul 14 09:50:15 JST 2024
$ haxelib run formatter -s Tarai2.hx

Formatted 1 files in 0.03 s.
-------------------------
Input lines:  12
Output lines: 12
-------------------------

Tarai2.hx

class Tarai2 {
	static function tarai(x:Int, y:Int, z:Int):Int {
		if (x <= y)
			return y;
		return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
	}

	static public function main():Void {
		trace(tarai(15, 5, 0));
	}
}

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ haxe --version
4.3.3
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ rm -r Tarai2.jar; haxe --main Tarai2 --jvm Tarai2.jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar Tarai2.jar
Tarai2.hx:9: 15
real:5.84[sec]_user:5.82[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:36912[KB]
$ rm -r Tarai2.jar; haxe -D analyzer-optimize --main Tarai2 --jvm Tarai2.jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar Tarai2.jar
Tarai2.hx:9: 15
real:4.85[sec]_user:4.82[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:36784[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ haxe --version
4.3.3
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ rm -r Tarai2.jar; haxe --main Tarai2 --jvm Tarai2.jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar Tarai2.jar
Tarai2.hx:9: 15
real:4.61[sec]_user:4.58[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:35388[KB]
$ rm -r Tarai2.jar; haxe -D analyzer-optimize --main Tarai2 --jvm Tarai2.jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar Tarai2.jar
Tarai2.hx:9: 15
real:4.07[sec]_user:4.04[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:35516[KB]

Hy

Sat Jul 27 14:30:23 JST 2024
$ cljfmt tarai2.hy

tarai2.hy

(defn tarai [x y z]
  (if (<= x y)
    y
    (tarai
     (tarai (- x 1) y z)
     (tarai (- y 1) z x)
     (tarai (- z 1) x y))))

(print (tarai 15 5 0))

$ hy --version
hy 0.29.0
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] hy tarai2.hy
15
real:188.38[sec]_user:187.47[sec]_sys:0.74[sec]_Memory:22716[KB]

Idris2

Sat Jul 20 16:00:59 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.idr

module Main

tarai : Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
tarai x y z = if x <= y then y else tarai (tarai (x-1) y z) (tarai (y-1) z x) (tarai (z-1) x y)

main : IO ()
main = do
    putStrLn $ show $ tarai 15 5 0

$ idris2 --version
Idris 2, version 0.7.0
$ rm -rf build; idris2 tarai2.idr -o a.out; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./build/exec/a.out
15
real:76.96[sec]_user:76.88[sec]_sys:0.05[sec]_Memory:49024[KB]

Inko

Thu Jul 18 20:07:27 JST 2024
$ inko fmt tarai2.inko

tarai2.inko

import std.stdio (STDOUT)

fn tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int) -> Int {
  if x <= y {
    y
  } else {
    tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  }
}

class async Main {
  fn async main {
    STDOUT.new.print(tarai(15, 5, 0).to_string)
  }
}

$ inko --version
inko 0.15.0
$ rm -rf build; inko build tarai2.inko; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] build/tarai2
15
real:44.63[sec]_user:44.38[sec]_sys:0.30[sec]_Memory:2560[KB]
$ rm -rf build; inko build --opt balanced tarai2.inko; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] build/tarai2
15
real:44.61[sec]_user:44.43[sec]_sys:0.23[sec]_Memory:2560[KB]
$ rm -rf build; inko build --opt aggressive tarai2.inko; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] build/aggressive/tarai2
15
real:9.84[sec]_user:9.60[sec]_sys:0.28[sec]_Memory:2432[KB]

Java

Sun Jul 14 09:57:40 JST 2024
$ clang-format-18 -i Tarai2.java

Tarai2.java

public class Tarai2 {
  static int tarai(int x, int y, int z) {
    if (x <= y)
      return y;
    else
      return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(tarai(15, 5, 0));
  }
}

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java Tarai2.java
15
real:6.46[sec]_user:7.06[sec]_sys:0.12[sec]_Memory:85816[KB]
$ javac Tarai2.java; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java Tarai2
15
real:5.78[sec]_user:5.75[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:35632[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java Tarai2.java
15
real:5.23[sec]_user:5.83[sec]_sys:0.11[sec]_Memory:81948[KB]
$ javac Tarai2.java; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java Tarai2
15
real:4.60[sec]_user:4.57[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:34688[KB]

Javascript

Sat Jul 27 15:03:46 JST 2024
$ npx prettier tarai2.js --write
tarai2.js 71ms (unchanged)

tarai2.js

function tarai(x, y, z) {
  if (x <= y) {
    return y;
  }
  return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

console.log(tarai(15, 5, 0));

$ node --version
v22.5.1
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] node tarai2.js
15
real:19.76[sec]_user:19.74[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:50688[KB]
$ deno --version
deno 1.45.4 (release, aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu)
v8 12.7.224.13
typescript 5.5.2
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] deno run tarai2.js
15
real:21.35[sec]_user:21.32[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:53336[KB]
$ bun --version
1.1.20
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] bun tarai2.js
15
real:20.02[sec]_user:20.00[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:41992[KB]

Julia

$ julia
               _
   _       _ _(_)_     |  Documentation: https://docs.julialang.org
  (_)     | (_) (_)    |
   _ _   _| |_  __ _   |  Type "?" for help, "]?" for Pkg help.
  | | | | | | |/ _` |  |
  | | |_| | | | (_| |  |  Version 1.10.4 (2024-06-04)
 _/ |\__'_|_|_|\__'_|  |  Official https://julialang.org/ release
|__/                   |

julia> using JuliaFormatter

julia> format("tarai2.jl")
true

julia> 

Fri Jul  5 15:26:01 JST 2024

tarai2.jl

function tarai(x, y, z)
    if x <= y
        y
    else
        tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
    end
end

println(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ julia --version
julia version 1.10.4
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia tarai2.jl
15
real:9.22[sec]_user:9.14[sec]_sys:0.14[sec]_Memory:238240[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia -O1 tarai2.jl
15
real:12.76[sec]_user:12.70[sec]_sys:0.12[sec]_Memory:236756[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia -O2 tarai2.jl
15
real:9.14[sec]_user:9.08[sec]_sys:0.13[sec]_Memory:238216[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia -O3 tarai2.jl
15
real:9.18[sec]_user:9.11[sec]_sys:0.13[sec]_Memory:238252[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia -O2 --min-optleve=1 tarai2.jl
15
real:9.27[sec]_user:9.21[sec]_sys:0.13[sec]_Memory:238208[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia -O2 --min-optleve=2 tarai2.jl
15
real:9.19[sec]_user:9.12[sec]_sys:0.14[sec]_Memory:238220[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] julia -O2 --min-optleve=3 tarai2.jl
15
real:9.29[sec]_user:9.22[sec]_sys:0.14[sec]_Memory:238256[KB]

Koka

tarai2.kk

fun tarai(x: int, y: int, z: int)
  if x <= y return y
  tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))

fun main()
  println(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ koka --version
Koka 3.1.2, 23:10:17 Jun  7 2024 (ghc release version)
version: 3.1.2
bin    : /usr/local/bin
lib    : /usr/local/lib/koka/v3.1.2
share  : /usr/local/share/koka/v3.1.2
output : .koka/v3.1.2/gcc-debug-536eb9
cc     : /usr/bin/gcc
Copyright 2019-2024, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen, and others.
This program is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty
of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
$ koka -c -j4 -O3 -v0 -r tarai2.kk; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] .koka/v3.1.2/gcc-drelease-7e22e4/tarai2__main
compile : kklib from: /usr/local/share/koka/v3.1.2/kklib
In file included from /usr/local/share/koka/v3.1.2/kklib/src/../mimalloc/src/static.c:35,
                 from /usr/local/share/koka/v3.1.2/kklib/src/all.c:23:
/usr/local/share/koka/v3.1.2/kklib/src/../mimalloc/src/segment.c: In function ‘mi_segment_span_free_coalesce’:
/usr/local/share/koka/v3.1.2/kklib/src/../mimalloc/src/segment.c:664:30: warning: ‘__atomic_load_8’ writing 8 bytes into a region of size 0 overflows the destination [-Wstringop-overflow=]
  664 |   const bool is_abandoned = (segment->thread_id == 0); // mi_segment_is_abandoned(segment);
      |                              ^~~~~~~
15
real:10.86[sec]_user:10.85[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1536[KB]

Kotlin

Sun Jul 14 10:02:05 JST 2024
$  ktlint -F Tarai2.kt

Tarai2.kt

fun tarai(
    x: Int,
    y: Int,
    z: Int,
): Int {
    if (x <= y) {
        return y
    }
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
}

fun main() {
    println(tarai(15, 5, 0))
}

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ kotlin -version
Kotlin version 2.0.0-release-341 (JRE 22.0.1+8-16)
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ rm -rf Tarai2.jar; kotlinc Tarai2.kt -include-runtime -d Tarai2.jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar Tarai2.jar
15
real:5.80[sec]_user:5.78[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:37936[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ kotlin -version
Kotlin version 2.0.0-release-341 (JRE 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ rm -rf Tarai2.jar; kotlinc Tarai2.kt -include-runtime -d Tarai2.jar; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar Tarai2.jar
15
real:4.61[sec]_user:4.59[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:36540[KB]

LEAN4

Main.lean

import «Tarai2»

def main : IO Unit := do
  let stdout ← IO.getStdout
  stdout.putStrLn s!"{tarai 15 5 0}"

Tarai2.lean

partial def tarai (x: Int) (y: Int) (z: Int) : Int :=
  if x <= y then
    y
  else
    tarai (tarai (x-1) y z) (tarai (y-1) z x) (tarai (z-1) x y)

$ lean --version
Lean (version 4.8.0, aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, commit df668f00e6c0, Release)
$ lake --version
Lake version 5.0.0-df668f0 (Lean version 4.8.0)
$ lake clean; lake build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./.lake/build/bin/tarai2
Build completed successfully.
15
real:12.86[sec]_user:12.85[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:8704[KB]

Lisp

Mon Jul 22 20:31:53 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.lsp

(defun tarai (x y z)
    (if (<= x y)
      y
      (tarai
        (tarai (- x 1) y z)
        (tarai (- y 1) z x)
        (tarai (- z 1) x y))))

(print (tarai 15 5 0))

$ clisp --version
GNU CLISP 2.49.93+ (2018-02-18) (built on bos01-arm64-038.buildd [127.0.1.1])
Software: GNU C 13.2.0 
gcc -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -ffile-prefix-map=/build/clisp-NOdkZY/clisp-2.49.20210628.gitde01f0f=. -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security -mbranch-protection=standard -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/clisp-NOdkZY/clisp-2.49.20210628.gitde01f0f=/usr/src/clisp-1:2.49.20210628.gitde01f0f-3.1build3 -no-integrated-cpp -W -Wswitch -Wcomment -Wpointer-arith -Wreturn-type -Wmissing-declarations -Wimplicit -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-shift-negative-value -O2 -fwrapv -fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -DNO_ASM -DENABLE_UNICODE -DDYNAMIC_FFI -DDYNAMIC_MODULES -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro  libgnu.a  -lreadline -lncurses -lffcall  -lsigsegv -lunistring  
SAFETY=0 HEAPCODES ONE_FREE_BIT_HEAPCODES WIDE_HARD SPVW_BLOCKS SPVW_MIXED TRIVIALMAP_MEMORY
libsigsegv 2.14
libreadline 8.2
libffcall 2.4
Features: 
(READLINE REGEXP WILDCARD SYSCALLS I18N LOOP COMPILER CLOS MOP CLISP ANSI-CL COMMON-LISP LISP=CL INTERPRETER LOGICAL-PATHNAMES
 SOCKETS GENERIC-STREAMS SCREEN FFI GETTEXT UNICODE BASE-CHAR=CHARACTER WORD-SIZE=64 UNIX)
C Modules: (clisp i18n syscalls regexp readline)
Installation directory: /usr/lib/clisp-2.49.93+/
User language: ENGLISH
Machine: AARCH64 (AARCH64) raspberrypi5 [127.0.1.1]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] clisp tarai2.lsp

15 
real:1493.17[sec]_user:1492.78[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:9088[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2.fas; clisp -c tarai2.lsp; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] clisp tarai2.fas
  i i i i i i i       ooooo    o        ooooooo   ooooo   ooooo
  I I I I I I I      8     8   8           8     8     o  8    8
  I  \ `+' /  I      8         8           8     8        8    8
   \  `-+-'  /       8         8           8      ooooo   8oooo
    `-__|__-'        8         8           8           8  8
        |            8     o   8           8     o     8  8
  ------+------       ooooo    8oooooo  ooo8ooo   ooooo   8

Welcome to GNU CLISP 2.49.93+ (2018-02-18) <http://clisp.org/>

Copyright (c) Bruno Haible, Michael Stoll 1992-1993
Copyright (c) Bruno Haible, Marcus Daniels 1994-1997
Copyright (c) Bruno Haible, Pierpaolo Bernardi, Sam Steingold 1998
Copyright (c) Bruno Haible, Sam Steingold 1999-2000
Copyright (c) Sam Steingold, Bruno Haible 2001-2018

Type :h and hit Enter for context help.

;; Compiling file $HOME/workspace/lisp/tarai2/tarai2.lsp ...
;; Wrote file $HOME/workspace/lisp/tarai2/tarai2.fas
0 errors, 0 warnings
Bye.

15 
real:217.70[sec]_user:217.64[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:8960[KB]

Lisp Flavored Erlang

Wed Jul 24 21:02:32 JST 2024
$ 

src/tarai2.lfe

(defmodule tarai2
  (export (main 1)))

(defun main (_)
  (lfe_io:format "~p~n" `(,(tarai 15 5 0)))
  (erlang:halt 0))

(defun tarai (x y z)
  (if (=< x y)
    y
    (tarai
     (tarai (- x 1) y z)
     (tarai (- y 1) z x)
     (tarai (- z 1) x y))))

$ rebar3 lfe escriptize; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./_build/default/bin/tarai2
===> Analyzing applications...
===> Compiling zipper
===> Compiling katana_code
===> Compiling ../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl failed
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:510:39: syntax error before: 'else'
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:655:34: syntax error before: 'else'

../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:492:30: function quickscan_form/1 undefined
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:624:10: function scan_form/2 undefined

../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:527:1: Warning: function kill_form/1 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:531:1: Warning: function quickscan_macros/1 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:534:1: Warning: function quickscan_macros/2 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:562:1: Warning: function quickscan_macros_1/3 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:570:1: Warning: function quick_macro_atom/1 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:573:1: Warning: function quick_macro_string/1 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:579:1: Warning: function skip_macro_args/1 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:584:1: Warning: function skip_macro_args/3 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:684:1: Warning: function build_info_string/2 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:689:1: Warning: function scan_macros/2 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:692:1: Warning: function scan_macros/3 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:731:1: Warning: function macro/5 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:734:1: Warning: function macro_call/6 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:749:1: Warning: function macro_atom/2 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:757:1: Warning: function parentheses/1 is unused
../../.cache/rebar3/plugins/katana_code/src/ktn_dodger.erl:763:1: Warning: function scan_macros_1/4 is unused

===> Errors loading plugin {rebar3_lint,"0.2.0"}. Run rebar3 with DEBUG=1 set to see errors.
===> Verifying dependencies...
===> Getting log of git repo failed in $HOME/workspace/lfe/tarai2. Falling back to version 0.0.0
===> Analyzing applications...
===> Compiling tarai2
===> Getting log of git repo failed in $HOME/workspace/lfe/tarai2. Falling back to version 0.0.0
===> Getting log of git repo failed in $HOME/workspace/lfe/tarai2. Falling back to version 0.0.0
===> Building escript for tarai2...
15
real:9.44[sec]_user:9.32[sec]_sys:0.26[sec]_Memory:54848[KB]

LiveScript

Fri Aug 16 12:47:47 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.ls

tarai = (x, y, z) ->
  if x <= y
    return y
  else
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))

console.log tarai(15, 5, 0)

$ lsc --version
LiveScript version 1.6.0
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] lsc tarai2.ls
15
real:20.57[sec]_user:20.55[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:57872[KB]

Lobster

Sat Jul 20 15:22:28 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.lobster

def tarai(x: int, y: int, z: int) -> int:
    if x <= y:
        return y
    return tarai( tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y))

print(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ rm -rf default.lpak
$ lobster | head
Lobster programming language compiler/runtime (version 2024-07-17T15:17:09-07:00|ea01a900)
no arguments given - cannot load default.lpak
Usage:
lobster [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ] [ -- ARGS ]
Compile & run FILE, or omit FILE to load default.lpak
--pak                  Compile to pakfile, don't run.
--cpp                  Compile to C++ code, don't run (see implementation.md!).
--import RELDIR        Additional dir (relative to FILE) to load imports from
--main MAIN            if present, run this main program file after compiling FILE.
--parsedump            Also dump parse tree.
$ lobster --pak tarai2.lobster; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] lobster --runtime-no-asserts tarai2.lobster
15
real:190.07[sec]_user:190.00[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:8644[KB]
$ lobster --pak tarai2.lobster; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] lobster
15
real:190.05[sec]_user:190.00[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:8628[KB]

Lua

Mon Jul 22 23:19:52 JST 2024
$ stylua tarai2.lua

tarai2.lua

local function tarai(x, y, z)
	if x <= y then
		return y
	else
		return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
	end
end

print(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ lua -v
Lua 5.4.6  Copyright (C) 1994-2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio
$ luajit -v
LuaJIT 2.1.1703358377 -- Copyright (C) 2005-2023 Mike Pall. https://luajit.org/
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] lua tarai2.lua
15
real:90.40[sec]_user:90.37[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2048[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] luajit tarai2.lua
15
real:21.61[sec]_user:21.61[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1920[KB]

Mercury

tarai2.m

% tarai2.m
:- module tarai2.

:- interface.
:- import_module io.
:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.

:- implementation.
:- import_module int.
:- func tarai(int, int, int) = int.
tarai(X, Y, Z) = R :-
  (
    if X =< Y
    then R = Y
    else R = tarai(tarai(X - 1, Y, Z), tarai(Y - 1, Z, X), tarai(Z - 1, X, Y))
  ).

main(!IO) :-
    io.print(tarai(15, 5, 0), !IO),
    io.nl(!IO).

:- end_module tarai2.

$ mmc --version
Mercury Compiler, version 22.01.8, on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1993-2012 The University of Melbourne
Copyright (C) 2013-2023 The Mercury team
$ rm -rf a.out; mmc -o a.out tarai2.m; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:4.84[sec]_user:4.82[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:5120[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; mmc -O6 -o a.out tarai2.m; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:4.83[sec]_user:4.83[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:5632[KB]

Mojo

Sat Jul 20 13:04:23 JST 2024
$ mojo format tarai2.🔥
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file left unchanged.

tarai2.🔥

fn tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int) -> Int:
    if x <= y:
        return y
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))


def main():
    print(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ mojo --version
mojo 24.4.0 (2cb57382)
$ rm -rf ; mojo build -o a.out tarai2.🔥; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:5.78[sec]_user:5.77[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:7552[KB]

Nelua

Sun Aug  4 01:38:41 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.nelua

require 'math'

do
  local function tarai(x: integer, y: integer, z: integer): integer
    if x <= y then
      return y
    end
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  end
  print(tarai(15, 5, 0))
end

$ nelua --version
Nelua 0.2.0-dev
Build number: 1617
Git date: 2024-06-16 11:32:57 -0300
Git hash: 4b2c75f8fe5c1d11a966b2fe8974a256868749a6
Semantic version: 0.2.0-dev.1617+4b2c75f8
Copyright (C) 2019-2024 Eduardo Bart (https://nelua.io/)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] nelua tarai2.nelua
15
real:9.22[sec]_user:9.16[sec]_sys:0.05[sec]_Memory:27264[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] nelua --release tarai2.nelua
15
real:5.21[sec]_user:5.14[sec]_sys:0.06[sec]_Memory:29184[KB]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] nelua --maximum-performance tarai2.nelua
15
real:3.78[sec]_user:3.68[sec]_sys:0.09[sec]_Memory:36756[KB]

Nim

Wed Jul 17 20:14:21 JST 2024
$ nimpretty tarai2.nim

tarai2.nim

proc tarai(x: int, y: int, z: int): int =
    if x <= y:
        return y
    return tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y))

echo tarai(15, 5, 0)

$ nim --version
Nim Compiler Version 2.0.8 [Linux: arm64]
Compiled at 2024-07-17
Copyright (c) 2006-2023 by Andreas Rumpf

active boot switches: -d:release
$ rm -rf a.out; nim c -d:release --opt:size --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:9.84[sec]_user:9.84[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; nim cpp -d:release --opt:size --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:7.71[sec]_user:7.71[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3072[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; nim c -d:release --opt:speed --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:8.86[sec]_user:8.86[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1152[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; nim cpp -d:release --opt:speed --hints:off -o:a.out tarai2.nim; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:6.00[sec]_user:5.99[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3072[KB]

Nit

Sun Aug  4 13:47:08 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.nit

fun tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int): Int
do
    if x <= y then
        return y
    else 
        return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
    end
end

print tarai(15, 5, 0)

$ nit --version
v0.8-3697-ge8e9cca96
$ rm -rf a.out; nitc -o a.out tarai2.nit; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:7.71[sec]_user:7.71[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2560[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; nitc --release -o a.out tarai2.nit; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:7.73[sec]_user:7.73[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2560[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; nitc --no-check-all -o a.out tarai2.nit; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:7.55[sec]_user:7.54[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2560[KB]

OCaml

Sat Jul 20 12:52:39 JST 2024
$ dune fmt

bin/main.ml

let rec tarai x y z =
  if x <= y then y
  else tarai (tarai (x - 1) y z) (tarai (y - 1) z x) (tarai (z - 1) x y)

let () = Printf.printf "%d\n" (tarai 15 5 0)

$ dune --version
3.16.0
$ ocaml --version
The OCaml toplevel, version 5.2.0
$ dune build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dune exec tarai2
15                                
real:6.66[sec]_user:6.62[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:27648[KB]
$ dune build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./_build/default/bin/main.exe
15                              
real:6.60[sec]_user:6.59[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2432[KB]

Odin

Sat Jul 20 14:03:50 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.odin

package main

import "core:fmt"

tarai :: proc(x: i64, y: i64, z: i64) -> i64 {
    if x <= y {
        return y
    }
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
}

main :: proc() {
    fmt.println(tarai(15, 5, 0))
}

$ odin version
odin version dev-2024-07:0bb4cc6ce
$ rm -rf tarai2; odin build tarai2.odin -file; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:10.94[sec]_user:10.93[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1280[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -file; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.45[sec]_user:5.45[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1152[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -no-bounds-check -file; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.45[sec]_user:5.44[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1152[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -thread-count:4 -file; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.45[sec]_user:5.44[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1152[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; odin build tarai2.odin -o:speed -no-bounds-check -thread-count:4 -file; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.45[sec]_user:5.44[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1152[KB]

Onyx

Sat Jul 20 13:59:12 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.onyx

use core {*}

tarai :: (x: i64, y: i64, z: i64) -> i64 {
    if (x <= y) {
        return y
    }
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
}

main :: () {
    println(tarai(15, 5, 0))
}

$ onyx version
Onyx toolchain version v0.1.12
Runtime: wasmer
Built:   Wed Jul 17 21:56:14 2024
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] onyx run tarai2.onyx
15
real:12.66[sec]_user:12.60[sec]_sys:0.09[sec]_Memory:77440[KB]
$ rm -rf out.wasm; onyx build tarai2.onyx; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] onyx run out.wasm
15
real:12.52[sec]_user:12.52[sec]_sys:0.05[sec]_Memory:50304[KB]

Pascal

Tue Jul  9 00:11:36 JST 2024
$ ptop tarai2.pas tarai2.pas

tarai2.pas

Program tarai(output);

Uses sysutils;

Function tarai(x, y, z: integer) : integer;
Begin
  If x <= y Then
    tarai := y
  Else
    tarai := tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y))
End;

Begin
  writeln(tarai(15, 5, 0));
End.

$ fpc -version
[0.005] Free Pascal Compiler version 3.2.2+dfsg-32 [2024/01/05] for aarch64
[0.005] Copyright (c) 1993-2021 by Florian Klaempfl and others
[0.005] error: No source file name in command line
[0.005] error: Compilation aborted
Error: /usr/bin/ppca64 returned an error exitcode
$ rm -r tarai2; fpc tarai2.pas; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
rm: cannot remove 'tarai2': No such file or directory
Free Pascal Compiler version 3.2.2+dfsg-32 [2024/01/05] for aarch64
Copyright (c) 1993-2021 by Florian Klaempfl and others
Target OS: Linux for AArch64
Compiling tarai2.pas
Assembling tarai
Linking tarai2
16 lines compiled, 0.2 sec
15
real:12.95[sec]_user:12.95[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:384[KB]
$ rm -r tarai2; fpc -O4 tarai2.pas; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Free Pascal Compiler version 3.2.2+dfsg-32 [2024/01/05] for aarch64
Copyright (c) 1993-2021 by Florian Klaempfl and others
Target OS: Linux for AArch64
Compiling tarai2.pas
Assembling tarai
Linking tarai2
16 lines compiled, 0.2 sec
15
real:9.41[sec]_user:9.40[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:384[KB]

Peregrine

Sun Aug  4 16:01:57 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.pe

def tarai(x: int, y: int, z: int) -> int :
    if x <= y:
        return y
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))

def main() :
    printf("%d\n", tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ peregrine.elf | head
Peregrine Compiler (C) The Peregrine Organisation, MPL-2.0
Usage: peregrine [command] [options] [file] -o [output file]

Peregrine Commands:
	compile          - compiles a given file
	help             - prints out help

Peregrine Options:
	-release         - create release builds
	-debug           - create debug builds
$ rm -rf a.out; peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -o a.out; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:12.46[sec]_user:12.45[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3200[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -static -o a.out; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:12.43[sec]_user:12.43[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:512[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -release -o a.out; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:5.98[sec]_user:5.98[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:3200[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; peregrine.elf compile tarai2.pe -release -static -o a.out; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:6.02[sec]_user:6.02[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:512[KB]

Perl

Sat Jul 20 19:57:58 JST 2024
$ perltidy -pbp tarai2.pl | sponge tarai2.pl

tarai2.pl

sub tarai {
    local ( $x, $y, $z ) = @_;
    return $y if $x <= $y;
    tarai(
        tarai( $x - 1, $y, $z ),
        tarai( $y - 1, $z, $x ),
        tarai( $z - 1, $x, $y )
    );
}
print tarai( 15, 5, 0 ), "\n";

$ perl --version

This is perl 5, version 40, subversion 0 (v5.40.0) built for aarch64-linux

Copyright 1987-2024, Larry Wall

Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.

Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl".  If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at https://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.

$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] perl tarai2.pl
15
real:1205.21[sec]_user:1204.89[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:4480[KB]

Php

Sun Jul 21 08:01:48 JST 2024
$ npx prettier tarai2.php --write
tarai2.php 30ms

tarai2.php

<?php
function tarai($x, $y, $z)
{
    if ($x <= $y) {
        return $y;
    }
    return tarai(
        tarai($x - 1, $y, $z),
        tarai($y - 1, $z, $x),
        tarai($z - 1, $x, $y)
    );
}

echo tarai(15, 5, 0), "\n";
?>

$ php --version
PHP 8.3.9 (cli) (built: Jul 21 2024 05:51:48) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.3.9, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] php tarai2.php
15

real:98.05[sec]_user:98.02[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:12964[KB]

Pike

tarai2.pike

int tarai(int x, int y, int z)
{
        if (x <= y)
                return y;
        return tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y));
}

int main()
{
        write("%d\n", tarai(15, 5, 0));
        return 0;
}

$ pike --version
Pike v8.0 release 1738 Copyright © 1994-2022 Linköping University
Pike comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; This is free software and you are
welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; read the files
COPYING and COPYRIGHT in the Pike distribution for more details.
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] pike tarai2.pike
15
real:259.16[sec]_user:259.09[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:6656[KB]

Poly/ML

Wed Jul 24 17:57:00 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.ml

fun tarai(x, y, z) =
  if x <= y then y
  else tarai(tarai((x - 1), y, z), tarai((y - 1), z, x), tarai((z - 1), x, y));

fun main() = print(Int.toString(tarai(15, 5, 0)) ^ "\n");

$ poly -v
Poly/ML 5.9.1 Release    RTS version: Arm64-5.9.1 (Git version v5.9.1-64-ga71e81c1)
$ rm -rf a.out; polyc tarai2.ml; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:7.48[sec]_user:7.47[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:4608[KB]

Pinecone

Thu Aug 22 19:04:11 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.pn

print: tarai: 15, 5, 0

tarai :: {x: Int, y: Int, z: Int} -> {Int}: (
    in.x <= in.y ?
        out: in.y
    | 
        out: tarai: (tarai: in.x - 1, in.y, in.z), (tarai: in.y - 1, in.z, in.x), (tarai: in.z - 1, in.x, in.y)

    out
)

$ pinecone -v
Pinecone version 0.5.1
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] pinecone tarai2.pn
15
real:3236.99[sec]_user:3235.95[sec]_sys:0.04[sec]_Memory:4096[KB]

Pony

Sat Jul 20 13:45:38 JST 2024
$ 

main.pony

actor Main
  fun tarai(x: I32, y: I32, z: I32): I32 =>
    if x <= y then
      return y
    else
      return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
    end

  new create(env: Env) =>
    env.out.print(tarai(15, 5, 0).string())

$ ponyc --version
0.58.5-da2b0322 [release]
Compiled with: LLVM 15.0.7 -- Clang-18.1.3-aarch64
Defaults: pic=true
$ rm -rf tarai2; ponyc; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Building builtin -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.58.5-da2b0322/packages/builtin
Building . -> $HOME/workspace/pony/tarai2
Generating
 Reachability
 Selector painting
 Data prototypes
 Data types
 Function prototypes
 Functions
 Descriptors
Verifying
Writing ./tarai2.o
Linking ./tarai2
15
real:6.00[sec]_user:5.98[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2048[KB]

Prolog

tarai2.swi

tarai(X, Y, _, Y) :-
    X =< Y, !.
tarai(X, Y, Z, R) :-
    X1 is X-1,
    Y1 is Y-1,
    Z1 is Z-1,
    tarai(X1, Y, Z, R1),
    tarai(Y1, Z, X, R2),
    tarai(Z1, X, Y, R3),
    tarai(R1, R2, R3, R).
     
main :-
    tarai(15, 5, 0, R),
    !.

$ swipl --version
SWI-Prolog version 9.0.4 for aarch64-linux
$ rm -rf a.out; swipl -O -g main -o a.out -c tarai2.swi; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
Warning: $HOME/workspace/prolog/tarai2/tarai2.swi:12:
Warning:    Singleton variables: [R]
% Disabled autoloading (loaded 34 files)
% Disabled autoloading (loaded 0 files)
real:383.11[sec]_user:382.39[sec]_sys:0.24[sec]_Memory:14336[KB]

Python

Sun Jul 21 09:54:43 JST 2024
$ pyenv local 3.12.4; black tarai2.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file left unchanged.

tarai2.py

def tarai(x: int, y: int, z: int) -> int:
    if x <= y:
        return y
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))


print(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ pyenv local 3.12.4
$ python --version
Python 3.12.4
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] python tarai2.py
15
real:195.78[sec]_user:195.62[sec]_sys:0.10[sec]_Memory:8960[KB]
$ pypy3 --version
Python 3.9.18 (7.3.15+dfsg-1build3, Mar 31 2024, 07:19:21)
[PyPy 7.3.15 with GCC 13.2.0]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] pypy3 tarai2.py
15
real:132.17[sec]_user:131.91[sec]_sys:0.10[sec]_Memory:58660[KB]

R

$ R

R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14) -- "Race for Your Life"
Copyright (C) 2024 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu

R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.

R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.

Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.

> styler::style_file("tarai2.R")
Styling  1  files:
 tarai2.R ✔ 
────────────────────────────────────────
Status	Count	Legend 
✔ 	1	File unchanged.
ℹ 	0	File changed.
✖ 	0	Styling threw an error.
────────────────────────────────────────
> 

Thu Jul 18 13:46:36 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.R

tarai <- function(x, y, z) {
  force(x)
  force(y)
  force(z)
  if (x <= y) {
    return(y)
  } else {
    return(tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y)))
  }
}
print(tarai(15, 5, 0))

$ R --version
R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14) -- "Race for Your Life"
Copyright (C) 2024 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu

R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the
GNU General Public License versions 2 or 3.
For more information about these matters see
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] Rscript tarai2.R
[1] 15
real:6884.97[sec]_user:6877.15[sec]_sys:0.25[sec]_Memory:67448[KB]

Racket

Sat Jul 20 13:09:17 JST 2024
$ raco fmt -i tarai2.rkt

tarai2.rkt

#lang racket
(define (tarai x y z)
  (if (<= x y) y (tarai (tarai (- x 1) y z) (tarai (- y 1) z x) (tarai (- z 1) x y))))

(printf "~a\n" (tarai 15 5 0))

$ racket --version
Welcome to Racket v8.13 [cs].
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] racket tarai2.rkt
15
real:10.55[sec]_user:10.27[sec]_sys:0.25[sec]_Memory:103360[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; raco exe tarai2.rkt; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:10.55[sec]_user:10.34[sec]_sys:0.20[sec]_Memory:142428[KB]
$ rm -rf compiled; raco make tarai2.rkt; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] racket ./compiled/tarai2_rkt.zo
15
real:10.54[sec]_user:10.26[sec]_sys:0.26[sec]_Memory:103264[KB]

Raku

tarai2.p6

sub tarai($x, $y, $z) {
    if $x <= $y {
        return $y;
    }
    return tarai( tarai($x-1, $y, $z), tarai($y-1, $z, $x), tarai($z-1, $x, $y));
}

say tarai(15, 5, 0);

$ raku --version
Welcome to Rakudo™ v2022.12.
Implementing the Raku® Programming Language v6.d.
Built on MoarVM version 2022.12.
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] raku tarai2.p6
15
real:1100.15[sec]_user:1100.20[sec]_sys:0.03[sec]_Memory:118256[KB]

Reason

Sat Jul 20 13:54:08 JST 2024
$ refmt --in-place bin/main.re

bin/main.re

let rec tarai = (x: int, y: int, z: int) =>
  if (x <= y) {
    y;
  } else {
    tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
  };

let () = {
  Printf.printf("%d\n", tarai(15, 5, 0));
};

$ dune --version
3.16.0
$ refmt --version
Reason 3.11.0 @ 
$ dune build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] dune exec tarai2
15                                 
real:6.66[sec]_user:6.63[sec]_sys:0.02[sec]_Memory:27648[KB]
$ dune build; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./_build/default/bin/main.exe
15                              
real:6.60[sec]_user:6.60[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2432[KB]

Ring

Mon Aug 26 08:55:55 JST 2024
$ 

tarai2.ring

print("#{tarai(15, 5, 0)}\n")

func tarai(x, y, z) {
  if x <= y
    return y
  else
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  ok
}

$ ring | head
===========================================================================
Ring version 1.21 
2013-2024, Mahmoud Fayed <[e-mail]>
Usage : ring filename.ring [Options]
===========================================================================
-tokens   :  Print a list of tokens in the source code file
-rules    :  Print grammar rules applied on the tokens
-ic       :  Print the intermediate byte code (before execution)
-icfinal  :  Print the final byte code (after execution)
-cgi      :  Print http response header before error messages
$ rm -rf tarai2; ring2exe tarai2.ring -static; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
Ring2EXE: Process File : tarai2.ring
Ring2EXE: Start building the application...
Ring2EXE: Generate C source code file...
Ring2EXE: Generation Time : 0.00 seconds...
Ring2EXE: Generate batch|script file...
Ring2EXE: Generate batch|script file for static building...
Ring2EXE: Build the Executable File...
Ring2EXE: End of building script...
Ring2EXE: Executable file is ready!
Ring2EXE: End of building process...
Ring2EXE: Clear Temp. Files...
15
real:3447.47[sec]_user:3446.52[sec]_sys:0.01[sec]_Memory:13568[KB]

Ruby

tarai2.rb

def tarai(x, y, z)
    if x <= y then
        return y
    end
    return tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y))
end

puts( tarai(15, 5, 0) )

$ rbenv local system
$ ruby --version
ruby 3.1.2p20 (2022-04-12 revision 4491bb740a) [aarch64-linux-gnu]
$ rbenv local 3.3.0
$ ruby --version
ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [aarch64-linux]
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ruby --yjit tarai2.rb
15
real:28.79[sec]_user:28.65[sec]_sys:0.06[sec]_Memory:12800[KB]

Rune

Mon Aug 26 19:33:07 JST 2024
$ target/release/rune fmt scripts/tarai2.rn

scripts/tarai2.rn

fn tarai(x, y, z) {
    if x <= y {
        y
    } else {
        tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
    }
}

dbg!(tarai(15, 5, 0));

$ target/release/rune help | head
The Rune Language Interpreter git-812da733

Usage: rune [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]

Commands:
  check            Run checks but do not execute
  doc              Build documentation
  ace              Build ace autocompletion
  test             Run all tests but do not execute
  bench            Run the given program as a benchmark
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] target/release/rune run scripts/tarai2.rn
15
real:483.17[sec]_user:483.03[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:15908[KB]

Rust

Sat Jul 27 14:43:35 JST 2024
$ cargo fmt

src/main.rs

fn tarai(x: isize, y: isize, z: isize) -> isize {
    if x <= y {
        return y;
    }
    tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
}

fn main() {
    println!("{}", tarai(15, 5, 0));
}

$ rustc --version
rustc 1.80.0 (051478957 2024-07-21)
$ cargo clean; cargo build --release; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./target/release/tarai2
     Removed 11 files, 863.3KiB total
   Compiling tarai2 v0.1.0 ($HOME/workspace/rust/tarai2)
    Finished `release` profile [optimized] target(s) in 0.30s
15
real:5.74[sec]_user:5.74[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1536[KB]

Scala

Sun Jul 14 10:10:00 JST 2024
$ sbt scalafmtAll
[info] welcome to sbt 1.10.0 (Oracle Corporation Java 23-ea)
[info] loading settings for project tarai2-build from plugins.sbt ...
[info] loading project definition from $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/project
[info] loading settings for project tarai2 from build.sbt ...
[info] set current project to tarai2 (in build file:$HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/)
[info] scalafmt: Formatting 1 Scala sources ($HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2)...
[success] Total time: 3 s, completed Jul 14, 2024, 10:10:11 AM

./src/main/scala/Tarai2.scala

object Tarai2 {
  def tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int): Int = {
    if (x <= y) y
    else tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
  }

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    println(tarai(15, 5, 0))
  }
}

$ sdk use java 22.0.1-oracle

Using java version 22.0.1-oracle in this shell.
$ scala --version
Scala code runner version 3.4.2 -- Copyright 2002-2024, LAMP/EPFL
$ sbt --version
sbt script version: 1.10.0
$ java --version
java 22.0.1 2024-04-16
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 22.0.1+8-16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.0.1+8-16, mixed mode, sharing)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] scala ./src/main/scala/Tarai2.scala
15
real:9.27[sec]_user:16.58[sec]_sys:0.59[sec]_Memory:214500[KB]
$ sbt clean; sbt assembly; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar ./target/scala-3.4.2/tarai2-assembly-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[info] welcome to sbt 1.10.0 (Oracle Corporation Java 22.0.1)
[info] loading settings for project tarai2-build from plugins.sbt ...
[info] loading project definition from $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/project
[info] loading settings for project tarai2 from build.sbt ...
[info] set current project to tarai2 (in build file:$HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/)
[success] Total time: 0 s, completed Jul 14, 2024, 10:10:39 AM
[info] welcome to sbt 1.10.0 (Oracle Corporation Java 22.0.1)
[info] loading settings for project tarai2-build from plugins.sbt ...
[info] loading project definition from $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/project
[info] loading settings for project tarai2 from build.sbt ...
[info] set current project to tarai2 (in build file:$HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/)
[info] compiling 1 Scala source to $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/target/scala-3.4.2/classes ...
[info] 2 file(s) merged using strategy 'Rename' (Run the task at debug level to see the details)
[info] 2 file(s) merged using strategy 'Discard' (Run the task at debug level to see the details)
[info] Built: $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/target/scala-3.4.2/tarai2-assembly-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[info] Jar hash: 024717ae4d802c0588408df91586ffa29e8abda8
[success] Total time: 9 s, completed Jul 14, 2024, 10:10:57 AM
15
real:4.84[sec]_user:4.88[sec]_sys:0.04[sec]_Memory:50096[KB]
$ sdk use java 17.0.11-oracle

Using java version 17.0.11-oracle in this shell.
$ scala --version
Scala code runner version 3.4.2 -- Copyright 2002-2024, LAMP/EPFL
$ sbt --version
sbt version in this project: 1.10.0
sbt script version: 1.10.0
$ java --version
java 17.0.11 2024-04-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.11+7-LTS-207, mixed mode, sharing)
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] scala ./src/main/scala/Tarai2.scala
15
real:8.90[sec]_user:16.36[sec]_sys:0.65[sec]_Memory:217304[KB]
$ sbt clean; sbt assembly; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] java -jar ./target/scala-3.4.2/tarai2-assembly-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[info] welcome to sbt 1.10.0 (Oracle Corporation Java 17.0.11)
[info] loading settings for project tarai2-build from plugins.sbt ...
[info] loading project definition from $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/project
[info] loading settings for project tarai2 from build.sbt ...
[info] set current project to tarai2 (in build file:$HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/)
[success] Total time: 0 s, completed Jul 14, 2024, 10:11:29 AM
[info] welcome to sbt 1.10.0 (Oracle Corporation Java 17.0.11)
[info] loading settings for project tarai2-build from plugins.sbt ...
[info] loading project definition from $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/project
[info] loading settings for project tarai2 from build.sbt ...
[info] set current project to tarai2 (in build file:$HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/)
[info] compiling 1 Scala source to $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/target/scala-3.4.2/classes ...
[info] 2 file(s) merged using strategy 'Rename' (Run the task at debug level to see the details)
[info] 2 file(s) merged using strategy 'Discard' (Run the task at debug level to see the details)
[info] Built: $HOME/workspace/scala/tarai2/target/scala-3.4.2/tarai2-assembly-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[info] Jar hash: 024717ae4d802c0588408df91586ffa29e8abda8
[success] Total time: 9 s, completed Jul 14, 2024, 10:11:46 AM
15
real:4.51[sec]_user:4.55[sec]_sys:0.05[sec]_Memory:48700[KB]

Seed7

tarai2.sd7

$ include "seed7_05.s7i";

const func integer: tarai(in integer: x, in integer: y, in integer: z) is func
  result
    var integer: r is y;
  begin
    if x <= y then
      r := y;
    else
      r := tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y));
    end if;
  end func;

const proc: main is func
  begin
    writeln(tarai(15, 5, 0));
  end func;

$ s7c -?
SEED7 COMPILER Version 3.2.50 Copyright (c) 1990-2023 Thomas Mertes
usage: s7c [options] source

Options:
  -?   Write Seed7 compiler usage.
  -On  Tell the C compiler to optimize with level n (n is between 1 and 3).
  -O   Equivalent to -O1
  -S   Specify the stack size of the executable (e.g.: -S 16777216).
  -b   Specify the directory of the Seed7 runtime libraries (e.g.: -b ../bin).
  -c   Specify configuration (C compiler, etc.) to be used (e.g.: -c emcc).
  -e   Generate code which sends a signal, if an uncaught exception occurs.
       This option allows debuggers to handle uncaught Seed7 exceptions.
  -flto Enable link time optimization.
  -g   Tell the C compiler to generate an executable with debug information.
       This way the debugger will refer to Seed7 source files and line numbers.
       To generate debug information which refers to the temporary C program
       the option -g-debug_c can be used.
  -l   Add a directory to the include library search path (e.g.: -l ../lib).
  -ocn Optimize generated C code with level n. E.g.: -oc3
       The level n is a digit between 0 and 3:
         0 Do no optimizations with constants.
         1 Use literals and named constants to simplify expressions (default).
         2 Evaluate constant parameter expressions to simplify expressions.
         3 Like -oc2 and additionally evaluate all constant expressions.
  -p   Activate simple function profiling.
  -sx  Suppress checks specified with x. E.g.: -sr or -sro
       The checks x are specified with letters from the following list:
         d Suppress the generation of checks for integer division by zero.
         i Suppress the generation of index checks (e.g. string, array).
         o Suppress the generation of integer overflow checks.
         r Suppress the generation of range checks.
  -tx  Set runtime trace level to x. Where x is a string consisting of:
         d Trace dynamic calls
         e Trace exceptions and handlers
         f Trace functions
         s Trace signals
  -wn  Specify warning level n. E.g.: -w2
       The level n is a digit between 0 and 2:
         0 Omit warnings.
         1 Write normal warnings (default).
         2 Write warnings for raised exceptions.

$ rm -rf tarai2; s7c tarai2.sd7; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
SEED7 COMPILER Version 3.2.50 Copyright (c) 1990-2023 Thomas Mertes
Source: tarai2.sd7
Compiling the program ...
Generating code ...
after walk_const_list
662 declarations processed
131 optimizations done
96 evaluations done
1 division checks inserted
34 range checks inserted
89 index checks inserted
95 overflow checks inserted
Calling the C compiler ...
gcc -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c tmp_tarai2.c 2>tmp_tarai2.cerrs >/dev/null
Calling the linker ...
gcc -Wl\,--strip-debug -Wl\,--gc-sections -o tarai2 tmp_tarai2.o $HOME/seed7-Seed7_release_2024-04-29/bin/s7_data.a $HOME/seed7-Seed7_release_2024-04-29/bin/seed7_05.a 2>tmp_tarai2.lerrs >/dev/null
15
real:11.86[sec]_user:11.86[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; s7c -O3 tarai2.sd7; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
SEED7 COMPILER Version 3.2.50 Copyright (c) 1990-2023 Thomas Mertes
Source: tarai2.sd7
Compiling the program ...
Generating code ...
after walk_const_list
662 declarations processed
131 optimizations done
96 evaluations done
1 division checks inserted
34 range checks inserted
89 index checks inserted
95 overflow checks inserted
Calling the C compiler ...
gcc -w -O3 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c tmp_tarai2.c 2>tmp_tarai2.cerrs >/dev/null
Calling the linker ...
gcc -Wl\,--strip-debug -Wl\,--gc-sections -o tarai2 tmp_tarai2.o $HOME/seed7-Seed7_release_2024-04-29/bin/s7_data.a $HOME/seed7-Seed7_release_2024-04-29/bin/seed7_05.a 2>tmp_tarai2.lerrs >/dev/null
15
real:6.09[sec]_user:6.09[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; s7c -O3 -oc3 tarai2.sd7; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
SEED7 COMPILER Version 3.2.50 Copyright (c) 1990-2023 Thomas Mertes
Source: tarai2.sd7
Compiling the program ...
Generating code ...
after walk_const_list
662 declarations processed
246 optimizations done
47 functions inlined
284 evaluations done
1 division checks inserted
30 range checks inserted
3 range checks optimized away
99 index checks inserted
2 index checks optimized away
83 overflow checks inserted
8 overflow checks optimized away
Calling the C compiler ...
gcc -w -O3 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c tmp_tarai2.c 2>tmp_tarai2.cerrs >/dev/null
Calling the linker ...
gcc -Wl\,--strip-debug -Wl\,--gc-sections -o tarai2 tmp_tarai2.o $HOME/seed7-Seed7_release_2024-04-29/bin/s7_data.a $HOME/seed7-Seed7_release_2024-04-29/bin/seed7_05.a 2>tmp_tarai2.lerrs >/dev/null
15
real:5.95[sec]_user:5.95[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]

Sidef

tarai2.sf

func tarai(x, y, z) {
    if (x <= y) {
        return y
    }
    return tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z), tarai(y-1, z, x), tarai(z-1, x, y))
}

say tarai(15, 5, 0)

$ sidef --version
Sidef 24.05
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] sidef -O2 tarai2.sf
15
real:30761.01[sec]_user:30760.98[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:49152[KB]

Swift

Thu Jul 18 22:21:09 JST 2024
$ swift-format -i Sources/main.swift

Sources/main.swift

func tarai(x: Int, y: Int, z: Int) -> Int {
  if x <= y {
    return y
  } else {
    return tarai(
      x: tarai(x: x - 1, y: y, z: z), y: tarai(x: y - 1, y: z, z: x), z: tarai(x: z - 1, y: x, z: y)
    )
  }
}

print(tarai(x: 15, y: 5, z: 0))

$ swift --version
Swift version 5.10.1 (swift-5.10.1-RELEASE)
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
$ rm -rf a.out; swiftc -o a.out Sources/main.swift; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:17.32[sec]_user:17.31[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:8064[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; swiftc -O -o a.out Sources/main.swift; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:5.94[sec]_user:5.94[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:7808[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; swiftc -Ounchecked -o a.out Sources/main.swift; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:6.23[sec]_user:6.23[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:7808[KB]
$ swift build -c release --static-swift-stdlib; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] swift run --skip-build
Building for production...
[5/5] Linking tarai2
Build complete! (1.35s)
15
real:17.84[sec]_user:17.58[sec]_sys:0.24[sec]_Memory:96000[KB]

V

Sat Jul 27 16:07:43 JST 2024
$ v fmt -w tarai2.v
Already formatted file: $HOME/workspace/v/tarai2/tarai2.v

tarai2.v

fn tarai(x int, y int, z int) int {
	if x <= y {
		return y
	}
	return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y))
}

fn main() {
	println(tarai(15, 5, 0))
}

$ v --version
V 0.4.7 52fe7c0
$ \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] v run tarai2.v
15
real:22.48[sec]_user:22.46[sec]_sys:0.06[sec]_Memory:45864[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; v -prod -cc gcc -skip-unused -manualfree -prealloc -gc none -no-bounds-checking -o a.out tarai2.v; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:3.46[sec]_user:3.46[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]
$ rm -rf a.out; v -prod -cc clang-18 -skip-unused -manualfree -prealloc -gc none -no-bounds-checking -o a.out tarai2.v; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:5.88[sec]_user:5.87[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:1024[KB]

Vala

Sat Jul 20 05:11:43 JST 2024
$ io.elementary.vala-lint --fix tarai2.vala
No mistakes found

tarai2.vala

int tarai (int x, int y, int z) {
    if (x <= y) return y;
    else return tarai (tarai (x - 1, y, z), tarai (y - 1, z, x), tarai (z - 1, x, y));
}

void main () {
    print ("%d\n", tarai (15, 5, 0));
}

$ valac --version
Vala 0.56.16
$ rm -rf a.out; valac -o a.out tarai2.vala; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./a.out
15
real:11.63[sec]_user:11.63[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:2432[KB]

Zig

Sat Jul 20 12:58:08 JST 2024
$ zig fmt tarai2.zig

tarai2.zig

const std = @import("std");

fn tarai(x: i32, y: i32, z: i32) i32 {
    if (x <= y) {
        return y;
    }
    return tarai(tarai(x - 1, y, z), tarai(y - 1, z, x), tarai(z - 1, x, y));
}

pub fn main() !void {
    const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
    try stdout.print("{d}\n", .{
        tarai(15, 5, 0),
    });
}

$ zig version
0.13.0
$ rm -rf tarai2; zig build-exe tarai2.zig; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:11.76[sec]_user:11.76[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:384[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; zig build-exe -OReleaseFast tarai2.zig; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.73[sec]_user:5.73[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:256[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; zig build-exe -OReleaseSafe tarai2.zig; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:5.16[sec]_user:5.15[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:256[KB]
$ rm -rf tarai2; zig build-exe -OReleaseSmall tarai2.zig; \time -o /dev/stdout -f real:%e[sec]_user:%U[sec]_sys:%S[sec]_Memory:%M[KB] ./tarai2
15
real:6.08[sec]_user:6.08[sec]_sys:0.00[sec]_Memory:256[KB]

あれこれ

• 色々間違い、思い違いがあると思います。ご指摘ください。
• 新しい Java に言語が対応していないことがあるので、Early Access の使用をやめ、Java 22.0.1 にしました。