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Python OpenCVで人物画像の背景を消す

Last updated at Posted at 2019-04-12

こちらのスタックオーバーフロー回答を元に作成
https://stackoverflow.com/a/29314286

githubで公開しているコードはこちら
https://github.com/AtomScott/background-remover

今回使用するライブラリ

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

パラメータの設定

写真によって調整する必要がある

BLUR = 21
CANNY_THRESH_1 = 10
CANNY_THRESH_2 = 100
MASK_DILATE_ITER = 10
MASK_ERODE_ITER = 10
MASK_COLOR = (0.0,0.0,1.0) # In BGR format

画像を読み込む

img = cv2.imread('sample.jpg')
cv2.imwrite('cv.jpg', img)

plt.imshow(img)
plt.show()

output_6_0.png

OpenCVはBGRで読み込むので、そのまま表示してみようとすると色が変なふうになってしまいます。
そのため、以下のように一工夫加えます。

plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.show()

output_8_0.png

エッジを見つける

まず、グレースケールの画像を用意します。

gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

plt.imshow(gray, cmap='gray')
plt.show()

output_11_0.png

#-- Edge detection -------------------------------------------------------------------
edges = cv2.Canny(gray, CANNY_THRESH_1, CANNY_THRESH_2)
edges = cv2.dilate(edges, None)
edges = cv2.erode(edges, None)

plt.imshow(edges, cmap='gray')
plt.show()

output_12_0.png

輪郭を見つける

contour_info = []
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)

for c in contours:
    contour_info.append((
        c,
        cv2.isContourConvex(c),
        cv2.contourArea(c),
    ))
contour_info = sorted(contour_info, key=lambda c: c[2], reverse=True)
max_contour = contour_info[0]

一番大きい輪郭を使ってマスクを作る

#-- Create empty mask, draw filled polygon on it corresponding to largest contour ----
# Mask is black, polygon is white
mask = np.zeros(edges.shape)
cv2.fillConvexPoly(mask, max_contour[0], (255))

plt.imshow(mask, cmap='gray')
plt.show()

output_16_0.png

マスクをスムージングさせ、3チャネルにする

mask = cv2.dilate(mask, None, iterations=MASK_DILATE_ITER)
mask = cv2.erode(mask, None, iterations=MASK_ERODE_ITER)
mask = cv2.GaussianBlur(mask, (BLUR, BLUR), 0)
mask_stack = np.dstack([mask]*3)    # Create 3-channel alpha mask

plt.imshow(mask_stack, cmap='gray')
plt.show()
Clipping input data to the valid range for imshow with RGB data ([0..1] for floats or [0..255] for integers).

output_18_1.png

マスクと背景を合体させる

mask_stack  = mask_stack.astype('float32') / 255.0          # Use float matrices, 
img         = img.astype('float32') / 255.0                 #  for easy blending

masked = (mask_stack * img) + ((1-mask_stack) * MASK_COLOR) # Blend
masked = (masked * 255).astype('uint8')                     # Convert back to 8-bit 

c_blue, c_green, c_red = cv2.split(img)

img_a = cv2.merge((c_red, c_green, c_blue, mask.astype('float32') / 255.0))

plt.imshow(img_a)
plt.show()

output_20_0.png

パラメータチューニング

結果を見て分かるとおり、パラメータの設定が上手くいっていないようなので、調整します。
これを簡単にするために、上記でやってきたことを一つの関数にまとめます。

def remove_bg(
    path,
    BLUR = 21,
    CANNY_THRESH_1 = 10,
    CANNY_THRESH_2 = 200,
    MASK_DILATE_ITER = 10,
    MASK_ERODE_ITER = 10,
    MASK_COLOR = (0.0,0.0,1.0),
):
    img = cv2.imread(path)
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    edges = cv2.Canny(gray, CANNY_THRESH_1, CANNY_THRESH_2)
    edges = cv2.dilate(edges, None)
    edges = cv2.erode(edges, None)

    contour_info = []
    contours, _ = cv2.findContours(edges, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
    for c in contours:
        contour_info.append((
            c,
            cv2.isContourConvex(c),
            cv2.contourArea(c),
        ))
    contour_info = sorted(contour_info, key=lambda c: c[2], reverse=True)
    max_contour = contour_info[0]

    mask = np.zeros(edges.shape)
    cv2.fillConvexPoly(mask, max_contour[0], (255))

    mask = cv2.dilate(mask, None, iterations=MASK_DILATE_ITER)
    mask = cv2.erode(mask, None, iterations=MASK_ERODE_ITER)
    mask = cv2.GaussianBlur(mask, (BLUR, BLUR), 0)
    mask_stack = np.dstack([mask]*3)    # Create 3-channel alpha mask

    mask_stack  = mask_stack.astype('float32') / 255.0          # Use float matrices, 
    img         = img.astype('float32') / 255.0                 #  for easy blending

    masked = (mask_stack * img) + ((1-mask_stack) * MASK_COLOR) # Blend
    masked = (masked * 255).astype('uint8')                     # Convert back to 8-bit 

    c_blue, c_green, c_red = cv2.split(img)

    img_a = cv2.merge((c_red, c_green, c_blue, mask.astype('float32') / 255.0))

    
    plt.imshow(img_a)
    plt.show()
    return img_a
img_fin = remove_bg(    
    path = 'sample.jpg',
    BLUR = 21,
    CANNY_THRESH_1 = 5,
    CANNY_THRESH_2 = 70,
    MASK_DILATE_ITER = 10,
    MASK_ERODE_ITER = 6,
)

output_23_0.png

画像の保存

最後に画像を保存して終わりです。

fig = plt.figure(frameon=False)
ax = plt.Axes(fig, [0., 0., 1., 1.])
ax.set_axis_off()
fig.add_axes(ax)
ax = plt.Axes(fig, [0., 0., 1., 1.])
ax.set_axis_off()
fig.add_axes(ax)
ax.imshow(img_fin)
fig.savefig('fin.png')

output_25_0.png


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