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Python3系の基礎文法(辞書)

Last updated at Posted at 2017-07-08

概要

O'Reilly Japan の「入門 Python 3」を参考に、Python3系の基礎文法を勉強します。
同じようにPythonを勉強したいと思ってる方の参考になれば幸いです。

辞書(dict)

  • 辞書はミュータブルであるため、キー/値要素を追加、削除、追加することができる。
  • 他の言語では、ハッシュマップや連想配列と呼ぶ

辞書の作成

>>> # 空配列の作成 []
>>> target = {}
>>> target
{}

## 辞書作成
>>> dict_sample = {
...     "key1" : "value1",
...     "key2" : "value2",
...     "key3" : "value3",
... }
>>> dict_sample
{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': 'value3'}

dict() による辞書への変換

2要素のシーケンスを含むものであれば変換が可能。

>>> # lol(2要素のリストのリスト) を変換
>>> lol = [['key1','val1'], ['key2','val2'], ['key3','val3']]
>>> dict(lol)
{'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2', 'key3': 'val3'}

>>> # lot(2要素のタプルのリスト) を変換
>>> lot = [('key1','val1'), ('key2','val2'), ('key3','val3')]
>>> dict(lot)
{'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2', 'key3': 'val3'}

>>> # tol(2要素のリストのタプル)を変換
>>> tol = (['key1','val1'], ['key2','val2'], ['key3','val3'])
>>> dict(tol)
{'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2', 'key3': 'val3'}

>>> # los(2字の文字列のリスト)を変換
>>> los = ['a1','b2','c3']
>>> dict(los)
{'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}

>>> # tos(2字の文字列のタプル)を変換
>>> tos = ('a1','b2','c3')
>>> dict(tos)
{'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}

[key] による要素の取得、追加、変更

>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "value1",
...     "key2" : "value2",
... }

>>> # 要素の取得
>>> dict1['key1']
'value1'

>>> # 要素の追加
>>> dict1['key3'] = 'value3'
>>> dict1
{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': 'value3'}

>>> # 要素の変更
>>> dict1['key3'] = 'VALUE3'
>>> dict1
{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': 'VALUE3'}

update()による辞書の結合

>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "value1",
...     "key2" : "value2",
... }
>>> dict2 = {
...     "key2" : "val2",
...     "key3" : "val3",
...     "key4" : "val4",
... }

>>> # 辞書の結合(同じキー値は更新される)
>>> dict1.update(dict2)
>>> dict1
{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'val2', 'key3': 'val3', 'key4': 'val4'}

delによる要素の削除

>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "val1",
...     "key2" : "val2",
...     "key3" : "val3",
... }
>>> del dict1["key2"]
>>> dict1
{'key1': 'val1', 'key3': 'val3'}

clear()による全ての要素の削除

>>> # clear()を使う場合
>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "val1",
...     "key2" : "val2",
...     "key3" : "val3",
... }
>>> dict1.clear()
>>> dict1
{}

>>> # 空辞書の代入を使う場合
>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "val1",
...     "key2" : "val2",
...     "key3" : "val3",
... }
>>> dict1 = {}
>>> dict1
{}

inによるキー値の有無確認

>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "val1",
...     "key2" : "val2",
... }
>>> "key1" in dict1
True
>>> "key3" in dict1
False

keys()、values()、items() による用途に応じたリストへの変換

>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "val1",
...     "key2" : "val2",
...     "key3" : "val3",
... }

>>> # dict_keysオブジェクト(イテラブルなキーのビュー)で返却される
>>> dict1.keys()
dict_keys(['key1', 'key2', 'key3'])

>>> # keys()で全てのキーをlistで取得
>>> list( dict1.keys() )
['key1', 'key2', 'key3']

>>> # values()で全ての値をlistで取得
>>> list( dict1.values() )
['val1', 'val2', 'val3']

>>> # items()で全てのキー/値のペアをlistで取得
>>> list( dict1.items() )
[('key1', 'val1'), ('key2', 'val2'), ('key3', 'val3')]

copy()による辞書のコピー

>>> dict1 = {
...     "key1" : "val1",
...     "key2" : "val2",
...     "key3" : "val3",
... }
>>> dict2 = dict1.copy()
>>> dict2
{'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2', 'key3': 'val3'}
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