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Appiumを用いたモバイルネイティブアプリVRT(Visual Regression Testing)環境を構築する

Last updated at Posted at 2022-08-26

これまで、iOSネイティブアプリのE2Eテスト実現のために、Appium+TypeScript環境を構築してきました。
最後に、これまで構築してきた環境にVRT環境を追加します。

webdriverioにのサービスにwdio-image-comparison-serviceという画像回帰テストのサービス(プラグイン的な立ち位置)があります。しかし、こちらのサービスはWebブラウザ向けであり、モバイルネイティブアプリでは動作しません。

そこで、筆者はwdio-native-app-compareを導入し、モバイルネイティブアプリ上でのVRT環境を構築しました。

前提

これまで構築してきたAppium+TypeScript環境についてはこちらの記事をご参考ください。

環境構築

VRT(Visual Regression Testing)の導入

1. wdio-native-app-compareのインストール

モバイルネィティブアプリ向けの画像比較ツールであるwdio-native-app-compareをインストールします。

npm i wdio-native-app-compare-service

2. wdio.conf.tsの更新

wdio.conf.ts内の配列プロパティservicesに以下を追加します。

[
            'native-app-compare',
            // The options
            {
                // Mandatory
                baselineFolder: join(process.cwd(), './baseline/'),
                screenshotPath: join(process.cwd(), '.tmp/'),
                // Optional
                // See Options for more options
                //..
                // Some options, see the docs for more
                imageNameFormat: '{tag}-{deviceName}-{platformName}-{platformVersion}',
                savePerInstance: true,
                autoSaveBaseline: true,
                blockOutStatusBar: true,
                blockOutToolBar: true,
                blockOutNavigationBar: true,
                isHybridApp: true,
            },
        ] 

テストシナリオの更新

テストシナリオを以下のコードに書き換えます。
メソッドの詳細については、こちらをご参考ください。

describe('Hello World!', () => {
    it('should display Hello, World!', async () => {
        const el = await $("~textField")
        
        const word = "Hello, World!"
        await el.setValue(word)

        await driver.saveScreen('page')
        await driver.saveElement(el, 'el')
    });

    it('should no diff Element!', async () => {
        const el = await $("~textField")
        const result = await driver.compareElement(el, 'el')
        expect(result.misMatchPercentage).toEqual(0)
    });

    it('should no diff Page!', async () => {
        const result = await driver.compareScreen('page')
        expect(result.misMatchPercentage).toEqual(0)
    });
});

テストの実行

npx wdio run text/wdio.conf.ts

以上です。

追加編:wdio-native-app-compareのメソッドに型を追加する

wdio-native-app-comparepackageには型定義がないため、コーディングの際に補完が働きません。そこで追加編では、wdio-native-app-compareのメソッドに型情報を追加します。

1. tsconfig.jsonの更新

tsconfig.jsonに型定義ファイルのパスを追加します。

compilerOptionsに配列型のtypeRootsプロパティを追加し、配列の第0要素に"./src/@types"をおきます。

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        ...
        "typeRoots": [
            "./src/@types"
        ]
    }
}
  1. 型定義ファイルwdio.d.tsの作成

tsconfig.jsonに設定したパスを作成します。
作成するパスは、tsconfig.jsonが存在するディレクトリから見た相対パスになります。

mkdir -p ./src/@types

次に型定義ファイルを作成します。

cd ./src/@types
touch wdio.d.ts
  1. wdio.d.tsの編集

wdio-native-app-compareのドキュメントを参考にinterfaceを定義します。

// Ref: https://github.com/wswebcreation/wdio-native-app-compare
// Ref: https://github.com/wswebcreation/wdio-native-app-compare/issues/18 

declare module 'wdio-native-app-compare-service';

/**
 * The save methods return an object like this:
 */
interface SaveResult {
    fileName: string
    folders: {
        actual: string
    }
}

/**
 * The compare methods return an object like this:
 */
interface CompareResult {
    fileName: string
    folders: {
        actual: string
        baseline: string,
        diff: string
    }
    /**
     * @param {number} 0.00-100.00(%)
     */
    misMatchPercentage: number
}

declare namespace WebdriverIO {
    interface Browser {
        /**
         * With this method you can create a screenshot of an element in the view. You'll need to provide the following options
         * @param {WebdriverIO.Element} elemnt Provide the element, so NOT the selector, like for example
         * @param {string} tag The tag is the part that is used for determining the image name when it is saved
         * @param {object?} options You can provide an object with https://github.com/wswebcreation/wdio-native-app-compare/blob/master/docs/OPTIONS.md#method-options, see options for details
         * 
         * Provide the element, so NOT the selector, like for example
         * @example
         * browser.saveElement(browser.element('\~your-accessibility-id'), 'name-of-your-file');
         * @example
         * browser.saveElement($('\~your-accessibility-id'), 'name-of-your-file');
         */
        saveElement: (elemnt: WebdriverIO.Element, tag: string, options?: object) => SaveResult

        /**
         * With this method you can create a screenshot of the view. You'll need to provide the following options
         * @param {string} tag The tag is the part that is used for determining the image name when it is saved
         * @param {object?} options You can provide an object with https://github.com/wswebcreation/wdio-native-app-compare/blob/master/docs/OPTIONS.md#method-options, see options for details
         * 
         * @example
         * browser.saveScreen('name-of-your-file');
         */
        saveScreen: (tag: string) => SaveResult

        /**
         * With this method you can compare a screenshot of an element in the view with a baseline image. It will return a mismatch percentage between the actual element screenshot and the baseline. You'll need to provide the following options
         * @param {WebdriverIO.Element} elemnt Provide the element, so NOT the selector, like for example
         * @param {string} tag The tag is the part that is used for determining the image name when it is saved
         * @param {object?} options You can provide an object with https://github.com/wswebcreation/wdio-native-app-compare/blob/master/docs/OPTIONS.md#method-options, see options for details
         * 
         * @example
         * browser.compareElement(browser.element('\~your-accessibility-id'), 'name-of-your-file');
         * @example
         * browser.compareElement($('\~your-accessibility-id'), 'name-of-your-file');
         */
        compareElement: (elemnt: WebdriverIO.Element, tag: string) => CompareResult

        /**
         * With this method you can create a screenshot of the view. You'll need to provide the following options
         * @param {string} tag The tag is the part that is used for determining the image name when it is saved
         * @param {object?} options You can provide an object with https://github.com/wswebcreation/wdio-native-app-compare/blob/master/docs/OPTIONS.md#method-options, see options for details
         * 
         * @example
         * browser.compareScreen('name-of-your-file');
         */
        compareScreen: (tag: string) => CompareResult
    }
}

以上です。

参考文献

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