この記事は EAGLYS Advent Calendar 2024 の19日目の記事です

突貫で書いてしまった部分もあるので、大いに誤りを含む可能性があります。誤字・脱字レベルでも構いませんので、ご指摘ください。
また、予告なしに内容の加筆や構成の変更を行うことがありますが、読みやすくするためのものですので、ご容赦ください

自己紹介

秘密計算のスタートアップで働いている社会人２年目です
普段は、秘密計算の研究や社会実装を行なっています

最近は、外部に向けた勉強会もやっています
近々、第2回が開催されますので、皆さん是非ご参加ください
第1回 EAGLYS暗号勉強会

学生時代は、耐量子計算機暗号（特に符号ベース暗号）を研究していました
今でも細々と続けています

Qiita だけでなく、X や Zenn でも活動しています、もしよろしければ
X のアカウント
 Zenn のアカウント

はじめに

2024年における、秘密計算・耐量子計算機暗号に関するニュースや学会の最新動向は下記の記事にてまとめました

【話題整理 2024年版】秘密計算・耐量子計算機暗号のニュース一気見
 【動向調査 2024年版】秘密計算・耐量子計算機暗号の最新動向（学会編）

本記事では、秘密計算に関する ePrint に絞って、内容を整理していきます

やること

2024 年に投稿された 2,100 件の ePrint を対象に、秘密計算に関する内容を整理します

対象とする秘密計算のテーマです↓

全体
準同型暗号一般
BFV/BGV 方式
CKKS 方式
TFHE 方式
MPC
差分プライバシー
Garbled Circuit
TEE

まとめかたとして、ePrint No. とタイトルのみとします（筆者とかを書いてると大変すぎる・・・）

*上記複数分野にまとまっているものがあったり、集計漏れなどは十分にあり得ますので、あくまでご参考までに（特に「準同型暗号一般」に含まれるものはかなりテキトーです）
*タイトルが不正確なものがあります（LaTeXの数式環境は再現していないため）
*本記事投稿時点（2025/01/24）では、準同型暗号のみを掲載しますが、後に他の秘密計算方式（MPCとか Garbled Circuit など）に関してもまとめます

集計結果

全体: 149件

準同型暗号一般: 85件

ePrint No	タイトル
2024/019	Benchmark Performance of Homomorphic Polynomial Public Key Cryptography for Key Encapsulation and Digital Signature Schemes
2024/021	Designing homomorphic encryptions with rational functions
2024/032	Verifiable FHE via Lattice-based SNARKs
2024/041	SASTA: Ambushing Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption Schemes with a Single Fault
2024/087	Tree-based Lookup Table on Batched Encrypted Queries using Homomorphic Encryption
2024/118	Data Privacy Made Easy: Enhancing Applications with Homomorphic Encryption
2024/127	Attacks Against the INDCPA-D Security of Exact FHE Schemes
2024/155	Fully Homomorphic Encryption on large integers
2024/171	Approximate Methods for the Computation of Step Functions in Homomorphic Encryption
2024/181	Functional Bootstrapping for Packed Ciphertexts via Homomorphic LUT Evaluation
2024/202	Fully Homomorphic Encryption beyond IND-CCA1 Security: Integrity through Verifiability
2024/203	Application-Aware Approximate Homomorphic Encryption: Configuring FHE for Practical Use
2024/226	Attribute-based Keyed (Fully) Homomorphic Encryption
2024/273	Information-Theoretic 2-Party Computation from Additive Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption
2024/274	Amortized Large Look-up Table Evaluation with Multivariate Polynomials for Homomorphic Encryption
2024/402	Efficient Unbalanced Quorum PSI from Homomorphic Encryption
2024/460	Encrypted Image Classification with Low Memory Footprint using Fully Homomorphic Encryption
2024/463	Security Guidelines for Implementing Homomorphic Encryption
2024/486	Anamorphic Encryption: New Constructions and Homomorphic Realizations
2024/529	Fully Homomorphic Training and Inference on Binary Decision Tree and Random Forest
2024/559	Convolution-Friendly Image Compression in FHE
2024/594	Greco: Fast Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Valid FHE RLWE Ciphertexts Formation
2024/612	FHERMA: Building the Open-Source FHE Components Library for Practical Use
2024/634	NTRU-based FHE for Larger Key and Message Space
2024/654	Monchi: Multi-scheme Optimization For Collaborative Homomorphic Identification
2024/655	Implementation and Performance Analysis of Homomorphic Signature Schemes
2024/662	Faster Private Decision Tree Evaluation for Batched Input from Homomorphic Encryption
2024/675	Succinctly Verifiable Computation over Additively-Homomorphically Encrypted Data with Applications to Privacy-Preserving Blueprints
2024/707	Towards a Polynomial Instruction Based Compiler for Fully Homomorphic Encryption Accelerators
2024/717	An Improved Threshold Homomorphic Cryptosystem Based on Class Groups
2024/753	Summation-based Private Segmented Membership Test from Threshold-Fully Homomorphic Encryption
2024/812	Relations among new CCA security notions for approximate FHE
2024/823	Batched Distributed Point Function from Sparse LPN and Homomorphic Secret Sharing
2024/853	Practical q-IND-CPA-D-Secure Approximate Homomorphic Encryption
2024/893	How to Construct Quantum FHE, Generically
2024/895	Fully-Succinct Multi-Key Homomorphic Signatures from Standard Assumptions
2024/931	Multi-Hop Multi-Key Homomorphic Signatures with Context Hiding from Standard Assumptions
2024/960	Designs for practical SHE schemes based on Ring-LWR
2024/991	Leveled Homomorphic Encryption Schemes for Homomorphic Encryption Standard
2024/1001	Guidance for Efficient Selection of Secure Parameters for Fully Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1023	Constant-Size Unbounded Multi-Hop Fully Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption from Lattices
2024/1032	Threshold OPRF from Threshold Additive HE
2024/1059	HEProfiler: An In-Depth Profiler of Approximate Homomorphic Encryption Libraries
2024/1064	ArcEDB: An Arbitrary-Precision Encrypted Database via (Amortized) Modular Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1090	PolyFHEmus: Rethinking Multiplication in Fully Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1093	Faster Lookup Table Evaluation with Application to Secure LLM Inference
2024/1094	Notes on Multiplying Cyclotomic Polynomials on a GPU
2024/1098	Limits of Black-Box Anamorphic Encryption
2024/1099	FHE-MENNs: Opportunities and Pitfalls for Accelerating Fully Homomorphic Private Inference with Multi-Exit Neural Networks
2024/1105	A New CRT-based Fully Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1112	HERatio: Homomorphic Encryption of Rationals using Laurent Polynomials
2024/1119	Generic Anamorphic Encryption, Revisited: New Limitations and Constructions
2024/1127	Curl: Private LLMs through Wavelet-Encoded Look-Up Tables
2024/1141	Optimized Privacy-Preserving Clustering with Fully Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1207	What Have SNARGs Ever Done for FHE?
2024/1231	A Composable View of Homomorphic Encryption and Authenticator
2024/1284	Plaintext-Ciphertext Matrix Multiplication and FHE Bootstrapping: Fast and Fused
2024/1307	On Algebraic Homomorphic Encryption and its Applications to Doubly-Efficient PIR
2024/1315	PulpFHE: Complex Instruction Set Extensions for FHE Processors
2024/1353	On the overflow and p-adic theory applied to homomorphic encryption
2024/1366	Adaptive Successive Over-Relaxation Method for a Faster Iterative Approximation of Homomorphic Operations
2024/1429	Powerformer: Efficient Privacy-Preserving Transformer with Batch Rectifier-Power Max Function and Optimized Homomorphic Attention
2024/1499	Multi-Key Fully-Homomorphic Aggregate MAC for Arithmetic Circuits
2024/1502	TopGear 2.0: Accelerated Authenticated Matrix Triple Generation with Scalable Prime Fields via Optimized HE Packing
2024/1505	FINALLY: A Multi-Key FHE Scheme Based on NTRU and LWE
2024/1534	More Efficient Lattice-based OLE from Circuit-private Linear HE with Polynomial Overhead
2024/1543	HEonGPU: a GPU-based Fully Homomorphic Encryption Library 1.0
2024/1535	Fully Composable Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1587	Fully Homomorphic Encryption for Cyclotomic Prime Moduli
2024/1622	A New Approach Towards Encrypted Data Sharing and Computation: Enhancing Efficiency Beyond MPC and Multi-Key FHE
2024/1629	Efficient Key-Switching for Word-Type FHE and GPU Acceleration
2024/1673	Proteus: A Fully Homomorphic Authenticated Transciphering Protocol
2024/1702	Secure and efficient transciphering for FHE-based MPC
2024/1718	Drifting Towards Better Error Probabilities in Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes
2024/1730	Secure and Efficient Outsourced Matrix Multiplication with Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1740	OpenNTT: An Automated Toolchain for Compiling High-Performance NTT Accelerators in FHE
2024/1760	Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption from Linear Homomorphism and Sparse LPN
2024/1762	Homomorphic Matrix Operations under Bicyclic Encoding
2024/1764	Fully Homomorphic Encryption with Efficient Public Verification
2024/1879	Practical Zero-Knowledge PIOP for Public Key and Ciphertext Generation in (Multi-Group) Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1881	THOR: Secure Transformer Inference with Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1899	Fast Multiplication and the PLWE-RLWE Equivalence for an Infinite Family of Cyclotomic Subextensions
2024/1917	Decentralized FHE Computer
2024/1919	PASTA on Edge: Cryptoprocessor for Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1991	CHLOE: Loop Transformation over Fully Homomorphic Encryption via Multi-Level Vectorization and Control-Path Reduction

興味あるePrint

2024/127
2024/181
2024/226
2024/463
2024/559
2024/893
2024/1105

BFV/BGV 方式: 5件

ePrint No	タイトル
2024/115	Accelerating BGV Bootstrapping for Large p Using Null Polynomials Over Z_p^e
2024/153	Revisiting the Slot-to-Coefficient Transformation for BGV and BFV
2024/164	Faster BGV Bootstrapping for Power-of-Two Cyclotomics through Homomorphic NTT
2024/172	Relaxed Functional Bootstrapping: A New Perspective on BGV and BFV Bootstrapping
2024/217	Hardware Acceleration of the Prime-Factor and Rader NTT for BGV Fully Homomorphic Encryption

興味あるePrint

2024/153
2024/164

CKKS 方式: 13件

ePrint No	タイトル
2024/109	Simpler and Faster BFV Bootstrapping for Arbitrary Plaintext Modulus from CKKS
2024/156	Homomorphic sign evaluation with a RNS representation of integers
2024/417	An improved exact CRR basis conversion algorithm for FHE without floating-point arithmetic
2024/767	Bootstrapping Bits with CKKS
2024/849	Fast, Large Scale Dimensionality Reduction Schemes Based on CKKS
2024/883	Low-Latency Linear Transformations with Small Key Transmission for Private Neural Network on Homomorphic Encryption
2024/1379	EvalRound+ Bootstrapping and its Rigorous Analysis for CKKS Scheme
2024/1623	General Functional Bootstrapping using CKKS
2024/1637	Bootstrapping Small Integers With CKKS
2024/1638	Modular Reduction in CKKS
2024/1948	ARK: Adaptive Rotation Key Management for Fully Homomorphic Encryption Targeting Memory Efficient Deep Learning Inference
2024/1976	HI-CKKS: Is High-Throughput Neglected? Reimagining CKKS Efficiency with Parallelism
2024/1984	Low Communication Threshold Fully Homomorphic Encryption

興味あるePrint

2024/156
2024/767
2024/1623
2024/1637
2024/1638

*2024/767 が Eurocrypt で発表された背景があるからか、CKKS の Bootstrap に関する投稿が多いと感じました

TFHE 方式: 18件

ePrint No	タイトル
2024/323	Circuit Bootstrapping: Faster and Smaller
2024/346	A data aggregation protocol based on TFHE
2024/451	Towards Verifiable FHE in Practice: Proving Correct Execution of TFHE's Bootstrapping using plonky2
2024/744	An NVMe-based Secure Computing Platform with FPGA-based TFHE Accelerator
2024/755	FRAST: TFHE-friendly Cipher Based on Random S-boxes
2024/909	Approximate CRT-Based Gadget Decomposition and Application to TFHE Blind Rotation
2024/1052	A New Fine Tuning Method for FHEW/TFHE Bootstrapping with IND-CPAD Security
2024/1114	Time-Memory Trade-off Algorithms for Homomorphically Evaluating Look-up Table in TFHE
2024/1201	Designing a General-Purpose 8-bit (T)FHE Processor Abstraction
2024/1204	A fast heuristic for mapping Boolean circuits to functional bootstrapping
2024/1318	FHEW-like Leveled Homomorphic Evaluation: Refined Workflow and Polished Building Blocks
2024/1667	Overlapped Bootstrapping for FHEW/TFHE and Its Application to SHA3
2024/1672	New Strategies for Bootstrapping Large-Error Ciphertext in Large-Precision FHEW/TFHE Cryptosystem
2024/1916	Fast, Compact and Hardware-Friendly Bootstrapping in less than 3ms Using Multiple Instruction Multiple Ciphertext
2024/1921	Downlink (T)FHE ciphertexts compression
2024/1935	RevoLUT : Rust Efficient Versatile Oblivious Look-Up-Tables
2024/1952	Worst-Case Lattice Sampler with Truncated Gadgets and Applications
2024/2032	Carousel: Fully Homomorphic Encryption from Slot Blind Rotation Technique

興味あるePrint

2024/323
2024/909
2024/1935
2024/1952

MPC: 14件

差分プライバシー: 4件

Garbled Circuit: 8件

TEE: 2件

まとめ

今回の内容はここまでです．ここまでご覧になってくださった方々ありがとうございます！