16
17

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?

More than 5 years have passed since last update.

awkワンライナー集

Last updated at Posted at 2016-09-03

awkワンライナー集

awkはワンライナーでたまに使うが、よく文法を忘れるので例を交えてメモする

サンプルデータファイル

ファイル名:proxy.csv
形式:CSV
デリミタ:,(カンマ)
備考:プロキシサーバ上でキャプチャしたもの


$ head proxy.csv 
"No.","Time","Source","Destination","Protocol","Length","Info"
"1","0.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"2","1.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"3","1.254539","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830160 TSecr=1572813386"
"4","1.257955","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","TCP","86","80  >  40207 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=2 Win=271 Len=0 TSval=1572872727 TSecr=300830160"
"5","1.257977","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [ACK] Seq=2 Ack=2 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830164 TSecr=1572872727"
(省略)
"4990","21.653063","192.168.1.3","192.168.1.62","TCP","60","53875  >  3128 [ACK] Seq=2665 Ack=2690 Win=65024 Len=0"
"4991","21.682212","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.212? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"4992","22.351148","192.168.1.9","192.168.1.255","ALLJOYN-NS","161","VERSION 0 ISAT"
"4993","22.351873","192.168.1.9","192.168.1.255","ALLJOYN-NS","187","VERSION 1 ISAT"
"4994","22.682304","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.212? Tell 192.168.1.66"

ワンライナー集

1. セミコロン(;)で複数行の処理

例:2行目以内と、5行目以降10行目以内を表示

解説:1つ目のNR<=2で2行目以内を表示後、2つ目のNR>=5&&NR<=10で5行目以降10行目以内を表示している

$ awk -F, 'NR <=2 {print $0}; NR >= 5 && NR <= 10 {print $0}' proxy.csv
"No.","Time","Source","Destination","Protocol","Length","Info"
"1","0.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"4","1.257955","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","TCP","86","80  >  40207 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=2 Win=271 Len=0 TSval=1572872727 TSecr=300830160"
"5","1.257977","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [ACK] Seq=2 Ack=2 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830164 TSecr=1572872727"
"6","1.522004","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"7","2.522074","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"8","3.522133","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"9","4.042009","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.205? Tell 192.168.1.66"

2. 前処理(BEGIN)、後処理(END)

例:処理のはじめに"-- start --"、処理の終わりに "-- finish --"を表示

解説:BEGIN{}で処理のはじめに"-- start --"を出力、 NR<=5で5行目以内を表示、END{}で処理の終わりに"-- finish --"を出力している

$ awk -F, 'BEGIN { print "-- start --" } NR <= 5{print NR ":" $2 } END{print "-- finish --"}' proxy.csv 
-- start --
1:"Time"
2:"0.000000"
3:"1.000000"
4:"1.254539"
5:"1.257955"
-- finish --

3. 正規表現

例:ARPだけ抽出

解説:$0 ~ "ARP"で行中に"ARP"の文字列がある行だけ抜き出している

$ awk -F, '$0 ~ "ARP" {print $0}' proxy.csv
"1","0.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"2","1.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"6","1.522004","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
例:ARP以外抽出

解説:$0 !~ "ARP|Protocol"で "ARP"と"Protocol"に一致しない行だけ出力している
※ 一行目のデータラベルの"Protocol"も除くため、 ARP or Protocol(ARP|Protocol) としている

$ awk -F, '$0 !~ "ARP|Protocol" {print $0}' proxy.csv
"3","1.254539","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830160 TSecr=1572813386"
"4","1.257955","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","TCP","86","80  >  40207 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=2 Win=271 Len=0 TSval=1572872727 TSecr=300830160"
"5","1.257977","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [ACK] Seq=2 Ack=2 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830164 TSecr=1572872727"

4. 正規表現と複合条件文

例:はじめの3行目、かつARPのものだけ抽出

解説:$0 ~ "ARP"で"ARP"が含まれている行だけ出力、かつNR<=3で3行目以内のものだけ出力としている

$ awk -F, '($0 ~ "ARP")&&(NR<=3) {print $0}' proxy.csv
"1","0.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"2","1.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
例:ARPで抽出したもの、かつはじめの3行目

解説:$0 ~ "ARP"で"ARP"が含まれている行だけ出力、パイプでつないでその中から3行目以内を出力している

$ awk -F, '($0 ~ "ARP") {print $0}' proxy.csv| awk -F, 'NR <=3 {print $0}'
"1","0.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"2","1.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"6","1.522004","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"

5. printf文

例:1〜3列目の表示と文字列の付加

解説:printfでC言語同様の出力を行っており、%sで文字列を指定している

$ awk -F, '$0 ~ "ARP"{ printf("No:%s Time:%s Source:%s\n",$1,$2,$3) }' proxy.csv
No:"1" Time:"0.000000" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"2" Time:"1.000000" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"6" Time:"1.522004" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"7" Time:"2.522074" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"8" Time:"3.522133" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"9" Time:"4.042009" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"10" Time:"5.042068" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"145" Time:"6.042041" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"329" Time:"6.567033" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"1074" Time:"7.567024" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"2148" Time:"8.567110" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
例:一列目を6桁表示(右揃え)

解説:printf文で書式付きのデータ出力の際、%の前の数字で桁を指定している
※ 左揃えにする場合は、%のあとにマイナスを入れる

$ awk -F, '$5 ~ "ARP"{ printf("No:%6s Time:%s Source:%s\n",$1,$2,$3) }' proxy.csv
No:   "1" Time:"0.000000" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:   "2" Time:"1.000000" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:   "6" Time:"1.522004" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:   "7" Time:"2.522074" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:   "8" Time:"3.522133" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:   "9" Time:"4.042009" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:  "10" Time:"5.042068" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No: "145" Time:"6.042041" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No: "329" Time:"6.567033" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"1074" Time:"7.567024" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"
No:"2148" Time:"8.567110" Source:"Vmware_84:aa:79"

6. 変数

例:ARPの数をカウントする

解説:BEGIN{}で変数sumを初期化、行に"ARP"が含まれる時だけsumに1を加算、END{}で結果を出力している

awk -F, 'BEGIN {sum = 0} $5 ~ "ARP"{ sum = sum + 1 } END {print sum}' proxy.csv
30
$ awk -F, 'BEGIN {sum = 0} $5 ~ "ARP"{ sum += 1 } END {print sum}' proxy.csv
30
$ awk -F, 'BEGIN {sum = 0} $5 ~ "ARP"{ sum++ } END {print sum}' proxy.csv
30

7. if文

例:一行目以降5行ごとに区切り線を入れる

解説:if文で(NR-1)%5==0の時にライン"----------"を表示している

$ awk -F, '{print $0} {if((NR-1) % 5 == 0) {print "----------"}}' proxy.csv
"No.","Time","Source","Destination","Protocol","Length","Info"
----------
"1","0.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"2","1.000000","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.203? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"3","1.254539","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830160 TSecr=1572813386"
"4","1.257955","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","TCP","86","80  >  40207 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=2 Win=271 Len=0 TSval=1572872727 TSecr=300830160"
"5","1.257977","240b:12:2000:6300:250:56ff:fe84:43ba","2404:6800:4004:80e::2002","TCP","86","40207  >  80 [ACK] Seq=2 Ack=2 Win=138 Len=0 TSval=300830164 TSecr=1572872727"
----------
"6","1.522004","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"7","2.522074","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"8","3.522133","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.204? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"9","4.042009","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.205? Tell 192.168.1.66"
"10","5.042068","Vmware_84:aa:79","Broadcast","ARP","60","Who has 192.168.1.205? Tell 192.168.1.66"
----------
"11","5.522504","192.168.1.3","192.168.1.62","TCP","60","53831  >  3128 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=68 Len=0"

8. for文

例:パケットサイズを10で割ったものを"*"で表示

解説:for文で$6(パケットサイズ)を10で割った値分ループを回し"*"を表示している
※ proxy.csvはパケットサイズが文字列になっているためsedでバックスラッシュを消してproxy2.csvとしている

$ sed -e 's/"//g' proxy.csv > proxy2.csv 
$ awk -F, 'NR > 1 {printf("[%-4s] size = %-4d: ",$5,$6)} {for(i=0; i < int($6/10); i++) { printf("*") }; printf("\n") }' proxy2.csv

[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[TCP ] size = 86  : ********
[TCP ] size = 86  : ********
[TCP ] size = 86  : ********
[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[ARP ] size = 60  : ******
[TCP ] size = 60  : ******
[TCP ] size = 60  : ******
[TCP ] size = 60  : ******
[TCP ] size = 66  : ******
[TCP ] size = 66  : ******
[TCP ] size = 66  : ******
[TCP ] size = 66  : ******
[TCP ] size = 54  : *****
[TCP ] size = 86  : ********
[TCP ] size = 54  : *****
[TCP ] size = 54  : *****
[TCP ] size = 60  : ******
[DNS ] size = 84  : ********
[TCP ] size = 66  : ******
[TCP ] size = 66  : ******
[TCP ] size = 86  : ********
[TCP ] size = 86  : ********
[HTTP] size = 294 : *****************************
[TCP ] size = 54  : *****

9. while文

例:パケットサイズを10で割ったものを"*"で表示

解説:for文と同様のことをwhile文に書き換えている

$ awk -F, 'NR > 1 {printf("[%-4s] size = %4d: ",$5,$6)} {i = 0; while(i < int($6/10)) { printf("*"); i++ }; printf("\n") }' proxy2.csv

[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[TCP ] size =   86: ********
[TCP ] size =   86: ********
[TCP ] size =   86: ********
[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[ARP ] size =   60: ******
[TCP ] size =   60: ******
[TCP ] size =   60: ******
[TCP ] size =   60: ******
[TCP ] size =   66: ******
[TCP ] size =   66: ******
[TCP ] size =   66: ******
[TCP ] size =   66: ******
[TCP ] size =   54: *****
[TCP ] size =   86: ********
[TCP ] size =   54: *****
[TCP ] size =   54: *****
[TCP ] size =   60: ******
[DNS ] size =   84: ********
[TCP ] size =   66: ******
[TCP ] size =   66: ******
[TCP ] size =   86: ********
[TCP ] size =   86: ********
[HTTP] size =  294: *****************************
[TCP ] size =   54: *****

10. 配列

例:一行目の要素を配列に入れて全て取り出して表示

解説:split("文字列",出力先配列)で配列のrecordに出力、文字列は-F,で指定したカンマ","区切りで分割、forで要素分ループしている

$ awk -F, '{ if(NR==1) { split($0,record); for( i in record ) { print record[i] } } }' proxy.csv 
"Destination"
"Protocol"
"Length"
"Info"
"No."
"Time"
"Source"
例:プロトコルごとのパケット数をカウント

解説:プロトコル列($5)の文字列を配列のキーに設定し出現回数分加算、END{}で配列のキー分ループを回し結果を出力している

$ awk -F, '{ proto[$5]++ } END{ for ( i in proto) { print i ":" proto[i]} }' proxy.csv
"DNS":1384
"TLSv1.2":453
"TCP":2475
"ALLJOYN-NS":2
"ICMP":3
"HTTP":644
"Protocol":1
"HTTP/XML":2
"ARP":30
"DHCP":1
16
17
0

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
16
17

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?