シスコの SaaS 型監視・振る舞い検知ツールをマルチクラウド環境監視用に使ってみた

$ gcloud --version
Google Cloud SDK 228.0.0
bq 2.0.39
core 2018.12.07
gsutil 4.34

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/<任意の鍵ファイル名> -C <任意のユーザ名>     # SSHの秘密鍵・公開鍵のセットを生成
$ chmod 400 ~/.ssh/<任意の鍵ファイル名>     # 鍵ファイルに対するアクセス権限の変更
$ cat ~/.ssh/my-ssh-key-4-advent.pub     # 公開鍵の確認。GCP Consoleに戻り、Compute Engine＞VMインスタンス＞<任意のインスタンス>を選択し、編集＞SSHの欄に公開鍵をコピペ

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
$ curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ echo "deb https:/apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
$ sudo apt-get install -y kubectl

$ kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"10", GitVersion:"v1.10.7", GitCommit:"0c38c362511b20a098d7cd855f1314dad92c2780", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-08-20T10:09:03Z", GoVersion:"go1.9.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"10+", GitVersion:"v1.10.9-gke.5", GitCommit:"d776b4deeb3655fa4b8f4e8e7e4651d00c5f4a98", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-11-08T20:33:00Z", GoVersion:"go1.9.3b4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME                                           STATUS     ROLES     AGE       VERSION
gke-gke-cluster-1-default-pool-<#>             Ready   <none>    3h        v1.10.9-gke.5
gke-gke-cluster-1-default-pool-<#>             Ready   <none>    5h        v1.10.9-gke.5
gke-gke-cluster-1-default-pool-<#>             Ready   <none>    42m       v1.10.9-gke.5

$ gcloud container clusters get-credentials <GKEクラスター名> --zone <ゾーン名> --project <プロジェクト名>     # 既存の Kubernetes クラスタへの Kubectlエントリを可能にする

$ echo -n "<サービスキー>" > obsrvbl-service-key.txt     # サービスキーを obsrvbl-service-key.txt ファイルに末尾を改行せずに入力
$ kubectl create secret generic obsrvbl --from-file=service_key=obsrvbl-service-key.txt     # obsrvbl-service-key.txt ファイルから Kubernetes Secret を作成
$ rm obsrvbl-service-key.txt     # サービスキーの入ったテキストファイルを削除
$ kubectl create serviceaccount --generator=serviceaccount/v1 obsrvbl     # サービスアカウントを作成
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding "obsrvbl" --clusterrole="view" --serviceaccount="default:obsrvbl"     # GKEクラスター全体のデフォルトの名前空間内の obsrvbl というサービスアカウントに対して、読み取りの権限を持つクラスターロールを付与

$ vim obsrvbl-daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: obsrvbl-ona
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: obsrvbl-ona
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: obsrvbl-ona
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: obsrvbl
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
        - name: ona
          image: obsrvbl/ona:3.1
          env:
            - name: OBSRVBL_SERVICE_KEY
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: obsrvbl
                  key: service_key
            - name: OBSRVBL_KUBERNETES_WATCHER
              value: "true"
            - name: OBSRVBL_HOSTNAME_RESOLVER
              value: "false"
            - name: OBSRVBL_NOTIFICATION_PUBLISHER
              value: "false"

$ apt-get install openssh-server
$ echo /etc/ssh/sshd_config > /etc/ssh/backup_sshd_config
$ vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
"PermitRootLogin prohibit-password" の行を検索で見つけ、"PermitRootLogin yes" に変更し、保存

$ update-rc.d -f ssh enable 2 3 4 5     # OS 起動時に sshd を起動させ、SSH でのリモートアクセスを有効化 (Kali Linux はデフォルト SSH ログイン不可)
$ echo /etc/default/grub > /etc/default/backup_grub
$ vim /etc/default/grub
...
GRUB_CMD_LINUX_DEFAULT="console=ttyS0,38400n8d"     # カーネルコマンドパラメータを変更

$ sudo update-grub

C:\Users\<ユーザ名>>ver

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17134.407]

C:\Users\<ユーザ名>>powershell start-process cmd -verb runas     # 管理者用のコマンドプロンプトへ移行
C\WINDOWS\system32:>cd \Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox     # VirtualBox コマンドを使えるディレクトリへ移動
C:Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage list hdds     # VirtualBox で作成したインスタンスを表示。2つ目がマウント用に用意したインスタンス
UUID:           32761725-6a3a-4c76-a36c-e3f7e4dee9de
Parent UUID:    base
State:          created
Type:           normal (base)
Location:       C:\Users\<ユーザ名>\VirtualBox VMs\Kali-Linux-2018.4-vbox-amd64\Kali-Linux-2018.4-vbox-amd64-disk001.vmdk
Storage format: VMDK
Capacity:       81920 MBytes
Encryption:     disabled

C:Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage clonehd "C:\Users\<ユーザ名>\VirtualBox VMs\Kali-Linux\Kali-Linux-2018.4-vbox-amd64-disk001.vmdk" "D:\tmp\kali.vdi" --format vdi     # VDI 形式に変換して、外付け HDD にクローン
C:Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage clonehd "D:\tmp\kali.vdi" "D:\tmp\disk.raw" --format raw     # VDI を RAW に変換。隠しコマンド "VBoxManage Internalcommands converttoraw" での変換も可能

C:\Users\<ユーザ名>\AppData\Local\Google\Cloud SDK>gsutil mb gs://<バケット名>     # GCP上に Kali Linux のイメージをアップロードするためのバケットを作成
C:\Users\<ユーザ名>\AppData\Local\Google\Cloud SDK>gsutil cp "D:\tmp\kali-linux.tar.gz" gs://<バケット名>     # 圧縮した disk.raw イメージを作成した GCP 上のバケットにコピー

$ gcloud compute images create kali-linux --source-uri gs://<バケット名>/disk.tar.gz
$ gcloud compute machine-types list | grep asia-northeast1-b
f1-micro         asia-northeast1-b          1     0.60
g1-small         asia-northeast1-b          1     1.70
n1-highcpu-16    asia-northeast1-b          16    14.40
n1-highcpu-2     asia-northeast1-b          2     1.80
n1-highcpu-32    asia-northeast1-b          32    28.80
n1-highcpu-4     asia-northeast1-b          4     3.60
n1-highcpu-64    asia-northeast1-b          64    57.60
n1-highcpu-8     asia-northeast1-b          8     7.20
n1-highcpu-96    asia-northeast1-b          96    86.40
n1-highmem-16    asia-northeast1-b          16    104.00
n1-highmem-2     asia-northeast1-b          2     13.00
n1-highmem-32    asia-northeast1-b          32    208.00
n1-highmem-4     asia-northeast1-b          4     26.00
n1-highmem-64    asia-northeast1-b          64    416.00
n1-highmem-8     asia-northeast1-b          8     52.00
n1-highmem-96    asia-northeast1-b          96    624.00
n1-standard-1    asia-northeast1-b          1     3.75
n1-standard-16   asia-northeast1-b          16    60.00
n1-standard-2    asia-northeast1-b          2     7.50
n1-standard-32   asia-northeast1-b          32    120.00
n1-standard-4    asia-northeast1-b          4     15.00
n1-standard-64   asia-northeast1-b          64    240.00
n1-standard-8    asia-northeast1-b          8     30.00
n1-standard-96   asia-northeast1-b          96    360.00

$ gcloud compute instances create kali-linux --image kali-linux --machine-type f1-micro --zone northeast1-b

$ uname -a
Linux kali 4.18.0-kali2-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.18.10-2kali1 (2018-10-09) x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@kali:~# nmap
Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
  -sU: UDP Scan
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
           directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
  -O: Enable OS detection
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
      probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

root@kali:~# nmap <ポートスキャンの対象となる IP アドレス> -sP     # ターゲットのホストが ping に応答するかを確認
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-12-18 10:24 EST
Nmap scan report for <ポートスキャンの対象となる IP アドレス>
Host is up (0.00096s latency).
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.20 seconds

root@kali:~# nmap <ポートスキャンの対象となる IP アドレス> -sS -n     # TCP SYN スキャン (ハーフオープンスキャン・ステルススキャン) を実行し、ターゲットとなるポートから SYN/ACK を受信できるか否かを確認
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-12-18 10:25 EST
Nmap scan report for <ポートスキャンの対象となる IP アドレス>
Host is up (1.0s latency).
Not shown: 991 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
80/tcp   open  http
135/tcp  open  msrpc
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
902/tcp  open  iss-realsecure
912/tcp  open  apex-mesh
3300/tcp open  ceph
3389/tcp open  ms-wbt-server
8081/tcp open  blackice-icecap

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.46 seconds