ディスクに取得したAIXのmksysbファイル(システムバックアップ)から、bootableなDVDメディアを作成してみました。
mksysbファイルを作成した後で、bootableなDVDメディアを作成できるとは思っていたけれど、自分でやるのは初めてだったので、"はじめてのおつかい" 気分です。
参考にしたマニュアルはこちらです。
ISO9660 フォーマットによる CD または DVD のルート・ボリューム・グループ・バックアップの作成:
https://www.ibm.com/docs/ja/aix/7.3?topic=csbcrdrdr-creating-root-volume-group-backup-cd-dvd-iso9660-format
少し試行錯誤がありましたが、結果として分かった環境に関する注意点は以下の部分のみでした。
IBM DVDドライブを使用する場合の注意覚え書き:
IBM スタンドアロンDVDドライブ (#EUA5)を使用する場合、DVD-RAMメディアが必要でした。
複数種のDVD-RやDVD-RWメディアも試しましたが、上手くいったのはDVD-RAMメディアのみ。
しばらく試行錯誤してから気がついたのですが、以下のREADMEに記述がありました。
IBM DVD Drive(#EUA5) を使用する場合は、READMEを読みましょう。
/usr/lpp/bos.sysmgt/mkcd.README.txt
What you'll need - other than your machine
You'll need a recordable CD drive (CD-R or CD-RW) or DVD drive (DVD-RAM).
Note: We currently test using 5X speed DVD-RAM media in IBM DVD-RAM drives.
Additionally, the IBM DVD-RAM drives only support writing to DVD-RAM
media (cannot write to DVD-R/RW, DVD+R/RW or CD media).
環境説明
環境は以下の通りです。
この環境では意図的に、roovgに /workを作成し、そこに100MBのファイルを60個配置しているので、mksysbファイルサイズも大きくなります。
また、 bkupvgに /bkupを作成し、そこにシステムバックアップ(mksysbファイル)を取得することにしました。
- Power9 S914
- AIX 7.3 TL2 SP2
- IBM DVD Drive (機構番号:#EUA5)
- 松下電器産業 DVD-RAM4.7GB(120分)カートリッジタイプ3枚パック LM-AB120LS3
- アマ◯ンで3枚1,000円で買ってみました。
- 届いてからカートリッジタイプだったことに気づき(汗)、カートリッジの中からディスクを抜いて使用しました。
# oslevel -s
7300-02-02-2420
# lspv
hdisk1 00c05040df17d653 bkupvg active
hdisk2 00c05040ee029d0d None
hdisk0 00c05040dedcf51e rootvg active
# df -m
Filesystem MB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 128.00 74.05 43% 2877 14% /
/dev/hd2 2432.00 215.61 92% 45621 46% /usr
/dev/hd9var 192.00 156.87 19% 637 2% /var
/dev/hd3 128.00 126.11 2% 53 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 64.00 63.63 1% 7 1% /home
/dev/hd11admin 128.00 127.63 1% 7 1% /admin
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 64.00 46.29 28% 163 2% /opt
/dev/livedump 256.00 255.64 1% 4 1% /var/adm/ras/livedump
/dev/fslv01 10240.00 4198.10 60% 64 1% /work
/dev/fslv00 20480.00 13842.46 33% 5 1% /bkup
/ahafs - - - 36 1% /aha
#
デフォルトのファイルサイズ制限では大きなmksysbファイルを作成できないため、fsizeを無制限に変更しておきました。
変更後
# ulimit -a
time(seconds) unlimited
file(blocks) unlimited
data(kbytes) 131072
stack(kbytes) 32768
memory(kbytes) 32768
coredump(blocks) 2097151
nofiles(descriptors) 2000
threads(per process) unlimited
processes(per user) 128
システムバックアップのディスクへの取得
mksysbを/bkup/AIX73TL2SP2_mksysbファイルに取得します。
#smitty mksysb
Back Up This System to Tape/File or UDFS capable media
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[MORE...3] [Entry Fields]
output medium. This command backs
up only rootvg volume group.
* Backup DEVICE or FILE [/bkup/AIX73TL2SP2_mks> +/
Create MAP files? no +
Create backup using snapshots? no +
EXCLUDE files? no +
Exclude WPAR file systems? no +
Location of File System Exclusion List [] /
List files as they are backed up? no +
Verify readability if tape device? no +
Generate new /image.data file? yes +
EXPAND /tmp if needed? yes +
Disable software packing of backup? no +
Backup extended attributes? yes +
Number of BLOCKS to write in a single output [] #
(Leave blank to use a system default)
Location of existing mksysb image [] /
File system to use for temporary work space [] /
(If blank, /tmp will be used.)
Back up encrypted files? yes +
Back up DMAPI filesystem files? yes +
Build new alt_disk_install boot_image? no +
[BOTTOM]
F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel F4=List
F5=Reset F6=Command F7=Edit F8=Image
F9=Shell F10=Exit Enter=Do
mksysbの取得が完了
COMMAND STATUS
Command: OK stdout: yes stderr: no
Before command completion, additional instructions may appear below.
Creating information file (/image.data) for rootvg.
Creating list of files to back up
Backing up 50467 files.......
50467 of 50467 files backed up (100%)
0512-038 mksysb: Backup Completed Successfully.
F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel F6=Command
F8=Image F9=Shell F10=Exit /=Find
n=Find Next
n=Find Next
取得されたバックアップファイルの確認
# ls -ltr /bkup
total 15676312
drwxr-xr-x 2 root system 256 Feb 20 14:54 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 8026265600 Feb 20 19:10 AIX73TL2SP2_mksysb
#
ディスクに取得したmksysbファイルから、bootableなDVDを作成する
#smitty mkdvd
以下の画面で1.yesを選択
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Use an existing mksysb image? |
| |
| Move cursor to desired item and press Enter. |
| |
| 1 yes |
| 2 no |
| |
| F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel |
| F8=Image F10=Exit Enter=Do |
| /=Find n=Find Next |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
以下の画面で1.ISO9660 (CD format)を選択
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DVD backup media format? |
| |
| Move cursor to desired item and press Enter. |
| |
| 1 ISO9660 (CD format) |
| 2 UDF (Universal Disk Format) |
| |
| F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel |
| F8=Image F10=Exit Enter=Do |
| /=Find n=Find Next |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
workエリアとして使用されるVGとして、今回はbkupvgを選択してみました。
Back Up This System to ISO9660 DVD
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[TOP] [Entry Fields]
DVD-R or DVD-RAM Device [/dev/cd0] +
* Location of existing mksysb image <up/AIX73TL2SP2_mksysb] /
File system to store DVD file structure [] /
(If blank, the file system
will be created for you.)
File system to store final DVD images [] /
(If blank, the file system
will be created for you.)
If file systems are being created:
Volume Group for created file systems [bkupvg] +
Advanced Customization Options:
Do you want the DVD to be bootable? yes +
Remove final images after creating DVD? yes +
Create the DVD now? yes +
Install bundle file [] /
File with list of packages to copy to DVD [] /
Location of packages to copy to DVD [] +/
Customization script [] /
User supplied bosinst.data file [] /
Debug output? no +
User supplied image.data file [] /
[BOTTOM]
実際のコマンドを確認してみます。
そして実行します。
Back Up This System to ISO9660 DVD
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[MORE...6] [Entry Fields]
File system to store final DVD images [] /
(If blank, the file system
will be created for you.)
If file systems are being created:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ SHOW COMMAND STRING │
│ │
│ Press Enter or Cancel to return to the │
│ application. │
│ │
│ /usr/sbin/mkcd -L -d '/dev/cd0' -m '/bkup/AIX73TL2SP2_mksysb' -V 'bkup │/
[M│ vg' │
│ │
F1│ F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel │
Es│ F8=Image F10=Exit Enter=Do │
F9└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
上記mkdvd実行中に作成されたFSはこんな感じでした。途中でファイルシステムが自動的に作られているようです。
# lsvg -l bkupvg
bkupvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
fslv00 jfs2 640 640 1 open/syncd /bkup
fslv02 jfs2 134 134 1 open/syncd /mkcd/cd_fs
fslv03 jfs2 134 134 1 open/syncd /mkcd/cd_images
# df -m
Filesystem MB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 128.00 74.04 43% 2884 14% /
/dev/hd2 2432.00 215.61 92% 45621 46% /usr
/dev/hd9var 192.00 156.81 19% 639 2% /var
/dev/hd3 128.00 124.93 3% 54 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 64.00 63.63 1% 7 1% /home
/dev/hd11admin 128.00 127.63 1% 7 1% /admin
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 64.00 46.29 28% 163 2% /opt
/dev/livedump 256.00 255.64 1% 4 1% /var/adm/ras/livedump
/dev/fslv01 10240.00 4198.10 60% 64 1% /work
/dev/fslv00 20480.00 12742.11 38% 5 1% /bkup
/ahafs - - - 36 1% /aha
/dev/fslv02 4288.00 202.20 96% 508 1% /mkcd/cd_fs
/dev/fslv03 4288.00 203.99 96% 5 1% /mkcd/cd_images
#
# ls -l /mkcd/cd_fs
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 11 root system 4096 Feb 20 19:17 13894098
drwxr-xr-x 2 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 lost+found
# ls -l /mkcd/cd_fs/13894098
total 56
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 40 Feb 20 19:17 OSLEVEL
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 RPMS
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 6734 Feb 20 19:09 bosinst.data
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 12113 Feb 20 19:09 image.data
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 installp
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 ismp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 49 Feb 20 19:17 mkcd.data
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 ppc
drwxr-xr-x 4 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 root
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 udi
drwxr-xr-x 9 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 usr
#
# ls -l /mkcd/cd_images
total 8327240
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 4263546880 Feb 20 19:17 cd_image_13894098
drwxr-xr-x 2 root system 256 Feb 20 19:17 lost+found
#
途中で、メディアを入れ替えろと促されます。
2枚目のメディアを要求されて入れ替えた後はこんな感じ。
# df -m
Filesystem MB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 128.00 74.04 43% 2884 14% /
/dev/hd2 2432.00 215.61 92% 45621 46% /usr
/dev/hd9var 192.00 156.74 19% 639 2% /var
/dev/hd3 128.00 124.70 3% 54 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 64.00 63.63 1% 7 1% /home
/dev/hd11admin 128.00 127.63 1% 7 1% /admin
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 64.00 46.29 28% 163 2% /opt
/dev/livedump 256.00 255.64 1% 4 1% /var/adm/ras/livedump
/dev/fslv01 10240.00 4198.10 60% 64 1% /work
/dev/fslv00 20480.00 12742.11 38% 5 1% /bkup
/ahafs - - - 36 1% /aha
/dev/fslv02 4288.00 521.99 88% 154 1% /mkcd/cd_fs
/dev/fslv03 4288.00 524.14 88% 5 1% /mkcd/cd_images
# ls -l /mkcd/cd_fs
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 8 root system 4096 Feb 20 19:57 13894098
drwxr-xr-x 2 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 lost+found
# ls -l /mkcd/cd_fs/13894098
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 40 Feb 20 19:17 OSLEVEL
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 RPMS
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 ismp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 60 Feb 20 19:57 mkcd.data
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root system 256 Feb 20 19:14 udi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root system 256 Feb 20 19:57 usr
# ls -l /mkcd/cd_images
total 7671568
-rw-r--r-- 1 root system 3927842816 Feb 20 19:57 cd_image_13894098
drwxr-xr-x 2 root system 256 Feb 20 19:17 lost+found
#
正常終了した。
COMMAND STATUS
Command: OK stdout: yes stderr: no
Before command completion, additional instructions may appear below.
[TOP]
Initializing mkcd log: /var/adm/ras/mkcd.log...
Verifying command parameters...
Creating temporary file system: /mkcd/cd_fs...
Populating the CD or DVD file system...
Building chrp boot image...
Copying backup to the CD or DVD file system...
..
Creating temporary file system: /mkcd/cd_images...
Creating Rock Ridge format image: /mkcd/cd_images/cd_image_13894098
Running mkisofs ...
.
mkrr_fs was successful.
Making the CD or DVD image bootable...
Writing the CD or DVD image to device: /dev/cd0...
Running readcd ...
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
...........................................
burn_cd was successful.
The backup will require an additional CD or DVD.
Remove the current writable CD or DVD (volume 1) from the
CD or DVD device and place a new writable CD or DVD (volume 2),
in device /dev/cd0.
Press the <enter> key when ready...
Copying the remainder of the backup to the CD or DVD file system...
Creating Rock Ridge format image: /mkcd/cd_images/cd_image_13894098
Running mkisofs ...
.
mkrr_fs was successful.
Writing the CD or DVD image to device: /dev/cd0...
Running readcd ...
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
..........................
burn_cd was successful.
Removing temporary file system: /mkcd/cd_images...
Removing temporary file system: /mkcd/cd_fs...
[BOTTOM]
F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel F6=Command
F8=Image F9=Shell F10=Exit /=Find
n=Find Next
リストアもテストしてみます。
SMSで起動します。
以下で5を選択
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main Menu
1. Select Language
2. Setup Remote IPL (Initial Program Load)
3. I/O Device Information
4. Select Console
5. Select Boot Options
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation Keys:
X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
Open Completed.
以下で1を選択
PowerPC Firmware
Version FW950.80 (VL950_131)
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Multiboot
1. Select Install/Boot Device
2. Configure Boot Device Order
3. Multiboot Startup <OFF>
4. SAN Zoning Support
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation keys:
M = return to Main Menu
ESC key = return to previous screen X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
以下で2を選択
PowerPC Firmware
Version FW950.80 (VL950_131)
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Select Device Type
1. Tape
2. CD/DVD
3. Hard Drive
4. Network
5. List all Devices
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation keys:
M = return to Main Menu
ESC key = return to previous screen X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
以下で5を選択
PowerPC Firmware
Version FW950.80 (VL950_131)
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Select Media Type
1. SCSI
2. SAN
3. SAS
4. SATA
5. USB
6. NVMe
7. List All Devices
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation keys:
M = return to Main Menu
ESC key = return to previous screen X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
以下で1を選択
PowerPC Firmware
Version FW950.80 (VL950_131)
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Select Device
Device Current Device
Number Position Name
1. - USB CD-ROM
( loc=U78D2.001.WZS012T-P1-T3-L1 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation keys:
M = return to Main Menu
ESC key = return to previous screen X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
以下で2を選択
Version FW950.80 (VL950_131)
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Select Task
USB CD-ROM
( loc=U78D2.001.WZS012T-P1-T3-L1 )
1. Information
2. Normal Mode Boot
3. Service Mode Boot
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation keys:
M = return to Main Menu
ESC key = return to previous screen X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
以下で1を選択
PowerPC Firmware
Version FW950.80 (VL950_131)
SMS (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2000,2023 All rights reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Are you sure you want to exit System Management Services?
1. Yes
2. No
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Navigation Keys:
X = eXit System Management Services
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type menu item number and press Enter or select Navigation key:
DVDからbootしてきました。
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
-
Elapsed time since release of system processors: 136922 mins 8 secs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to AIX.
boot image timestamp: 10:16:32 02/20/2025
The current time and date: 09:30:58 02/21/2025
processor count: 1; memory size: 8192MB; kernel size: 58075317
boot device: /pci@800000020000017/usb@0/hub@1/cdrom@1:\ppc\chrp\bootfile.exe
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
以下の画面で1を選択
boot device: /pci@800000020000017/usb@0/hub@1/cdrom@1:\ppc\chrp\bootfile.exe
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
******* Please define the System Console. *******
Type a 1 and press Enter to use this terminal as the
system console.
Pour definir ce terminal comme console systeme, appuyez
sur 1 puis sur Entree.
Taste 1 und anschliessend die Eingabetaste druecken, um
diese Datenstation als Systemkonsole zu verwenden.
Premere il tasto 1 ed Invio per usare questo terminal
come console.
Escriba 1 y pulse Intro para utilizar esta terminal como
consola del sistema.
Escriviu 1 1 i premeu Intro per utilitzar aquest
terminal com a consola del sistema.
Digite um 1 e pressione Enter para utilizar este terminal
como console do sistema.
以下の画面で1を選択
>>> 1 Type 1 and press Enter to have English during install.
88 Help ?
>>> Choice [1]:
以下の画面で2を選択し、環境を確認する。
Welcome to Base Operating System
Installation and Maintenance
Type the number of your choice and press Enter. Choice is indicated by >>>.
>>> 1 Start Install Now with Default Settings
2 Change/Show Installation Settings and Install
3 Start Maintenance Mode for System Recovery
4 Make Additional Disks Available
5 Select Storage Adapters
88 Help ?
99 Previous Menu
>>> Choice [1]: 2
今回はこれで良いので、リストア開始
System Backup Installation and Settings
Either type 0 and press Enter to install with the current settings, or type the
number of the setting you want to change and press Enter.
Setting: Current Choice(s):
1 Disk(s) where you want to install ...... hdisk0
Use Maps............................. No
2 Shrink File Systems..................... No
3 Import User Volume Groups............... Yes
4 Recover Devices......................... Yes
>>> 0 Install with the settings listed above.
+-----------------------------------------------------
88 Help ? | WARNING: Base Operating System Installation will
99 Previous Menu | destroy or impair recovery of ALL data on the
| destination disk hdisk0.
>>> Choice [0]:
リストアが始まりました。
Installing Base Operating System
Please wait...
Approximate Elapsed time
% tasks complete (in minutes)
0 0
2枚目を要求してきました。
42 11 46% of mksysb data restored.
Please remove volume 1, insert volume 2, and press the ENTER key.
メディアを入れ替えてEnterし、リストアが継続されます。
Installing Base Operating System
Please wait...
Approximate Elapsed time
% tasks complete (in minutes)
43 5313 48% of mksysb data restored.
起動してきました。
AIX Version 7
Copyright IBM Corporation, 1982, 2023.
Console login:
# oslevel -s
7300-02-02-2420
# df -m
Filesystem MB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 128.00 74.08 43% 2878 14% /
/dev/hd2 2432.00 215.67 92% 45621 46% /usr
/dev/hd9var 192.00 156.70 19% 638 2% /var
/dev/hd3 128.00 126.12 2% 54 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 64.00 63.63 1% 7 1% /home
/dev/hd11admin 128.00 127.63 1% 7 1% /admin
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 64.00 46.29 28% 163 2% /opt
/dev/livedump 256.00 255.64 1% 4 1% /var/adm/ras/livedump
/dev/fslv01 10240.00 4198.10 60% 64 1% /work
/dev/fslv00 20480.00 12742.11 38% 5 1% /bkup
/ahafs - - - 36 1% /aha
#
以上でリストアができました。
あとがき
今回意図的に大きなmksysbファイルにしていて、mksysbファイルは約8GB、そのmksysbファイルからbootableなDVDを作成するのに約80分ほどかかりました。
新規AIXを導入(Server/App/CDEバンドル含む)しただけのrootvgであれば、2GB以下のmksysbファイルで、bootable DVDの作成も20分くらいで終わりました。
何かの参考になれば幸いです。