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Swift 2のfor-inフィルタとパターンマッチ (for-in-whereとfor-case-let-in)

Last updated at Posted at 2015-08-17

Swift 2.0では、ループ処理のfor-in文にフィルタとパターンマッチを適用できるようになります。WWDC 2015のビデオ "What's New in Swift" の19:20あたりから説明を見ることができます。

フィルタ (for-in-where)

Swift 1.x

    for value in 0..<10 {
        if value < 2 {
            println(value)
        }
    }
    
    // Prints:
    // "0"
    // "1"

Swift 2.0

    for value in 0..<10 where value < 2 {
        print(value)
    }
    
    // Prints:
    // "0"
    // "1"

パターンマッチ (for-case-let-in)

列挙型

Swift 1.x

    enum Exam {
        case Pass(Int)
        case Fail(Int)
    }

    let exams: [Exam] = [.Fail(40), .Pass(100), .Pass(80)]

    for exam in exams {
        switch exam {
        case .Pass(let score):
            println(score)
        default:
            break
        }
    }

    // Prints:
    // "100"
    // "80"

Swift 2.0

    for case .Pass(let score) in exams {
        print(score)
    }

    // Prints:
    // "100"
    // "80"

タプル

Swift 1.x

    let prices = [("Mocha", 430), ("Latte", 370), ("Cappuccino", 370), ("Americano", 340)]

    for (name, price) in prices {
        if price == 370 {
            println(name)
        }
    }

    // Prints:
    // "Latte"
    // "Cappuccino"

Swift 2.0

    for case let (name, 370) in prices {
        print(name)
    }

    // Prints:
    // "Latte"
    // "Cappuccino"

フィルタとパターンマッチの組み合わせ (for-case-let-in-where)

Swift 1.x

    for (name, price) in prices {
        if price == 370 {
            if name.hasPrefix("L") {
                println(name)
            }
        }
    }

    // Prints: "Latte"

Swift 2.0

    for case (let name, 370) in prices where name.hasPrefix("L") {
        print(name)
    }

    // Prints: "Latte"

まとめ

for-inでフィルタやパターンマッチを利用することにより、if文の入れ子を減らすことができます。filter, map, flatMap, reduceと比較し、わかりやすく書ける方を採用すればいいでしょう。

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