結論

./gradlew bootBuildImage
↓
docker run -it -p 8888:8888 sample-rest-controller:0.0.1

説明

./gradlew bootBuildImage --imageName={イメージ名}:{バージョン(X.X.X)}でイメージ作成可能。とってもかんたん。
（少し時間かかる場合がある）

./gradlew bootBuildImage --imageName=sample-rest-controller:0.0.1

（略）

Successfully built image 'docker.io/library/sample-rest-controller:0.0.1'


BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 3m 33s
5 actionable tasks: 3 executed, 2 up-to-date

docker image lsすると、作成されたイメージが確認できる。

docker image ls
REPOSITORY                      TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
sample-rest-controller          0.0.1      f6e62c028ea8   43 years ago   277MB

コンテナ起動してみる。

docker run -it -p 8888:8888 sample-rest-controller:0.0.1

WARNING: The requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the detected host platform (linux/arm64/v8) and no specific platform was requested
Setting Active Processor Count to 4
Calculating JVM memory based on 3117676K available memory
For more information on this calculation, see https://paketo.io/docs/reference/java-reference/#memory-calculator
Calculated JVM Memory Configuration: -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=10M -Xmx2732403K -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=78072K -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=240M -Xss1M (Total Memory: 3117676K, Thread Count: 50, Loaded Class Count: 11370, Headroom: 0%)
Enabling Java Native Memory Tracking
Adding 124 container CA certificates to JVM truststore
Spring Cloud Bindings Enabled
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Djava.security.properties=/layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/java-security-properties/java-security.properties -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:ActiveProcessorCount=4 -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=10M -Xmx2732403K -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=78072K -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=240M -Xss1M -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=summary -XX:+PrintNMTStatistics -Dorg.springframework.cloud.bindings.boot.enable=true

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v3.0.1)

2022-12-31T10:19:34.329Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.e.s.SampleRestApiApplication           : Starting SampleRestApiApplication using Java 17.0.5 with PID 1 (/workspace/BOOT-INF/classes started by cnb in /workspace)
2022-12-31T10:19:34.344Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.e.s.SampleRestApiApplication           : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2022-12-31T10:19:40.891Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8888 (http)
2022-12-31T10:19:40.933Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2022-12-31T10:19:40.934Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine    : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.4]
2022-12-31T10:19:41.286Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2022-12-31T10:19:41.301Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 6642 ms
2022-12-31T10:19:43.631Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver      : Exposing 1 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'
2022-12-31T10:19:43.844Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8888 (http) with context path ''
2022-12-31T10:19:43.906Z  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.e.s.SampleRestApiApplication           : Started SampleRestApiApplication in 11.273 seconds (process running for 13.171)

参考（公式）