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2.9(易) 変数変換

Last updated at Posted at 2021-07-17

方針

問9以降変数変換するような問題が続くが,確率変数の扱いと定数の扱いをしっかりする必要がある.例えば,今回の

Y=\sigma X+\mu

という変数変換だが,

P[Y\leq y_\alpha]=P[Y\leq \sigma x_\alpha+\mu]

という式変形はしても意味がない(定数の表記を変えてるだけ).「確率変数Yがある定数y_alpha以下であるような確率は,確率変数Xが何以下である確率と等しいのか?」を知りたいので,

P[Y\leq y_\alpha]=P[\sigma X+\mu\leq y_\alpha]

として考えるのが良い.

答案

確率変数Yの上側alpha分位点をy_alphaとおくと,定義より

P[Y\leq y_\alpha]=1-\alpha

である.今,

Y=\sigma X+\mu,\ \sigma>0

を用いて

\begin{align}
P[Y\leq y_\alpha]&= P[\sigma X+\mu\leq y_\alpha]\\
&= P[X\leq\frac{y_\alpha-\mu}{\sigma}]=1-\alpha
\end{align}

従って,

\frac{y_\alpha-\mu}{\sigma}=x_\alpha\ \Rightarrow\ y_\alpha=\sigma x_\alpha+\mu

参考文献

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