突然ですがみなさんgitの使い方に困った時、どうしてますか？"git force push しちゃった"とかいってググっちゃいますか？
10時間に渡るフライト中、読書もしたし昼寝もしたし、やることがなくなった時、どうしてますか？CAさんに絡みますか？
そんな時は是非、gitのmanページとか読んでみましょう。
$ man git
GIT(1) Git Manual GIT(1)
NAME
git - the stupid content tracker
まずは冒頭です。gitはバカ構成管理システムなんですね。知りませんでした。
SYNOPSIS
git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
[--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
[-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
<command> [<args>]
manページの最初に必ず載っているのがこのSYNOPSISです。慣れないと何を言っているのかわからないかもしれませんが、下記のようなルールを押さえておくと読めると思います。
[必須でないオプションや引数]
<必須の引数>
ここを読むだけで、そのコマンドの使い方はだいたい分かってしまうというわけです。
DESCRIPTION
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both
high-level operations and full access to internals.
続いて概要の説明があります。何はともかくgitはサイコーであると言ってます。
See gittutorial(7) to get started, then see giteveryday(7) for a useful minimum set of commands. The Git User's Manual[1]
has a more in-depth introduction.
After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more
about individual Git commands with "git help command". gitcli(7) manual page gives you an overview of the command-line
command syntax.
Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation can be viewed at
http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html.
初学者がどうやってgitを習得すれば良いか、ドキュメントの場所も含めて丁寧に導いてくれています。素晴らしいですね。ドキュメントにこれだけ力を入れてくれていると知りたい情報にすぐにたどり着けるので、本当に助かります。
なおgittutorial(7) というのはgittutorialのsection-7のmanページという意味です。gittutorialのmanページはsection-7しかないようなので、man gittutorial で参照することができました。
続いて。
OPTIONS
--version
Prints the Git suite version that the git program came from.
--help
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands. If the option --all or -a is given then all available
commands are printed. If a Git command is named this option will bring up the manual page for that command.
Other options are available to control how the manual page is displayed. See git-help(1) for more information, because
git --help ... is converted internally into git help ....
ここから各オプションの説明に入っていきます。
--versionはいいとして、--help をよく見てください。--allか-aを併用すると、すべてのコマンドが表示されるが、そうでなければ 一番よく使うコマンド が一覧表示されると書いてあります。
実際にやってみましょう。
$ git --help
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]
[--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
[-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
<command> [<args>]
These are common Git commands used in various situations:
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
clone Clone a repository into a new directory
init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
add Add file contents to the index
mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state
rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index
examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
bisect Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
grep Print lines matching a pattern
log Show commit logs
show Show various types of objects
status Show the working tree status
grow, mark and tweak your common history
branch List, create, or delete branches
checkout Switch branches or restore working tree files
commit Record changes to the repository
diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
merge Join two or more development histories together
rebase Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
fetch Download objects and refs from another repository
pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
push Update remote refs along with associated objects
'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
$ git --help -a
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]
[--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
[-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
<command> [<args>]
available git commands in '/usr/local/Cellar/git/2.6.3/libexec/git-core'
add merge-index
add--interactive merge-octopus
am merge-one-file
annotate merge-ours
apply merge-recursive
archimport merge-resolve
archive merge-subtree
bisect merge-tree
bisect--helper mergetool
blame mktag
branch mktree
bundle mv
cat-file name-rev
check-attr notes
check-ignore p4
check-mailmap pack-objects
check-ref-format pack-redundant
checkout pack-refs
checkout-index patch-id
cherry prune
cherry-pick prune-packed
citool pull
clean push
clone quiltimport
column read-tree
commit rebase
commit-tree receive-pack
config reflog
count-objects relink
credential remote
credential-cache remote-ext
credential-cache--daemon remote-fd
credential-store remote-ftp
cvsexportcommit remote-ftps
cvsimport remote-http
cvsserver remote-https
daemon remote-testsvn
describe repack
diff replace
diff-files request-pull
diff-index rerere
diff-tree reset
difftool rev-list
difftool--helper rev-parse
fast-export revert
fast-import rm
fetch send-email
fetch-pack send-pack
filter-branch sh-i18n--envsubst
fmt-merge-msg shell
for-each-ref shortlog
format-patch show
fsck show-branch
fsck-objects show-index
gc show-ref
get-tar-commit-id stage
grep stash
gui status
gui--askpass stripspace
hash-object submodule
help svn
http-backend symbolic-ref
http-fetch tag
http-push unpack-file
index-pack unpack-objects
init update-index
init-db update-ref
instaweb update-server-info
interpret-trailers upload-archive
log upload-pack
ls-files var
ls-remote verify-commit
ls-tree verify-pack
mailinfo verify-tag
mailsplit web--browse
merge whatchanged
merge-base worktree
merge-file write-tree
git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH
branch-by-author lfs
credential-osxkeychain subtree
'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
-aをつけると、見たこともないコマンドがたくさん出てきますね。でも、臆することはありません。--helpの解説にあるように、git <command> --help とすることで、懇切丁寧なドキュメントを瞬時に参照することができるからです。
いかがでしたでしょうか？
gitの使い方を調べるとき、暇で暇でしょうがないとき、gitのmanページとかhelpを読むというのも、いい習慣になると思いますよ。