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valgrindでC/C++のメモリリークを発見する

Last updated at Posted at 2015-04-07

c言語やc++のプログラムのメモリリークをチェックするのに、valgrindが便利です。

install

sudo apt-get install valgrind

brew install valgrind
で入ります。

参考: Yosemiteでvalgrindを入れる - Qiita

使ってみる

例えば次のような、メモリリークやダブルフリーをしてるコードがあるとします。

#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
  char* test1 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 4);
  char* test2 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 4);

  free(test2);
  free(test2);
}

上の例では、test1が解放されておらず, test2が2回フリーされてる。

ビルドします。

gcc sample.c -g

valgrindを使って実行します。

valgrind --leak-check=full ./a.out

すると、以下のように出力されます。

==23525== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==23525==    at 0x1000089DF: free (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==23525==    by 0x100000F4F: main (sample.c:8)
==23525==  Address 0x10081f510 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 4 free'd
==23525==    at 0x1000089DF: free (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==23525==    by 0x100000F46: main (sample.c:7)
==23525==
==23525==
==23525== HEAP SUMMARY:
==23525==     in use at exit: 34,997 bytes in 426 blocks
==23525==   total heap usage: 507 allocs, 82 frees, 41,129 bytes allocated
==23525==
==23525== 4 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 81
==23525==    at 0x10000859B: malloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==23525==    by 0x100000F26: main (sample.c:4)
==23525==
==23525== LEAK SUMMARY:
==23525==    definitely lost: 4 bytes in 1 blocks
==23525==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==23525==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==23525==    still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==23525==         suppressed: 34,993 bytes in 425 blocks
==23525==
==23525== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==23525== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 17 from 17)

上記のうち、

==23525== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==23525==    at 0x1000089DF: free (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==23525==    by 0x100000F4F: main (sample.c:8)
==23525==  Address 0x10081f510 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 4 free'd
==23525==    at 0x1000089DF: free (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==23525==    by 0x100000F46: main (sample.c:7)

の部分は、7行目でfreeしたのに8行目でもfreeしてしまっていることを示しています。

そして、

==23525== 4 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 81
==23525==    at 0x10000859B: malloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/HEAD/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==23525==    by 0x100000F26: main (sample.c:4)

では4行目のmallocで確保した領域が解放されていないことを示しています。

という感じでお手軽にチェックできるので、とりあえずvalgrindかけてみるのはおすすめです。

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