#問題

IBM CloudのCentOS8にて、dnf updateでパッケージを最新化できない。以下のエラーがでる。

[root@syasuda ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)

[root@syasuda ~]# dnf update
Last metadata expiration check: 2:23:09 ago on Mon Sep 28 18:34:38 2020.
Error:
 Problem: cannot install both centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch and centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch
  - package centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64 requires centos-gpg-keys = 8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch
  - problem with installed package centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64
(try to add '--allowerasing' to command line to replace conflicting packages or '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages or '--nobest' to use not only best candidate packages)

これは、centos-gpg-keysが原因のようだ。

[root@syasuda ~]# dnf update centos-gpg-keys
Last metadata expiration check: 1:00:53 ago on Wed Sep 30 12:00:28 2020.
Error:
 Problem: cannot install both centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch and centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch
  - package centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64 requires centos-gpg-keys = 8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch
  - problem with installed package centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64
(try to add '--allowerasing' to command line to replace conflicting packages or '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages or '--nobest' to use not only best candidate packages)

[root@syasuda ~]# dnf provides centos-gpg-keys
Last metadata expiration check: 2:26:39 ago on Mon Sep 28 18:34:38 2020.
centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch : CentOS Linux RPM keys
Repo        : @System
Matched from:
Provide    : centos-gpg-keys = 8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8

centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch : CentOS Linux RPM keys
Repo        : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide    : centos-gpg-keys = 8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8

失敗例

無理やり--allowerasingオプションを付けて更新してみたら、/etc/passwdなど含めて色々なファイルが更新されるので、やめておいた方がいい（と思う）

[root@syasuda ~]# dnf update centos-gpg-keys --allowerasing
Last metadata expiration check: 1:01:48 ago on Wed Sep 30 12:00:28 2020.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                         Architecture           Version                                            Repository                                         Size
===================================================================================================================================================================
Upgrading:
 centos-gpg-keys                 noarch                 8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8                                 BaseOS                                             12 k
Removing dependent packages:
 audit                           x86_64                 3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8                    @7993e58f8c307da5e7cbdc3c8d2489fc                 656 k
 centos-release                  x86_64                 8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8                                 @7993e58f8c307da5e7cbdc3c8d2489fc                  25 k
 centos-repos                    x86_64                 8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8                                 @7993e58f8c307da5e7cbdc3c8d2489fc                 9.4 k
 cloud-init                      noarch                 19.4-1.el8.7                                       @3fffc052a6c566f3c93d11ec36329abc                 3.0 M
 initscripts                     x86_64                 10.00.6-1.el8_2.1                                  @7993e58f8c307da5e7cbdc3c8d2489fc                 1.0 M
 setup                           noarch                 2.12.2-5.el8                                       @7993e58f8c307da5e7cbdc3c8d2489fc                 708 k
 shadow-utils                    x86_64                 2:4.6-8.el8                                        @7993e58f8c307da5e7cbdc3c8d2489fc                 5.1 M

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade  1 Package
Remove   7 Packages

Total download size: 12 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch.rpm                                                                                       36 kB/s |  12 kB     00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                               36 kB/s |  12 kB     00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                           1/1
  Running scriptlet: centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch                                                                                                 1/1
  Upgrading        : centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch                                                                                                 1/9
  Running scriptlet: audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64                                                                                              2/9
  Erasing          : audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64                                                                                              2/9
  Running scriptlet: audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64                                                                                              2/9
  Running scriptlet: cloud-init-19.4-1.el8.7.noarch                                                                                                            3/9
  Erasing          : cloud-init-19.4-1.el8.7.noarch                                                                                                            3/9
warning: /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg saved as /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.rpmsave

  Running scriptlet: cloud-init-19.4-1.el8.7.noarch                                                                                                            3/9
  Running scriptlet: initscripts-10.00.6-1.el8_2.1.x86_64                                                                                                      4/9
  Erasing          : initscripts-10.00.6-1.el8_2.1.x86_64                                                                                                      4/9
  Running scriptlet: initscripts-10.00.6-1.el8_2.1.x86_64                                                                                                      4/9
  Erasing          : shadow-utils-2:4.6-8.el8.x86_64                                                                                                           5/9
  Erasing          : setup-2.12.2-5.el8.noarch                                                                                                                 6/9
warning: /etc/shadow saved as /etc/shadow.rpmsave
warning: /etc/passwd saved as /etc/passwd.rpmsave
warning: /etc/hosts saved as /etc/hosts.rpmsave
warning: /etc/gshadow saved as /etc/gshadow.rpmsave
warning: /etc/group saved as /etc/group.rpmsave

  Erasing          : centos-release-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                  7/9
  Running scriptlet: centos-release-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                  7/9
  Erasing          : centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                    8/9
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-fasttrack.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-fasttrack.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-centosplus.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-centosplus.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-PowerTools.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-PowerTools.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-HA.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-HA.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Extras.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Extras.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-CR.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-CR.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-AppStream.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-AppStream.repo.rpmsave

  Cleanup          : centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch                                                                                                 9/9
  Running scriptlet: centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch                                                                                                 9/9
  Verifying        : centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch                                                                                                 1/9
  Verifying        : centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.noarch                                                                                                 2/9
  Verifying        : audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64                                                                                              3/9
  Verifying        : centos-release-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                  4/9
  Verifying        : centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                    5/9
  Verifying        : cloud-init-19.4-1.el8.7.noarch                                                                                                            6/9
  Verifying        : initscripts-10.00.6-1.el8_2.1.x86_64                                                                                                      7/9
  Verifying        : setup-2.12.2-5.el8.noarch                                                                                                                 8/9
  Verifying        : shadow-utils-2:4.6-8.el8.x86_64                                                                                                           9/9

Upgraded:
  centos-gpg-keys-8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8.noarch

Removed:
  audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64  centos-release-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64  centos-repos-8.2-2.2004.0.1.el8.x86_64  cloud-init-19.4-1.el8.7.noarch
  initscripts-10.00.6-1.el8_2.1.x86_64          setup-2.12.2-5.el8.noarch                 shadow-utils-2:4.6-8.el8.x86_64

Complete!

#（とりあえず無難な）解決方法。

もっといい方法があれば教えてください。

centos-gpg-keysを更新しなければいいのだから、/etc/dnf/dnf.confに、exclude=centos-gpg-keysを追加。

[root@syasuda ~]# grep centos-gpg-keys /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
exclude=centos-gpg-keys

この状態だと、dnf updateが可能。

[root@syasuda ~]# dnf update
Last metadata expiration check: 1:43:12 ago on Tue Sep 29 23:24:10 2020.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                         Architecture                  Version                                         Repository                     Size
===================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel                                          x86_64                        4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2                           BaseOS                        2.8 M
 kernel-core                                     x86_64                        4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2                           BaseOS                         28 M
 kernel-modules                                  x86_64                        4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2                           BaseOS                         23 M
Upgrading:
 bind-export-libs                                x86_64                        32:9.11.13-6.el8_2.1                            BaseOS                        1.1 M
 centos-release                                  x86_64                        8.2-2.2004.0.2.el8                              BaseOS                         21 k
 dnf-plugins-core                                noarch                        4.0.12-4.el8_2                                  BaseOS                         64 k
 initscripts                                     x86_64                        10.00.6-1.el8_2.2                               BaseOS                        338 k
 kernel-tools                                    x86_64                        4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2                           BaseOS                        3.0 M
 kernel-tools-libs                               x86_64                        4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2                           BaseOS                        2.8 M
 libcroco                                        x86_64                        0.6.12-4.el8_2.1                                BaseOS                        113 k
 librepo                                         x86_64                        1.11.0-3.el8_2                                  BaseOS                         90 k
 libteam                                         x86_64                        1.29-1.el8_2.2                                  BaseOS                         63 k
 python3-dnf-plugins-core                        noarch                        4.0.12-4.el8_2                                  BaseOS                        204 k
 python3-librepo                                 x86_64                        1.11.0-3.el8_2                                  BaseOS                         52 k
 python3-perf                                    x86_64                        4.18.0-193.19.1.el8_2                           BaseOS                        2.9 M
 python3-syspurpose                              x86_64                        1.26.20-1.el8_2                                 BaseOS                        287 k
 selinux-policy                                  noarch                        3.14.3-41.el8_2.6                               BaseOS                        615 k
 selinux-policy-targeted                         noarch                        3.14.3-41.el8_2.6                               BaseOS                         15 M
 teamd                                           x86_64                        1.29-1.el8_2.2                                  BaseOS                        128 k
 zlib                                            x86_64                        1.2.11-16.el8_2                                 BaseOS                        102 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================
Install   3 Packages
Upgrade  17 Packages

Total download size: 81 M
Is this ok [y/N]: