'ubuntu' virtual environment setup by 'Vagrant' + 'VirtualBox' on Windows10 Pro

install VirtualBox

• download
  • https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
    • VirtualBox 6.0.4 platform packages
      • Windows hosts
        • VirtualBox-6.0.4-128413-Win.exe

install Vagrant

• download
  • https://www.vagrantup.com
    • Download 2.2.4

setup guest OS

Start-up Git-Bash

• Start menu => 'Git Bash' [Enter]

Confirm version

$ vagrant -v
Vagrant 2.2.4

create directory for vagrant

$ mkdir -p /g/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu/
$ cd /g/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu/

proxy setting if host OS connect to internet by way of proxy server

• open '.bash_profile'

vim ~/.bash_profile

• add proxy setting command

export HTTP_PROXY=http://user-id:password@proxyserver's FQDN:8080
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://user-id:password@proxyserver's FQDN:8080

• reflect '.bash_profile' setting

$ source ~/.bash_profile 

download and add ubuntu/xenial64

$ vagrant box add ubuntu/xenial64
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'ubuntu/xenial64'
    box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/ubuntu/xenial64
==> box: Adding box 'ubuntu/xenial64' (v20190308.0.0) for provider: virtualbox
    box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/ubuntu/boxes/xenial64/versions/20190308.0.0/providers/virtualbox.box
    box: Download redirected to host: cloud-images.ubuntu.com
    box:
==> box: Successfully added box 'ubuntu/xenial64' (v20190308.0.0) for 'virtualbox'!

confirm ubuntu/xenial64

$ vagrant box list
ubuntu/xenial64 (virtualbox, 20190308.0.0)

create and confirm Vagrantfile

$ vagrant init ubuntu/xenial64
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
$ ls
Vagrantfile

confirm item 'config.vm.box' is "ubuntu/xenial64"

$ cat Vagrantfile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

Start-up guest OS

$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'ubuntu/xenial64'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/xenial64' version '20190308.0.0' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: ubuntu_default_1552155611959_58459
Vagrant is currently configured to create VirtualBox synced folders with
the `SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate` option enabled. If the Vagrant
guest is not trusted, you may want to disable this option. For more
information on this option, please refer to the VirtualBox manual:

  https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#sharedfolders

This option can be disabled globally with an environment variable:

  VAGRANT_DISABLE_VBOXSYMLINKCREATE=1

or on a per folder basis within the Vagrantfile:

  config.vm.synced_folder '/host/path', '/guest/path', SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate: false
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Connection reset. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Connection aborted. Retrying...
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default:
    default: Guest Additions Version: 5.1.38
    default: VirtualBox Version: 6.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => G:/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu

connect guest OS by SSH

$ vagrant ssh
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-142-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
    http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

New release '18.04.2 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.


vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$

proxy setting if ubntu server connect via from proxy server to internet

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf

• add these tow line

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://user id:password@proxy server:port no";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://user id:password@proxy server:port no";

update

update 'deb' package

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo apt -y update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [109 kB]
Hit:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [428 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [107 kB]
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [172 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [7,532 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,600 B]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse Translation-en [2,676 B]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en [4,354 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse Translation-en [106 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [920 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [737 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Translation-en [305 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [16.6 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse Translation-en [8,440 B]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 Packages [7,280 B]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main Translation-en [4,456 B]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [7,804 B]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe Translation-en [4,184 B]
Fetched 15.1 MB in 9s (1,586 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.

upgrade 'deb' package

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo apt -y upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

logout and shutdown guest OS

logout

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ exit
logout
Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

shutdown

$ vagrant halt
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...

$ vagrant global-status
id       name    provider   state    directory
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
242b962  default virtualbox poweroff G:/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu

The above shows information about all known Vagrant environments
on this machine. This data is cached and may not be completely
up-to-date (use "vagrant global-status --prune" to prune invalid
entries). To interact with any of the machines, you can go to that
directory and run Vagrant, or you can use the ID directly with
Vagrant commands from any directory. For example:
"vagrant destroy 1a2b3c4d"

Localizing into Japanese of guest OS messages

Start-up guest OS

$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/xenial64' version '20190308.0.0' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default:
    default: Guest Additions Version: 5.1.38
    default: VirtualBox Version: 6.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => G:/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

connect guest OS by SSH

$ vagrant ssh
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-142-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
    http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

New release '18.04.2 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.


Last login: Sat Mar  9 18:22:16 2019 from 10.0.2.2
vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$

install Japanese language package

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo apt install language-pack-ja
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  language-pack-ja-base
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  language-pack-ja language-pack-ja-base
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3,163 kB of archives.
After this operation, 14.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 language-pack-ja-base all 1:16.04+20160627 [2,016 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 language-pack-ja all 1:16.04+20171210 [1,147 kB]
Fetched 3,163 kB in 13s (228 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package language-pack-ja-base.
(Reading database ... 54200 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../language-pack-ja-base_1%3a16.04+20160627_all.deb ...
Unpacking language-pack-ja-base (1:16.04+20160627) ...
Selecting previously unselected package language-pack-ja.
Preparing to unpack .../language-pack-ja_1%3a16.04+20171210_all.deb ...
Unpacking language-pack-ja (1:16.04+20171210) ...
Replacing files in old package language-pack-ja-base (1:16.04+20160627) ...
Setting up language-pack-ja (1:16.04+20171210) ...
Setting up language-pack-ja-base (1:16.04+20160627) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
  ja_JP.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ sudo update-locale LANG=ja_JP.UTF-8

add environment variable for language setting to login shell setting file

open '.bashrc'

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ vi .bashrc

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
# shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
# force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
        # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
        # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
        # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
# force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
        # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
        # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
        # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
# export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

add end of '.bashrc'

export LANGUAGE=ja_JP:ja

reflection of environment variable

vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ source ~/.bashrc

reboot vagrant

change directory to virtual machine

$ cd /g/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu/

start-up vagrant

$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/xenial64' version '20190308.0.0' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default:
    default: Guest Additions Version: 5.1.38
    default: VirtualBox Version: 6.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => G:/Dev/Vagrant/ubuntu
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.