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c言語_constで注意すべきこと

Last updated at Posted at 2017-05-04
func1.h
#define FUNC1
#ifdef FUNC1
    extern int function1(const char **p);
#endif
func1.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "func1.h"
#include "func2.h"

int function1(const char **p)
{
        function2(p);
        return (0);
}
func2.h
#define FUNC2
#ifdef FUNC2
    extern int function2(char **p);
#endif
func2.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "func2.h"

int function2(char **p)
{
    printf("*p=%p\n", *p);
    *p = *p + 1;
    printf("*p=%p\n", *p);
    return(0);
}
main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "func1.h"
#include "func2.h"

int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {

    const char *name = "tanaka";

    printf("name=%s\n", name);
    function1(&name);
    printf("name=%s\n", name);
    return(0);

}

コンパイル結果:


% gcc -c func1.c -Wall

func1.c:7:12: warning: passing 'const char **' to parameter of type 'char **' discards
      qualifiers in nested pointer types [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
        function2(p);
                  ^
./func2.h:3:33: note: passing argument to parameter 'p' here
    extern int function2(char **p);
                                ^
1 warning generated.

実行結果:

main.o
name=tanaka
*p=0x106215f9e
*p=0x106215f9f
name=anaka

function2がfunction1から呼ばれている場合、function1の引数をconstとしてしまうと、function2の引数もconstにしなければならなくなる。下手をするとfunction2が使えないという状況も出てくる。

function1とfunction2が別の開発者により開発されている場合、function1の開発者からの指摘がなければfunction2の引数がconstされない可能性がある。

コンパイルするとwarningは出るが、main.oは普通に動いてしまう。
関数が深くネストする場合には、constの使用は控えるのがよい。
  
参考:

C言語入門書の次に読む本

 
 
 
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