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OpalでRubyをJavaScriptにコンパイルする

Last updated at Posted at 2016-10-11

opalコマンドは、通常RubyのスクリプトをJavaScriptに変換し、実行まで行います。

$ cat test.rb
p "hello"
$ opal test.rb
"hello"

Rubyスクリプトを実行せずに、JavaScriptに変換する場合には、-cオプションをつけます。

$ opal -c test.rb
(function(undefined) {
  // @note
  //   A few conventions for the documentation of this file:
  //   1. Always use "//" (in contrast with "/**/")
  //   2. The syntax used is Yardoc (yardoc.org), which is intended for Ruby (se below)
  //   3. `@param` and `@return` types should be preceded by `JS.` when referring to
  //      JavaScript constructors (e.g. `JS.Function`) otherwise Ruby is assumed.
  //   4. `nil` and `null` being unambiguous refer to the respective
  //      objects/values in Ruby and JavaScript
  //   5. This is still WIP :) so please give feedback and suggestions on how
  //      to improve or for alternative solutions
  //
  //   The way the code is digested before going through Yardoc is a secret kept
  //   in the docs repo (https://github.com/opal/docs/tree/master).

  if (typeof(this.Opal) !== 'undefined') {
    console.warn('Opal already loaded. Loading twice can cause troubles, please fix your setup.');
    return this.Opal;
  }

  var nil;

  // The actual class for BasicObject
  var BasicObject;
(以下略)

最初の部分はOpal本体で、末尾に変換したRubyスクリプトが続きます。変換スクリプトのみを出力するには、-Oオプションも追加します。

$ opal -cO test.rb
/* Generated by Opal 0.10.2 */
(function(Opal) {
  var self = Opal.top, $scope = Opal, nil = Opal.nil, $breaker = Opal.breaker, $slice = Opal.slice;

  Opal.add_stubs(['$p']);
  return self.$p("hello")
})(Opal);

/* Generated by Opal 0.10.2 */
(function(Opal) {
  var self = Opal.top, $scope = Opal, nil = Opal.nil, $breaker = Opal.breaker, $slice = Opal.slice;

  Opal.add_stubs(['$exit']);
  return $scope.get('Kernel').$exit()
})(Opal);

/* Generated by Opal 0.10.2 */が2つあり、2つの無名関数が出力されています。後者の方は雰囲気的にKernel.exit()のようなものを実行しているように見えます。これはopalがあえて追加しているもので、これを削るには-Eオプションをさらに追加します。

$ opal -cOE test.rb
/* Generated by Opal 0.10.2 */
(function(Opal) {
  var self = Opal.top, $scope = Opal, nil = Opal.nil, $breaker = Opal.breaker, $slice = Opal.slice;

  Opal.add_stubs(['$p']);
  return self.$p("hello")
})(Opal);

これで必要最低限のコードのみ出力されるようになります。

なお、method_missingを使っていない場合は、-Mオプションを追加するともっと短くなります。

$ opal -cOEM test.rb
/* Generated by Opal 0.10.2 */
(function(Opal) {
  var self = Opal.top, $scope = Opal, nil = Opal.nil, $breaker = Opal.breaker, $slice = Opal.slice;

  return self.$p("hello")
})(Opal);
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