はじめに
以前「Multics on docker」「Multics on docker part2」という記事を書きました。
Alpine Linuxもバージョンアップしてたりするし、最新の Dps8/M エミュレータを使ってみようと思った。
色々やったんですが、libuvがgitからのダウンロードで失敗するし、Multics の QuickStart もダウンロードが遅いしということで、Dockerfile の見直しを行いました。
Dps8/Mはmasterブランチのを使おうとしたら接続できなかったのでR3.0.1としましたが、7/28時点でmasterブランチでも OK でした。
「Multics on docker」「Multics on docker part2」は内容が重複するので削除しました。
参考になるサイトはMultics Wikiです。
Dockerfile
「apk del build-dependencies」は後々のことを考えれば、削除した方が良いかも。gccとか無くなってしまいます。
Dockerfile
FROM alpine:3.20.2
RUN apk update \
&& apk --no-cache --virtual .build-deps add tzdata \
&& cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime \
&& echo "Asia/Tokyo" > /etc/timezone \
&& apk del --purge .build-deps
ENV BUILDPKGS "git libtool automake make clang m4 autoconf gcc libc-dev libpcap-dev pcre-dev"
RUN apk --no-cache add --virtual build-dependencies $BUILDPKGS && \
mkdir -p /opt/multics_install && \
cd /opt/multics_install && \
wget https://github.com/libuv/libuv/archive/refs/heads/v1.x.zip && \
unzip v1.x.zip && \
cd libuv-1.x && \
sh autogen.sh && \
./configure && \
make -j $(nproc) && \
make install
RUN cd /opt/multics_install && \
git clone https://gitlab.com/dps8m/dps8m.git && \
cd dps8m && \
git checkout master && \
sed '55i#define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE' -i src/simh/sim_fio.c && \
make -j $(nproc) && \
cp /opt/multics_install/dps8m/src/prt2pdf/prt2pdf /usr/local/bin && \
cp /opt/multics_install/dps8m/src/punutil/punutil /usr/local/bin && \
make install && \
rm -R /opt/multics_install
RUN mkdir -p /opt/multics
COPY QuickStart_MR12.8.zip /opt/multics/
RUN unzip /opt/multics/QuickStart_MR12.8.zip -d /opt/multics/ && \
rm /opt/multics/QuickStart_MR12.8.zip && \
mv /opt/multics/QuickStart_MR12.8 /opt/multics/qs
RUN apk add busybox-extras && \
apk del build-dependencies && \
rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
EXPOSE 6180
WORKDIR /opt/multics/qs
#ENTRYPOINT ["dps8", "MR12.8_boot.ini"]
環境ができたら色々試したいので ENTRYPOINT は取り合えずコメントとしました。
サイトの設定
タイムゾーンの設定やらユーザの追加を行います。 /opt/multics/qs/site_setup.shというファイルがあります。 これを更新し、「./site_setup.sh > kazu.ini」と設定ファイルを作成、「dps8 kazu.ini」とやって設定を反映させます。 元の site_setup.sh との差分は以下です。追加するユーザ名等変更しています。
予め用意して置いて、Dockerイメージ作る際に実行しても良いかな。
--- site_setup.sh
+++ site_setup.sh_orig
@@ -4,31 +4,31 @@
# -----------------
# Your System name
-SYSTEM_NAME="Kazu Corp. Systems"
+SYSTEM_NAME="Yoyodyne Propulsion Systems"
SYSTEM_NAME_DOUBLE_SPACED=`echo ${SYSTEM_NAME} | sed "s/\(.\)/\1 /g" | sed "s/ $//"`
# Project Administrator name
-PROJECT_ADMINISTRATOR="Kazuhisa, Shimizu"
+PROJECT_ADMINISTRATOR="Chiclitz, Clayton"
# Project Administratot Organization
-ORGANIZATION_ADMINISTRATOR="Kazu"
+ORGANIZATION_ADMINISTRATOR="Yoyodyne"
# Your Account name
### TODO : has to start with an upper case letter
-ACCOUNT_NAME="Kazuhisa"
+ACCOUNT_NAME="Clayton"
# Your Account password
### TODO: Check length and valid characters (8, [a-zA-Z0-9] ? )
ACCOUNT_PASSWORD="password"
# Your name and organization
-NAME="Kazuhisa, Shimizu"
-ORGANIZATION="Kazu"
+NAME="Chiclitz, Clayton"
+ORGANIZATION="Yoyodyne"
-TIME_ZONE="jst"
+TIME_ZONE="pst"
cat <<EOF
-attach -r tape0 12.8MULTICS.tap
+attach -r tape0 12.7MULTICS.tap
attach disk0 root.dsk
set debug stdout
その後「dps8 MR12.8_boot.ini」で起動します。
$ docker run -it -p 6180:6180 --name multics multics
/opt/multics/qs # dps8 MR12.8_boot.ini
DPS8/M simulator X3.0.1*+255 (64-bit)
Commit: 346c0708c1eb29a37ee3f92d99a088b55e62871d
Please register your system at https://ringzero.wikidot.com/wiki:register
or create the file 'serial.txt' containing the line 'sn: 0'.
TAPE: unit is read only (12.8MULTICS.tap)
Note:
If, during boot, you see the message "bce: Unrecognizable request. Type lr for a list of requests.", you can safely ignore it.
[FNP emulation: TELNET server listening on 0.0.0.0:6180]
CPU A thread created.
CONSOLE: ALERT
bootload_0: Booting system MR12.8 generated 08/02/23 1032.0 pdt Wed.
1312.8 announce_chwm: 431. pages used of 512. in wired environment.
1312.8 announce_chwm: 708. words used of 1024. in int_unpaged_page_tables.
find_rpv_subsystem: Enter RPV data: M-> [auto-input] rpv a11 ipc 3381 0a
1312.8 load_mst: 954. out of 1048. pages used in disk mst area.
bce (early) 1312.8: M-> [auto-input] bce
System was last shutdown at:
Sunday, July 28, 2024 22:12:12 jst
Current system time is: Sunday, July 28, 2024 22:12:50 jst.
Is this correct? M-> [auto-input] yes
bce (boot) 2212.8: M-> [auto-input] yes
bce: Unrecognizable request. Type lr for a list of requests.
bce (boot) 2212.8: M-> [auto-input] boot star
2213.0 CPU A: Model #: DPS 8/SIM M; Serial #: 0; Ship date: 240727; PROM Layout Version: 2;
Simulator Release: X3.0.1 (2024-07-27); Build Number: <None>;
Build Arch: x86_64; Build OS: Linux;
Target Arch: Intel x86_64 (AMD64); Target OS: Linux.
Multics MR12.8 - 07/28/24 2213.0 jst Sun
2213.0 Loading FNP d, >user_dir_dir>SysAdmin>a>mcs.7.6c>site_mcs 7.6c
[FNP emulation: FNP d received BOOTLOAD command]
[FNP emulation: FNP already initialized]
2213.0 FNP d loaded successfully
scavenge_vol: No volumes found
Ready
2213 as as_init_: Multics MR12.8; Answering Service 17.0
2213 as LOGIN IO.SysDaemon dmn cord (create)
2213 as LOGIN Backup.SysDaemon dmn bk (create)
2213 as LOGIN IO.SysDaemon dmn prta (create)
2213 as LOGIN Utility.SysDaemon dmn ut (create)
2213 as LOGIN Volume_Dumper.Daemon dmn vinc (create)
2213 as as_mcs_mpx_: Load signalled for FNP d.
2213 bk
2213 cord Enter command: coordinator, driver, or logout:
--> cord
2213 prta Enter command: coordinator, driver, or logout:
--> prta
2213 bk r 22:13 0.236 34
2213 bk
--> bk
2213 ut copy_dump: Attempt to re-copy an invalid dump.
2213 vinc
2213 vinc r 22:13 0.238 25
2213 vinc
--> vinc
2213 as sc_admin_command_: Utility.SysDaemon.z: delete_old_pdds
2213 ut send_admin_command: Execution started ...
2213 ut completed.
2213 ut
2213 ut Records Left % VTOCEs Left % PB/PD LV Name
2213 ut
2213 ut 166388 91410 55 42326 33808 80 pb root
2213 ut
2213 ut r 22:13 1.378 498
2213 ut
--> ut
2213.1 RCP: Attached tapa_00 for Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Detached tapa_00 from Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Attached rdra for Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Detached rdra from Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Attached puna for Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Detached puna from Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Attached prta for Utility.SysDaemon.z
2213.1 RCP: Detached prta from Utility.SysDaemon.z
Multicsへの接続
立ち上げた後の接続はMultics on dockerで書いたユーザRepairでできます。Teraterm等でローカルホストのポート6180にアクセスします。ユーザRepairの初期パスワードはrepairです。ここでは site_setuup.sh で作成したユーザでログインしてみます。
HSLA Port (d.h000,d.h001,d.h002,d.h003,d.h004,d.h005,d.h006,d.h007,d.h008,d.h009,d.h010,d.h011,d.h012,d.h013,d.h014,d.h015,d.h016,d.h017,d.h018,d.h019,d.h020,d.h021,d.h022,d.h023,d.h024,d.h025,d.h026,d.h027,d.h028,d.h029,d.h030,d.h031)?
Attached to line d.h000
Multics MR12.8: Kazu Corp. Systems (Channel d.h000)
Load = 5.0 out of 90.0 units: users = 5, 07/28/24 2216.1 jst Sun
login Kazuhisa
Password:
You are protected from preemption until 22:16.
Kazuhisa.SysEng logged in 07/28/24 2216.3 jst Sun from ASCII terminal "none".
New messages in message_of_the_day:
Welcome to the Multics System.
print_motd: Created >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>Kazuhisa.value.
r 22:16 0.262 33
ls
Segments = 2, Lengths = 1.
r w 1 Kazuhisa.value
r w 0 card_input.acs
r 22:16 0.037 6
date
07/28/24
r 22:16 0.029 3
who -a -lg
Multics MR12.8; Kazu Corp. Systems
Load = 6.0 out of 90.0 units; users = 6, 1 interactive, 5 daemons.
Absentee users = 0 background; Max background absentee users = 3
System up since 07/28/24 2213.0 jst Sun
Last shutdown was at 07/28/24 2212.1 jst Sun
Login at TTY Load User ID
07/28/24 22:13 cord 1.0 IO.SysDaemon
22:13 bk 1.0 Backup.SysDaemon
22:13 prta 1.0 IO.SysDaemon
22:13 ut 1.0 Utility.SysDaemon
22:13 vinc 1.0 Volume_Dumper.Daemon
22:16 none 1.0 Kazuhisa.SysEng
r 22:17 0.064 2
site_setup.shで設定した「Multics MR12.8: Kazu Corp. Systems」となり、ユーザ「Kazuhisa」でログインでき、タイムゾーンもJSTとなりました。
注意点として31行目の「attach -r tape0 12.7MULTICS.tap」は「attach -r tape0 12.8MULTICS.tap」に修正しましょう。
Multicsのshutdown
ついでに shutdown の方法も再掲します。ESC、「logout * * *」、ESC、「shut」、ESC、「die」「yes」と必要に応じてESCを叩きます。
M-> CONSOLE: RELEASED
M-> logout * * *
Ready
M->
CONSOLE: RELEASED
2219 as LOGOUT IO.SysDaemon.z dmn cord 0: 0 $0.01 (looc)
2219 as LOGOUT Backup.SysDaemon.z dmn bk 0: 0 $0.02 (looc)
2219 as LOGOUT IO.SysDaemon.z dmn prta 0: 0 $0.02 (looc)
2219 as LOGOUT Utility.SysDaemon.z dmn ut 0: 1 $1.77 (looc)
2219 as LOGOUT Volume_Dumper.Daemon.z dmn vinc 0: 0 $0.02 (looc)
M-> shut
2219 as act_ctl_: shutdown, 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0:0:6 $3.38
2219.7 shutdown complete
bce (boot) 2219.7: M-> die
Do you really wish bce to die? M-> yes
BCE DIS causes CPU halt
+---------------------------------+
| CPU A Statistics |
+---------------------------------+
| cycles 318416356 |
| instructions 159873663 |
+---------------------------------+
| lockCnt 220142668 |
| lockImmediate 220142668 |
+---------------------------------+
| lockWait 0 |
| lockWaitMax 0 |
| lockYield 0 |
+---------------------------------+
| CPU A Micro-cache Statistics |
+---------------------------------+
| Instruction Fetch: |
| Hits 30577502 |
| Misses 1776894 |
| Skipped 36882959 |
| Effectiveness 44.16% |
+---------------------------------+
| Operand Read: |
| Hits 27221047 |
| Misses 4795107 |
| Skipped 0 |
| Effectiveness 85.02% |
+---------------------------------+
| Cache Bypasses: |
| RALR 78 |
| CALL6 675035 |
| Segno 0 |
+---------------------------------+
Simulation stop, IC: 000000 (000000000000)
sim>
アーカイブからのファイル取り出し
archiveコマンドでアーカイブファイルから取り出せます。
ls >ldd>unbundled>source>tss_basic_.s.archive
Segments = 1, Lengths = 20.
re 20 tss_basic_.s.archive
4sqrs.basic
annuit.basic
bayes.basic
biconf.basic
blkjak.basic
condif.basic
conlim.basic
curfit.basic
linpro.basic
linreg.basic
pert.basic
plotto.basic
polfit.basic
return.basic
saving.basic
stat12.basic
triang.basic
truint.basic
twoplo.basic
unista.basic
xyplot.basic
r 13:37 0.053 48
archive x >ldd>unbundled>source>tss_basic_.s.archive 4sqrs.basic
r 13:38 0.021 30
ls
Segments = 3, Lengths = 2.
r w 1 4sqrs.basic
r w 1 Kazuhisa.value
r w 0 card_input.acs
r 13:38 0.009 0
print 4sqrs.basic
4sqrs.basic 07/23/24 1340.6 jst Tue
10 PRINT "4SQRS"
20 PRINT "N = A^2 + B^2 + C^2 + D^2"
30 PRINT
40 PRINT "N A B C D"
50 PRINT"------------------------"
60 PRINT
70 INPUT M
80 LET N=ABS(M)
90 LET R=SQR(N)
100 FOR A = 0 TO R
110 LET A2=A*A
120 LET N1=N-A2
130 FOR B = 0 TO N1
140 LET B2=B*B
150 LET N2=N1-B2
160 FOR C = 0 TO N2
170 LET C2 = C*C
180 IF A2+B2+C2 > N THEN 270
190 LET D = SQR(N-A2-B2-C2)
200 IF D > INT(D) THEN 260
210 IF M>=0 THEN 240
220 PRINT " ";-A;-B;-C;-D
230 GO TO 60
240 PRINT " ";A;B;C;D
250 GO TO 60
260 NEXT C
270 NEXT B
280 NEXT A
290 GO TO 60
300 END
r 13:40 0.048 13
印刷
Printing_Filesに方法が書いてありました。コンソールで「x io」を入力し、印刷デーモンを動かします。
M-> CONSOLE: RELEASED
M-> x io
sc_command r cord coordinator
pause 10
1347 cord I/O Coordinator Version: 3.2
1347 cord I/O Coordinator initialized
--> cord
sc_command r prta driver
sc_command r prta prta
sc_command r prta go
Ready
M->
CONSOLE: RELEASED
1347.3 RCP: Attached prta for IO.SysDaemon.z
1347 prta
1347 prta IO Daemon Driver Version: 5.7
1347 prta
1347 prta Enter command or device/request_type:
1347 cord New driver for device prta, request type printer (series = 10000)
1347 prta
1347 prta prta driver ready at 07/23/24 1347.4 jst Tue
1347 prta
端末で「enter_output_request」(「eor」)コマンドで印刷します。
eor 4sqrs.basic
1 request submitted; 0 already in printer queue 3.
r 13:49 0.116 25
そうすると印刷デーモンが動きます。
1349 prta Request 10001 printer q3: >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>4sqrs.basic
1349 prta from Kazuhisa.SysEng.a
1349 prta Charge for request 10001: $0.05 (30 lines, 1 pages)
1349 prta prta driver: No requests, driver is idle.
動かしたカレントディレクトリにprtファイルが作成されます。
/opt/multics/qs # ls -l prta.spool.*.Kazuhisa.SysEng*
-rw------- 1 root root 9637 Jul 23 13:49 prta.spool.10001.Kazuhisa.SysEng.a.BuX9us.prt
/opt/multics/qs #
*.prtはdps8mのソースに含まれるprt2pdfでPDFに変換できます。
/opt/multics/qs # prt2pdf < prta.spool.10001.Kazuhisa.SysEng.a.BuX9us.prt > 4sqrs.pdf
/opt/multics/qs #
以下、PDFのイメージです。表表紙、ファイルの内容、裏表紙が出力されます。
カードデッキから読み込み
Reading a Card Deckにある通り、カードデッキイメージを作成し、カードリーダのデーモンを起動します。
まず、カードデッキイメージを作成します。以下では「/tmp/rdra/sdeck.test.txt」です。
++data test.txt \Kazuhisa \Sys\Eng
++password XXXXXXXX
++format mcc noaddnl notrim
++control overwrite
++input
This is a test of card reading.
This is a test of card reading.
This is a test of card reading.
コンソールでデーモンを用いてカードを読み込みます。
M-> x rc
clean_card_pool -age 7
All entries older than 7 days have been removed.
sc_command login IO SysDaemon rdra
pause 10
1655 as LOGIN IO.SysDaemon dmn rdra (create)
1656 rdra Enter command: coordinator, driver, or logout:
--> rdra
sc_command r rdra driver
sc_command r rdra rdra
sc_command r rdra read_cards
Ready
M->
CONSOLE: RELEASED
1656.1 RCP: Attached rdra for IO.SysDaemon.z
1656 rdra
1656 rdra IO Daemon Driver Version: 5.7
1656 rdra
1656 rdra Enter command or device/request_type:
1656 cord New driver for device rdra, request type dummy (series = 20000)
1656 rdra
1656 rdra rdra driver ready for station reader at 07/23/24 1656.2 jst Tue
1656 rdra
1656 rdra Card input started.
1656 rdra *Begin deck*
1656 rdra Reading test.txt.0 (mcc) for Kazuhisa.SysEng.
1656 rdra *Successful read*
1656 rdra rdra: ***** Device Attention.
1656 rdra ***** Hopper empty or Stacker full.
1656 rdra
読み込まれたデータはシステムが保持しているので、ログインし、自分のファイルとします。
copy_cards test.txt
1 card decks copied.
r 16:58 0.027 1
ls test.txt
Segments = 1, Lengths = 1.
rew 1 test.txt
r 16:58 0.008 0
pr test.txt
test.txt 07/23/24 1658.3 jst Tue
This is a test of card reading.
This is a test of card reading.
This is a test of card reading.
r 16:58 0.012 0
Multics 12.8インストールテープイメージ
テープイメージはMR12.8_artifacts.zipを入手すると楽です。中身は以下です。
% unzip -l MR12.8_artifacts.zip
Archive: MR12.8_artifacts.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
0 2023-08-11 06:40 MR12.8_artifacts/
68191 2023-08-09 05:13 MR12.8_artifacts/MR12.8_SRB.txt
107501264 2023-08-06 03:12 MR12.8_artifacts/12.8UNBUNDLED.tap
7317 2023-08-06 09:56 MR12.8_artifacts/MR12.8_coldboot.ini
2686260 2023-08-09 04:56 MR12.8_artifacts/12.8MISC.tap
9486 2023-08-06 10:01 MR12.8_artifacts/Tickets_fixed_in_MR12.8
59364556 2023-08-06 03:10 MR12.8_artifacts/12.8EXEC.tap
327810 2023-08-06 10:01 MR12.8_artifacts/system_book_
1797 2023-08-08 11:34 MR12.8_artifacts/MR12.7_to_MR12.8_upgrade.ini
195008052 2023-08-11 06:39 MR12.8_artifacts/12.8LDD_STANDARD.tap
5349060 2023-08-06 03:10 MR12.8_artifacts/12.8MULTICS.tap
34175764 2023-08-10 00:21 MR12.8_artifacts/12.8AML.tap
801 2023-08-06 09:56 MR12.8_artifacts/MR12.8_boot.ini
79778 2023-08-09 05:13 MR12.8_artifacts/MR12.8_SIB.txt
--------- -------
404580136 14 file
tapeUtilsを入手しましょう。12.8UNBUNDLED.tapを見てみます。
% restore_tape 12.8UNBUNDLED_restore 12.8UNBUNDLED.tap
Reading tape file: 12.8UNBUNDLED.tap
Tape label information:
Gold Hill Multics
12.8UNBUNDLED
3 DIR 0 >library_dir_dir>mcs
4 DIR 0 >library_dir_dir>mcs>info
5 DIR 0 >library_dir_dir>mcs>source
6 SEG 962712 >library_dir_dir>mcs>info>355_macros
Creating BINARY file 12.8UNBUNDLED_restore\library_dir_dir\mcs\info\355_macros ()
34 SEG 736803 >library_dir_dir>mcs>info>macros.map355
Creating BINARY file 12.8UNBUNDLED_restore\library_dir_dir\mcs\info\macros.map355 (.map355)
55 SEG 7785 >library_dir_dir>mcs>info>macros_asm
Creating BINARY file 12.8UNBUNDLED_restore\library_dir_dir\mcs\info\macros_asm ()
57 SEG 12897 >library_dir_dir>mcs>info>site_mcs.bind_fnp
Creating BINARY file 12.8UNBUNDLED_restore\library_dir_dir\mcs\info\site_mcs.bind_fnp (.bind_fnp)
59 SEG 66060 >library_dir_dir>mcs>info>site_mcs.list
Creating BINARY file 12.8UNBUNDLED_restore\library_dir_dir\mcs\info\site_mcs.list (.list)
(snip)
ソース関連のリストは以下の通りです(一部です）。
% ls */library_dir_dir/*/source
12.8UNBUNDLED_restore/library_dir_dir/mcs/source:
mcs.s.archive mcs_bisync.s.archive mcs_hasp.s.archive mcs_x25.s.archive
mcs_autocall.s.archive mcs_g115.s.archive mcs_ibm3270.s.archive
12.8UNBUNDLED_restore/library_dir_dir/system_library_unbundled/source:
bound_ascii_dsm_.s.archive bound_imft_.s.archive
bound_basic_.s.archive bound_l6_ftf_.s.archive
bound_basic_runtime_.s.archive bound_linus_.1.s.archive
bound_bft_.s.archive bound_linus_.2.s.archive
bound_cobol_back_.1.s.archive bound_lisp_compiler_.s.archive
bound_cobol_back_.2.s.archive bound_lisp_intrprtr_.1.s.archive
bound_cobol_back_.3.s.archive bound_lisp_intrprtr_.2.s.archive
(snip)
bound_ibm_io_.s.archive
端末設定
何も設定せずにログインした場合、端末設定は以下となります。
stty -a
Type: ASCII
Modes: ll79,^pl,can_type=overstrike,^edited,^tabs,can,esc,erkl,^rawi,^rawo,^red
\c,^vertsp,crecho,lfecho,tabecho,hndlquit,fulldpx,echoplex,^capo,^replay,^polit
\ce,^ctl_char,^blk_xfer,^breakall,^scroll,^prefixnl,^wake_tbl,^iflow,^oflow,^no
\c_outp,^8bit,^oddp.
Erase: #, Kill: @
Frame_begin: \000, Frame_end: \000
Delays: vert_nl 127, horz_nl 0.960, const_tab 94, var_tab 1.000, backspace 16
\c, vt_ff 511
r 14:34 0.020 0
これだと不便なので、.bashrcと同じようなものとして「start_up.ec」と作成し、sttyコマンドを実行するようにします。
edm
Input.
stty -ttp vt100
.
Edit.
w start_up.ec
q
r 14:35 0.031 7
これでemacsを立ち上げたときに端末は聞かれません。
コマンドの紹介
pwd(print_wdir)
cd(create_dir)
dd(delete_dir)
cwd(change_wdir)
ls(list)
dl(delete)
pr(print)
後、最初に以下を読みましょう。
・New User's Intro to Multics Part 1
・New User's Intro to Multics Part 2
Multicsの基本が書かれています。
引数が分からない場合、helpコマンドを使いましょう。
help cd
>doc>info>cd.info (11 lines follow; 90 lines in info)
1985-02-08 create_dir, cd
Syntax as a command: cd paths {-control_args}
Function: creates a specified directory branch in a specified
directory or in your working directory; that is, it creates a storage
system entry for an empty subdirectory.
Arguments:
paths
are pathnames of directories to be created.
Control arguments (16).
More help?
lsでACLが出力されますがMultics Glossary -A-によると
r read
e execute
w write
null no access
でls -aとやってディレクトリが出力される場合
s status
m modify
a append
null no access
とのこと。
ls -a
Segments = 4, Lengths = 3.
r w 1 start_up.ec
rew 1 test.txt
r w 0 card_input.acs
r w 1 Kazuhisa.value
Directories = 1.
sma test
r 17:32 0.014 0
テープにバックアップ
テープにバックアップを取ります。
まず、ダンプ制御ファイルを作成します(以下ではfoo.dump)としました。
backup_dumpコマンドを実行します(リストアはretrieveコマンドです)。
このとき、ボリュームラベルを聞かれるのでラベル名を入力します。
以下は後述する認証まで行ってバックアップまでできた例です。
edm
Input.
>user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa
.
Edit.
w foo.dump
q
r 20:53 0.085 7
backup_dump -control foo -debug
Type primary dump tape label: kazuBackup
Mounting tape kazuBackup for writing
Mounted blank volume "kazuBackup" on device tapa_01
Begin at 07/24/24 2053.5 jst Wed
Map attached to file "!BBBKXnPnlHMPMb.backup.map".
Normal termination 07/24/24 2055.3 jst Wed.
r 20:55 1.794 43
コンソールにテープの認証を聞いてくるので、(テープを掛けてから(^^;)
認証(x auth)を入力します。
2053.8 RCP: Attached tapa_01 for Kazuhisa.SysEng.a
CONSOLE: ALERT
2053.8 RCP: Mount Reel kazuBackup with ring on tapa_01 for Kazuhisa.SysEng.a
attachTape selected unit 1
loadTape Attaching drive 1 to file kazuBackup.tap
TAPE: creating new file (kazuBackup.tap)
CONSOLE: ALERT
2053.8 RCP: Authenticate tapa_01. It has blank label .
M-> x auth tapa_01 ***
Ready
M->
CONSOLE: RELEASED
2055.2 RCP: Detached tapa_01 from Kazuhisa.SysEng.a
backupコマンドを実行した結果、dsp8 を実行したディレクトリに「kazuBackup.tap」のようにラベル名.tapでテープイメージができます。
/opt/multics/qs # ls -l *.tap
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5349060 Jul 23 10:52 12.8MULTICS.tap
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65652 Jul 24 20:55 kazuBackup.tap
/opt/multics/qs #
バックアップテープイメージからファイルを取り出すこともできます。
tapeUtilsを使用します。が、なんか変です。止まらない。
/opt/multics/qs # restore_tape x kazuBackup.tap | head -20
Reading tape file: kazuBackup.tap
Tape label information:
Kazu Corp. Systems
kazuBackup
3 DIR 0 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa
4 SEG 36864 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>!BBBKXnPnlHMPMb.backup.map
Creating BINARY file x\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\!BBBKXnPnlHMPMb.backup.map (.map)
6 SEG 10008 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>Kazuhisa.value
Creating BINARY file x\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\Kazuhisa.value (.value)
8 SEG 0 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>card_input.acs
create empty file () x/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa/card_input.acs
Creating BINARY file x\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\card_input.acs (.acs)
10 SEG 144 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>start_up.ec
Creating BINARY file x\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\start_up.ec (.ec)
12 DIR 0 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>test
14 NDC dirlst 0 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>test>
再度バックアップを取り直し、restore_tapeを再ビルドし、実行してみた。今度は大丈夫そう。
/opt/multics/qs # restore_tape backup kazuBackup.tap
Reading tape file: kazuBackup.tap
Tape label information:
Kazu Corp. Systems
kazuBackup
3 DIR 0 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa
4 SEG 36864 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>!BBBKXnQCpDZHXN.backup.map
Creating BINARY file backup\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\!BBBKXnQCpDZHXN.backup.map (.map)
6 SEG 3420 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>Kazuhisa.value
Creating BINARY file backup\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\Kazuhisa.value (.value)
8 SEG 0 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>card_input.acs
create empty file () backup/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa/card_input.acs
Creating BINARY file backup\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\card_input.acs (.acs)
10 SEG 144 >user_dir_dir>SysEng>Kazuhisa>start_up.ec
Creating BINARY file backup\user_dir_dir\SysEng\Kazuhisa\start_up.ec (.ec)
4 files restored
/opt/multics/qs #
また、取り出したファイルをASCIIに変換することもできます。
/opt/multics/qs # cd /opt/multics/qs/backup/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa
/opt/multics/qs/backup/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa # ls
!BBBKXnQCpDZHXN.backup.map card_input.acs
Kazuhisa.value start_up.ec
/opt/multics/qs/backup/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa # p72_to_acsii start_up.ec start_up.ec_ascii
/opt/multics/qs/backup/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa # cat start_up.ec_ascii
stty -ttp vt100
/opt/multics/qs/backup/user_dir_dir/SysEng/Kazuhisa #
maclispで遊ぶ
lisp
*
(+ 5 6)
13
(defun factorial (x)
(cond ((equal x 0) 1)
(t (times x (factorial (1- x))))))
factorial
(factorial 3)
6
(factorial 4)
30
(quit)
r 15:58 0.055 72
ん、改訂版Maclispマニュアル
によると「デフォルト基数は8である」とある。lisp立ち上げ時に読み込むファイル(start_up.lisp)を作成する。
edm
Input.
;;; A very typical init file -*- Mode:LISP; -*-
(comment) ;magic
(progn ; real init file stuff
(setq base 10. ibase 10. *nopoint nil) ;change radix
(setq nouuo t *rset t) ;these make debugging easier
'*) ;return an asterisk for lisp to print out
.
Edit.
w start_up.lisp
q
r 16:02 0.041 1
再度、動かしてみる。
lisp
*
(+ 5 6)
11.
(quit)
r 16:02 0.025 13
基数が10進になっているね。
もう少し、遊んでみる。
後藤英一, 戸島凞, 石畑清著 "記号処理の基礎と応用"にMINI-LISPの実行サンプルとして微分実行結果が載っています。これをMaclispで動かしてみます。evaluatorなMINI-LISPの記述を修正します。
r 10:24 0.079 14
edm
Input.
(defun diff (e x)
(cond ((atom e) (cond ((eq e x) 1) (t 0)))
((eq (car e) 'plus)
(list 'plus (diff (cadr e) x) (diff (caddr e) x)))
((eq (car e) 'times)
(list 'plus
(list 'times (cadr e) (diff (caddr e) x))
(list 'times (caddr e) (diff (cadr e) x))))))
(defun simp (e)
(cond ((atom e) e)
((eq (car e) 'plus)
(simpa (simp (cadr e)) (simp (caddr e))))
((eq (car e) 'times)
(simpm (simp (cadr e)) (simp (caddr e))))))
(defun simpa (p q)
(cond ((eq p 0) q)
((eq q 0) p)
(t (list 'plus p q))))
(defun simpm (p q)
(cond ((eq p 0) 0)
((eq q 0) 0)
((eq p 1) q)
((eq q 1) p)
(t (list 'times p q))))
(defun sdiff (e x) (simp (diff e x)))
.
Edit.
w diff.lisp
q
r 10:25 0.041 1
後はロードしてsdiffを実行します。
r 10:25 0.041 1
lisp
*
(load "diff.lisp")
t
(diff '(plus (times a x) b) 'x)
(plus (plus (times a 1) (times x 0)) 0)
(sdiff '(plus (times a x) b) 'x)
a
(quit)
r 10:25 0.052 14
system control requests
system controlのリクエストは以下があります。
M-> lr
Summary of system_control requests:
Type "list_help" for a list of topics available to the help request.
Type "help TOPIC" for more information on a given topic.
abs Control the absentee facility.
accept Accept a channel as a message coordinator
terminal.
accept_vchn Accept a message coordinator virtual
channel.
add_lv, alv Mount a logical volume for use.
add_vol, av Inform the system of the location of a
physical volume.
admin Enter admin mode.
attach Attach a communications channel for use.
bce Return to BCE.
bump Bump an interactive user from the system.
del_lv, dlv Demount a logical volume.
del_vol, dv Demount a physical volume.
define Define a new virtual console, or add a
disposition to an existing one.
deroute Remove a routine of a source stream.
detach Forcibly detach a communications channel
from a user.
down Sets, cancels, or prints the scheduled
shutdown time.
drop Drop a channel from use as a message
coordinator terminal.
exec, x Executes an extended command.
force_reset Force reset Answering Service locks and
masks.
go Start answering lines.
hmu Prints the number of users logged in.
init_vol Initialize a new physical volume.
intercom, ic Send a message to another message
coordinator terminal.
list_disks, ld Status of all disk drives.
list_lv_attachments, Status of logical volume attachments.
llva
list_vols, lsv Status of storage system volumes.
login, logi Logs in a daemon process.
logout, logo Logs out a daemon process.
maxunits, maxu Set the maximum number of users who may
login.
mc_list Lists message coordinator information.
message, motd Edit the message of the day.
multics, mult Initialize the Answering Service for a
special session.
no_start_up, ns Disables execution of the system_start_up
exec_com.
quit Send a quit signal to a daemon process.
rcp Control RCP.
reply, r Send input to a daemon process.
reroute Change the routing of a source stream.
route Route a source stream to a virtual console.
sign_off Sign out as operator.
sign_on Sign in as operator.
redefine Replace the disposition of a virtual
console.
remove Remove a channel from use.
reset Reset some Answering Service locks and
masks.
salvage_vol Physical volume salvage a volume.
set_time_zone, stz Set the system time zone.
shutdown, shut Shut down the system.
startup, star Start the Answering Service and begin
answering lines.
stop Bump users in preparation for system
shutdown.
substty Substitute one message coordinator terminal
for another.
sysid Changes the system ID.
terminate Forcibly terminate a process.
unbump Cancel a bump of an interactive user.
undefine Remove a disposition from a virtual
console.
set_drive_usage, sdu Change a disk between user I/O and Storage
System use.
preload Preload a disk or tape volume.
unload Unload a disk or tape volume.
load_mpx Loads a multiplexer.
dump_mpx Dumps a multiplexer.
start_mpx Starts a multiplexer.
stop_mpx Stops a multiplexer from accepting new
calls.
add_pdir_volume Adds a logical volume to the set of pdir
volumes.
del_pdir_volume Deletes a logical volume from the set of
pdir volumes.
set_pdir_volumes Specifies the set of pdir logical volumes.
log Adds a message to the system log.
shift Changes the shift.
disconnect Forcibly disconnects a user from their
terminal.
vacate_pdir_volume Moves all user process directories off of a
logical volume.
shutdown_mpx Shuts down a multiplexer without dumping
it.
reconfigure, rcf Reconfigures system hardware.
lock_mca Disable input to the MCAs.
unlock_mca Enable input to a selected MCA.
warn, w Sends a warning blast to a user.
who Lists logged in user.
word Changes the login word and banner message.
. Identify the signed-on operator.
help Obtain information on the operator
commands.
? Produce a list of the most commonly used
requests.
answer Provide preset answers to another request
line.
do Perform substitution into a control string
and execute or return the expansion.
execute_string, exs Perform substitution into a control string
and execute the expansion.
list_help, lh List topics for which help is available.
list_requests, lr List brief information on subsystem
requests.
q Leave the subsystem.
substitute_arguments, Perform substitution into a control string
substitute_args, and print or return the expansion.
sbag
Ready
プリンタに出力する際に使用した「x io」は「Executes an extended command」ですね。
それで、extended commandは「>sc1>admin.ec」に定義されています。
sc1はsystem_coltrol_dirね。
ヘッダーは以下の通りです。
******************************************************
* *
* Copyright, (C) Honeywell Bull Inc., 1987 *
* *
* Copyright (c) 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of *
* Technology and Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. *
* *
******************************************************
HISTORY COMMENTSを見ると MIT versionのadmin.ec から更新されているようです。以下は追加分です。
2) change(2018-01-12,Swenson), approve(2018-01-12,MCR10040),
audit(2018-01-13,GDixon), install(2018-01-16,MR12.6g-0003):
Fix "x repair" entry to not cause an answering service dump if no
arguments are supplied.
3) change(2018-01-17,Swenson), approve(2018-01-17,MCR10045),
audit(2018-01-23,Anthony), install(2018-01-23,MR12.6g-0011):
Fix "x vcons" to not use obsolete control argument -skip_incr_count N
to consolidated_volume_dump command.
4) change(2023-06-14,Swenson), approve(2023-06-14,MCR10134),
audit(2023-06-30,GDixon), install(2023-06-30,MR12.8-1059):
Update "x io1" to login the "puna" IO.SysDaemon before sending commands
to it.
ちょっとADMIN.ECを覗いてみる。「x io」と「x io1」との違いは動かすデーモンがプリンタのみかプリンタ＋カードパンチャーかが異なります。
& x io starts coordinator, prta
& x io1 starts coordinator, prta, puna
&
&label io
&label io1
sc_command r cord coordinator
pause 10
&label prta
sc_command r prta driver
sc_command r prta prta
sc_command r prta go
&if [equal &r1 io1] &then &goto punch
&quit
&
&label punch
&label puna
sc_command login IO SysDaemon puna
pause 10
sc_command r puna driver
sc_command r puna puna
sc_command r puna go
&quit
カードパンチに出力する
「x io」とか上で書いたけど。カードパンチの出力方法が書いてなかった。デーモンをコンソールで動かす。
M-> x io1
sc_command r cord coordinator
pause 10
1113 cord I/O Coordinator Version: 3.2
CONSOLE: ALERT
1113 cord iodc_init: Warning -- Cannot get old saved list. Some deletions may not be performed.
1113 cord I/O Coordinator initialized
--> cord
Host clock went backwards 2133984 uS!
sc_command r prta driver
sc_command r prta prta
sc_command r prta go
sc_command login IO SysDaemon puna
pause 10
1113 as LOGIN IO.SysDaemon dmn puna (create)
1113 puna Created >system_control_1>puna.message
1113 puna Enter command: coordinator, driver, or logout:
--> puna
1113 prta
1113 prta IO Daemon Driver Version: 5.7
1113 prta
1113 prta Enter command or device/request_type:
1113 cord New driver for device prta, request type printer (series = 10000)
1113.9 RCP: Attached prta for IO.SysDaemon.z
1113 prta
1113 prta prta driver ready at 07/29/24 1113.9 jst Mon
1113 prta
1113 prta Request 10001 printer q3: >user_dir_dir>SysDaemon>Salvager>salv_output.08/17/23.15:35
1113 prta from Salvager.SysDaemon.z (for "SALV OUTPUT")
1113 prta Charge for request 10001: $0.91 (507 lines, 13 pages)
1113 prta Request 10002 printer q3: >user_dir_dir>SysDaemon>Salvager>online_salvout.08/17/23.15:35
1113 prta from Salvager.SysDaemon.z (for "SALV ONLINE")
1113 prta Charge for request 10002: $0.01 (8 lines, 1 pages)
sc_command r puna driver
sc_command r puna puna
sc_command r puna go
Ready
M->
CONSOLE: RELEASED
1114.1 RCP: Attached puna for IO.SysDaemon.z
1114 puna
1114 puna IO Daemon Driver Version: 5.7
1114 puna
1114 puna Enter command or device/request_type:
1114 cord New driver for device puna, request type punch (series = 20000)
1114 puna
1114 puna puna driver ready at 07/29/24 1114.2 jst Mon
1114 puna
1114 prta prta driver: No requests, driver is idle.
eorコマンドでファイルを出力する。
edm
Input.
aaaaaa
bbbbbb
.
Edit.
w ab.txt
q
r 11:33 0.040 7
print ab.txt
ab.txt 07/29/24 1133.5 jst Mon
aaaaaa
bbbbbb
r 11:33 0.019 14
eor ab.txt -punch
1 request submitted; 0 already in punch queue 3.
r 11:33 -0.005 25
印刷の時と同様にファイルに出力されます。
/opt/multics/qs # ls -l puna.*
-rw------- 1 root root 1560 Jul 29 11:34 puna.spool.20001.KAZUHISA.SYSENG.A.V5RqOq.pun
/opt/multics/qs #
これをpunutilを使って変換します。
/opt/multics/qs # punutil -h
****
Punch File Utility
****
Multics Punch Utility Program
Invoking:
punutil [options]
Where options are:
-h, --help = Output this message
-a, --auto = Attempt to automatically determine the type of card deck
(Default; disables any previously enabled output options)
-n, --no-auto = Disable auto selection of the card format
(You must specify output control options)
-v, --version = Add version information to stderr output
Output control options:
By default 'auto' mode is active, where a scan attempts to determine the
type of deck. The scan order is: 'MCC', '7punch', and 'raw' (if neither
of the first two seem to apply). Note that the options below are
mutually exclusive.
-7, --7punch = Interpret the cards as 7punch data and output the data
(currently not supported!)
-c, --cards = Output an ASCII art form of the punched cards with an '*'
representing the punches
-f, --flip = If --cards is specified, the banner cards will be 'flipped'
so they can be read normally
-g, --glyphs = Output the glyphs parsed from the banner cards as ASCII
-m, --mcc = Interpret the cards as MCC Punch Codes
(Invalid punch codes will be converted to spaces)
-r, --raw = Dump the raw card data as 12-bit words in column order
This program will read a card spool file produced by the DPS8M Simulator,
parse it, and produce the requested output on standard output. Note that only
one output mode may be selected.
This software is made available under the terms of the ICU License,
version 1.8.1 or later. For complete details, see the "LICENSE.md"
included or https://gitlab.com/dps8m/dps8m/-/blob/master/LICENSE.md
/opt/multics/qs # punutil < puna.spool.20001.KAZUHISA.SYSENG.A.V5RqOq.pun
****
Punch File Utility
****
>> Auto-detected MCC Punch Codes <<
*****
Writing MCC output
*****
aaaaaa
bbbbbb
/opt/multics/qs #
おまけ
gcc/automake/make/m4/autoconfなどがinstallしているlinux環境があるならgccでビルドできます。こんな感じでコマンド打てば/usr/local/bin/dps8が生成されます。
apk add git libtool sudo
mkdir -p /opt/multics_install
cd /opt/multics_install
git clone https://github.com/libuv/libuv.git
cd libuv
git checkout v1.42.0 && \
sh autogen.sh && \
CC=gcc ./configure --disable-shared --enable-static
make V=1 && make V=1 install
cd /opt/multics_install
git clone https://gitlab.com/dps8m/dps8m
cd dps8m
make -j $(nproc) CC=gcc
make install
せっかくなのでBASICで遊んでみた。
edm
Input.
10 PRINT "HELLO,WORLD!"
20 END
.
Edit.
w hw.basic
q
r 00:24 0.030 2
basic hw
HELLO,WORLD!
r 00:24 0.014 2
ls
Segments = 2, Lengths = 2.
r w 1 hw.basic
r w 1 Repair.value
r 00:25 0.015 0
Student Handbook Cource Code F01 MLTICS CONCEPT AND ITILIZATIONに qedx コマンドの使用例が載っている。Unix系のedコマンドを知っていれば、内容はわかる、っというか逆か(^^;
qedx
a
"Now is hte time
for al good
their county
\f
1,$p
"Now is hte time
for al good
their county
2p
for al good
s/al/all/