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【JavaScript/TypeScript】import/export from使い方まとめ

Last updated at Posted at 2023-05-12

import fromとexport from、よく分からなくなるのでまとめました。

ファイル関係図

登場人物

  • child1.ts, child2.ts - 【子モジュール】メインプログラムで使える変数をexportする
  • parent.ts - 【親モジュール】小モジュール2つをまとめてexportし直す
  • main.ts - 【メインプログラム】親モジュールをimportして使う

関係図

左が右を読み込む。

 ↓(実行主体)
main.tsparent.tschild1.ts
             ← child2.ts

子モジュール定義

// child1.ts
export const hoge = 'hoge'
export const fuga = 'fuga'
export default 'default1'
// child2.ts
export const foo = 'foo'
export const bar = 'bar'
export default 'default2'

使い方

import { ... } - 選択したnamed exportそれぞれを変数で受け取る

// parent.ts
import { hoge } from './child1'
import { foo } from './child2'
console.log(hoge, foo) // hoge foo
export { hoge, foo }

// main.ts
import { hoge, foo } from './parent'
console.log(hoge, foo) // hoge foo

export { ... } - 選択したnamed exportそれぞれをそのままnamed export

// parent.ts
export { hoge } from './child1'
export { foo } from './child2'

// main.ts
import { hoge, foo } from './parent'
console.log(hoge, foo) // hoge foo

export * - named export全体をそのままnamed export

// parent.ts
export * from './child1'
export * from './child2'

// main.ts
import { hoge, fuga, foo, bar } from './parent'
console.log(hoge, fuga, foo, bar) // hoge fuga foo bar

【注意】defaultは対象外。

import ... - default exportを変数で受け取る

// parent.ts
export * from './child1'
export * from './child2'
import default2 from './child2'
console.log(default2) // default2
export default default2

// main.ts
import default2, { hoge, fuga, foo, bar } from './parent'
console.log(hoge, fuga, foo, bar, default2) // hoge fuga foo bar default2

export { default } - default exportをそのままdefault export

// parent.ts
export * from './child1'
export * from './child2'
export { default } from './child2'

// main.ts
import default2, { hoge, fuga, foo, bar } from './parent'
console.log(hoge, fuga, foo, bar, default2) // hoge fuga foo bar default2

export { default as <alias> } - default exportをnamed exportしなおす

// parent.ts
export * from './child1'
export { default as default1 } from './child1'
export * from './child2'
export { default as default2 } from './child2'

// main.ts
import { hoge, fuga, foo, bar, default2 } from './parent'
console.log(hoge, fuga, default1, foo, bar, default2) // hoge fuga default1 foo bar default2

import * as <alias> - export全体を変数で受け取る

// parent.ts
import * as child1 from './child1'
import * as child2 from './child2'
console.log(child1, child2) // { hoge: 'hoge', fuga: 'fuga', default: 'default1' } { foo: 'foo', bar: 'bar', default: 'default2' }
export { child1, child2 }

// main.ts
import { child1, child2 } from './parent'
console.log(
  child1.hoge,
  child1.fuga,
  child1.default,
  child2.foo,
  child2.bar,
  child2.default,
) // hoge fuga default1 foo bar default2

export * as <alias> - export全体をnamed exportしなおす

// parent.ts
export * as child1 from './child1'
export * as child2 from './child2'

// main.ts
import { child1, child2 } from './parent'
console.log(
  child1.hoge,
  child1.fuga,
  child1.default,
  child2.foo,
  child2.bar,
  child2.default,
) // hoge fuga default1 foo bar default2

参考

上記の合わせ技・抜け漏れ等は以下の公式ドキュメントからどうぞ

Barrel export(parent.tsの役割をそう呼ぶらしい)

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