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package.json のチルダ(~) とキャレット(^)

Last updated at Posted at 2015-08-20

バージョン指定でいっつもこいつの違いを忘れてしまって、npm とか semver のドキュメントを探すところから始まるから自分用のメモ。

  • ^1.1.2 = 1.x
  • ~1.1.2 = 1.1.x

(追記 一応↑は間違っていないのだけど、厳密にいうとちょっと間違っていた)

チルダ表記 ~

"明記したところ以下のバージョンがあがることのみ許容"

  • ~1.1.2 = 1.1.2 <= version < 1.2.0
  • ~1.1 = 1.1.x
  • ~1 = 1.x

オリジナルの定義は、

Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the comparator. Allows minor-level changes if not.

キャレット表記 ^

"一番左側にある、ゼロでないバージョニングは変えない (それ以下があがることは許容)"

  • ^1.2.3 := 1.2.3 <= version < 2.0.0
  • ^0.2.3 := 0.2.3 <= version < 0.3.0
  • ^0.0.3 := 0.0.3 <= version < 0.0.4

オリジナルの定義は

Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero digit in the [major, minor, patch] tuple.

余談

こんなことで悩むくらいなら最初から 1.2.x とか >=1.0.2 <2.1.2 とかみたいに書いておいたほうが圧倒的にわかりやすい。
許容されるのは↓の通り。

docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json
{ "dependencies" :
  { "foo" : "1.0.0 - 2.9999.9999"
  , "bar" : ">=1.0.2 <2.1.2"
  , "baz" : ">1.0.2 <=2.3.4"
  , "boo" : "2.0.1"
  , "qux" : "<1.0.0 || >=2.3.1 <2.4.5 || >=2.5.2 <3.0.0"
  , "asd" : "http://asdf.com/asdf.tar.gz"
  , "til" : "~1.2"
  , "elf" : "~1.2.3"
  , "two" : "2.x"
  , "thr" : "3.3.x"
  , "lat" : "latest"
  , "dyl" : "file:../dyl"
  }
}

参考

本件ではどうでもいいけどこれも:

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