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対数(Logarithm)

Last updated at Posted at 2021-05-14

対数(logarithm) は、**冪乗(exponentiation)**を導く、
**逆函数(inverse function)**です。

{x = b^n}

つまり、定数 x の対数(logarithm)は、

  • b = 底(base)

定数 x にするための

  • n = 指数(exponent)

になります。

対数(logarithm)の最も単純な導出例は、
同じ数値による、乗算の繰り返し回数です。

例えば、

{1000 = 10 \times 10 \times 10 = 10^3}

の場合、
10 を底(base)とする対数(logarithm)は、
1000 に対して 3 になります。

{\log_{10} 1000 = 3}

として表記されます。

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
  double x = 1000.0, y;

  y = log10(x);

  printf("The base 10 logarithm of %lf is %lf\n", x, y);
}
出力
The base 10 logarithm of 1000.000000 is 3.000000
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