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ユークリッドノルムで遊んだ

Last updated at Posted at 2022-04-08

ユークリッド距離の定義

ユークリッド空間上に定義された2つの座標$A,B$を以下のように定義します。

\begin{align}
A&=
\begin{pmatrix}
a_1 & a_2 &\cdots &a_{n-1} & a_n
\end{pmatrix}\\
B&=
\begin{pmatrix}
b_1 & b_2 & \cdots &b_{n-1} & b_n
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align}

このように定義すると2つの座標間のユークリッド距離は次のように与えられます。

\begin{align}
d=\sqrt{(a_1 - b_1)^2+(a_2 - b_2)^2 + \cdots +(a_{n-1} - b_{n-1})^2+(a_n - b_n)^2}= \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^n (a_i - b_i)^2}
\end{align}

C言語での実装

素直に作る

まず素直にC言語での実装すると次のようになります。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

double norm(double*, double*, int, int);

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {


    double p1[] = { 0,0};
    double p2[] = { 0,10};

    double d;

    int arrayNumber1 = sizeof p1 / sizeof p1[0];
    int arrayNumber2 = sizeof p2 / sizeof p2[0];

    d = norm(p1, p2, arrayNumber1, arrayNumber2);

    printf("norm -> %f", d);
    return 0;
}

double norm(double* p1, double* p2, int arrayNumber1, int arrayNumber2) {
    if (arrayNumber1 == arrayNumber2) {
        int i;
        double num = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < arrayNumber1; i++) {
            num = num + pow((p1[i] - p2[i]), 2.0);
        }

        printf("%f", num);
        return sqrt(num);
    }
    else {
        return -1;
    }
}

norm関数内でfor文をくるくる回して計算しています。norm関数内部のif文はエラー処理で、$A,B$の配列の長さが異なる場合エラーを返します。

if (arrayNumber1 == arrayNumber2)

再帰呼び出しで作る

次にこれを再帰呼び出しで作るとこのようになります。multiplication関数が何度も呼び出され結果がsumに加算されていきます。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

double norm(double*, double*, int, int);
void multiplication(double*, double*, int, double*);

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {


    double p1[] = { 0,0 };
    double p2[] = { 1,1 };

    double d;

    int arrayNumber1 = sizeof p1 / sizeof p1[0];
    int arrayNumber2 = sizeof p2 / sizeof p2[0];

    d = norm(p1, p2, arrayNumber1, arrayNumber2);

    printf("norm -> %f", d);
    return 0;
}

double norm(double* p1, double* p2, int arrayNumber1, int arrayNumber2) {
    if (arrayNumber1 == arrayNumber2) {
        double num = 0;
        int n = arrayNumber1 - 1;
        multiplication(p1, p2, n, &num);
        printf("%f", num);
        return sqrt(num);
    }
    else {
        return -1;
    }
}
void multiplication(double* p1, double* p2, int n, double* num) {
    if (n == 0) {
        *num = *num + pow(p1[0] - p2[0], 2.0);
    }
    else {
        multiplication(p1, p2, n - 1, num);
        *num = *num + pow(p1[n] - p2[n], 2.0);
    }
}

参考

Wikipedia ユークリッド距離

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