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[Ruby] 配列・ハッシュの相互変換

Last updated at Posted at 2023-08-31

目的

現在携わっているRails + Vue.jsのプロジェクトで、Railsで配列をハッシュにしてVue.jsに渡したいときがあったので、その方法についてまとめる。

ハッシュ -> 配列

h = {one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}

# キーや値の取り出し
p h.keys   #=> [:one, :two, :three]
p h.values  #=> [1, 2, 3]

# キーをシンボルにして返す、キーに戻す
p s = h.keys.map {|e| e.to_s }  #=> ["one", "two", "three"]
p s.map { |e| e.to_sym }  #=> [:one, :two, :three]

# 配列にする
p h.flatten  #=> [:one, 1, :two, 2, :three, 3]

# [キー、値]を要素とする配列に変換
p h.to_a  #=> [[:one, 1], [:two, 2], [:three, 3]]

# [[キー、...],[値、...]]の配列に変換
p h.to_a.transpose  #=> [[:one, :two, :three], [1, 2, 3]]

flattenメソッド

多次元の配列やハッシュを平坦化(1次元配列)にするためのメソッド

ary = [1, 2, [ 3, 4, 5, [6, 7,[8, 9]], 10]]
p ary.flatten  #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10]

# 引数で何階層目まで平坦化するかを指定できる
p ary.flatten(1)  #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [6, 7, [8, 9]], 10]
p ary.flatten(2)  #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, [8, 9], 10]

transposeメソッド

行と列を入れ替えた新しい配列を返す

[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]].transpose
#=> [[1,3,5],[2,4,6]]

配列 -> ハッシュ

a = ["one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3]
b = [["one", 1], ["two", 2], ["three", 3]]
c = [["one", "two", "three"], [1, 2, 3]]

# ハッシュ変換
p Hash[*a]  #=> {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}

# [[キー, 値], ...]の配列から変換
p Hash[*b.flatten]  #=> {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}
p b.to_h  #=> {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}

# [[キー, ...], [値, ...]]の配列から変換
p Hash[*c.transpose.flatten]  #=> {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}
p c.transpose.to_h

# キー配列と値の配列から変換
keys = ["one", "two", "three"]
values = [1, 2, 3]
p Hash[*[keys, values].transpose.flatten]  #=> {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}
p [keys, values].transpose.to_h  #=> {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}
p keys.zip(values).to_h

*(splat演算子)

配列を展開する演算子

ary = [1, 2, 3]
p [ary]  #=> [[1, 2, 3]]
p [*ary]  #=> [1, 2, 3]

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