DockerFileとdocker-compose.ymlと、appディレクトリ（中身は空でOK）を同階層に配置。

DockerFile

FROM nikolaik/python-nodejs:python3.12-nodejs20-slim

RUN apt update && apt clean

RUN pip3 install awscli --upgrade \
    && pip3 install --upgrade pip \
    && pip3 install aws-cdk-lib \
    && npm install -g aws-cdk

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'

services:
  aws-cdk:
    build: .
    image: aws_cdk_image
    volumes:
      - ./app:/app
    container_name: aws_cdk
    tty: true

コマンド

docker compose up -d
docker exec -it aws_cdk /bin/bash

mkdir -p /app/sample
cd /app/sample

cdk init --language python
cdk ls
cdk synth -o cloudformation --no-version-reporting --path-metadata false
# cdk synth [app_name] -o cloudformation --no-version-reporting --path-metadata false

app.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os

import aws_cdk as cdk
from aws_cdk import (
    DefaultStackSynthesizer
)

from sample.sample_stack import SampleStack

app = cdk.App()
SampleStack(app, "SampleStack", synthesizer=DefaultStackSynthesizer(
        generate_bootstrap_version_rule=False
    )
)

app.synth()

sample/sample_stack.py

from aws_cdk import (
    Stack,
    aws_s3_deployment as s3deploy,
    aws_s3 as s3,
    RemovalPolicy
)
from constructs import Construct

class SampleStack(Stack):

    def __init__(self, scope: Construct, construct_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
        super().__init__(scope, construct_id, **kwargs)

        s3bucket = s3.Bucket(
            self,
            "MyS3Bucket",
            bucket_name = "cdk-test-bucket-yyyymmdd",
            versioned=False,
            removal_policy=RemovalPolicy.DESTROY
        )