https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/routing#route-parameters のRegular Expression Constraints
Route::get('/admin/{role}', function ($role) {
$list = Admin::all();
return view('list', [
"list" => $list,
"role" => $role
]);
})->where("role","(admin|user)");
PHPで書く場合
Route::get('/admin/{role}', function ($role) {
if(!in_array($role,[
"admin",
"user"
])){
abort(404);
}
$list = Admin::all();
return view('list', [
"list" => $list,
"role" => $role
]);
});