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云服务器挂载大于2TB的数据盘

Last updated at Posted at 2021-06-07

查看磁盘分区类型

sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2c0bb34c

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 1048575966 1048573919  500G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6E47E086-B25E-4B28-B38E-96AC049A2761

Device     Start        End    Sectors Size Type
/dev/vdb1   2048 6442448895 6442446848   3T Linux filesystem
Disklabel type: dos
Disklabel type: gpt

安装

sudo apt install -y parted e2fsprogs

查看磁盘类型

sudo fdisk -l

使用 Parted 工具为数据盘进行分区

sudo parted /dev/vdb

进入提示

GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)

运行以下命令,将默认的 MBR 分区格式转为 GPT 分区格式
mklabel gpt

运行以下命令,划分一个主分区,并设置分区的开始位置和结束位置
mkpart primary 1 100%

运行以下命令,检查分区是否对齐
align-check optimal 1

运行结果如下所示
1 aligned

运行以下命令,查看分区表
print

运行以下命令,退出 Parted 工具
quit

parted 执行命令清单:

(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 1 100%
(parted) align-check optimal 1
1 aligned
(parted) print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 3299GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  3299GB  3299GB               primary

系统重读分区表

运行sudo partprobe /dev/vdb 没有任何提示

然后再运行 sudo fdisk -l,看到 Disklabel type: gpt

Disk /dev/vdb: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6E47E086-B25E-4B28-B38E-96AC049A2761

Device     Start        End    Sectors Size Type
/dev/vdb1   2048 6442448895 6442446848   3T Linux filesystem

创建一个 ext4 文件系统

sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1

挂载分区/dev/vdb1

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/vol

sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/vol

向/etc/fstab 里写入新分区信息

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
diskid=`sudo blkid /dev/vdb1 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\"//g'`
echo "$diskid /mnt/vol ext4 defaults 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

卸载

sudo umount -v /dev/vdb1

SSD 在线扩容

在阿里云控制台执行在线扩操作后,执行 df 命令,可以看到可用磁盘空间并没有扩大。

df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1      ext4       40G  4.4G   34G  12% /
/dev/vdb1      ext4      590G  545G   16G  98% /mnt/vol

通过查看云盘分区情况,在 ECS 实例内分区和文件系统并未扩容。

如果分区为 GPT 格式,必须执行此步骤;如果分区为 MBR 格式,请跳过此步骤。
sudo apt install -y gdisk

安装 cloud-guest-utils

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y cloud-guest-utils

扩容文件系统

sudo growpart /dev/vdb 1

# CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=1258287104 end=1258289152 new: size=2097149919,end=2097151967
sudo resize2fs /dev/vdb1

Filesystem at /dev/vdb1 is mounted on /mnt/vol; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 75, new_desc_blocks = 125
The filesystem on /dev/vdb1 is now 262143739 (4k) blocks long.

运行 df -Th检查扩容后结果。


参考:

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