LoginSignup
15
14

More than 5 years have passed since last update.

@shimataro999

RFC3986に準拠したURI検証用正規表現

Posted at

可能な限りRFCに準拠したEメールアドレス検証用正規表現という記事を以前投稿しましたが、今回はそのURI版です。

前回と違い、今度は「可能な限り」ではなくて 完全準拠 しています。多分。

はじめに

ウェブサービスを作っていると、入力されたURIが正しい形式か確かめたいということがあると思います。

今ならHTML5でinput要素にtype="url"が使えますし、そもそも検証せずとも実際にアクセスしてみればいいのですが、やっぱり事前に検証したいというときもありますよね。

ただ、RFC3986で規定されているURIの形式って結構複雑で、ほとんどのサービスでは簡易的な正規表現でチェックしてたりします。

そこで、RFCに準拠した正規表現に挑戦してみました。

とりあえず結果教えろ

はい。

/^[a-z]([a-z]|[0-9]|[+\-.])*:(\/\/((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|:)*@)?(\[((([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|([0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}:([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::)|v[0-9a-f]+\.(([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|[!$&'()*+,;=]|:)+)]|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}|(([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=])*)(:\d*)?(\/((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@]))*)*|\/(((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@]))+(\/((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@]))*)*)?|((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@]))+(\/((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@]))*)*|)(\?((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@])|[\/?])*)?(#((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@])|[\/?])*)?$/i

わけわかんねーよ解説しろよ

そんなこといわれても解説できません。こっちだってわけわかんねーんだよヽ(｀Д´#)ﾉｳﾜｧｧｧﾝ

生成過程を公開しますので、がんばって解析してください。
（ECMAScriptで書いてます）

const ALPHA = `[a-z]`;
const DIGIT = `[0-9]`;
const HEXDIG = `[0-9a-f]`;

// IPv4
const DEC_OCTET_1 = DIGIT; // 0-9
const DEC_OCTET_2 = `[1-9]${DIGIT}`; // 10-99
const DEC_OCTET_3 = `1${DIGIT}{2}`; // 100-199
const DEC_OCTET_4 = `2[0-4]${DIGIT}`; // 200-249
const DEC_OCTET_5 = `25[0-5]`; // 250-255
const DEC_OCTET = `(${DEC_OCTET_1}|${DEC_OCTET_2}|${DEC_OCTET_3}|${DEC_OCTET_4}|${DEC_OCTET_5})`;
const IPV4ADDRESS = `${DEC_OCTET}(\\.${DEC_OCTET}){3}`;

// IPv6
const H16 = `${HEXDIG}{1,4}`; // 16 bits of address represented in hexadecimal
const LS32 = `(${H16}:${H16}|${IPV4ADDRESS})`; // least-significant 32 bits of address
const IPV6ADDRESS_1 = `(${H16}:){6}${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_2 = `::(${H16}:){5}${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_3 = `(${H16})?::(${H16}:){4}${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_4 = `((${H16}:){0,1}${H16})?::(${H16}:){3}${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_5 = `((${H16}:){0,2}${H16})?::(${H16}:){2}${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_6 = `((${H16}:){0,3}${H16})?::${H16}:${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_7 = `((${H16}:){0,4}${H16})?::${LS32}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_8 = `((${H16}:){0,5}${H16})?::${H16}`;
const IPV6ADDRESS_9 = `((${H16}:){0,6}${H16})?::`;
const IPV6ADDRESS = `(${IPV6ADDRESS_1}|${IPV6ADDRESS_2}|${IPV6ADDRESS_3}|${IPV6ADDRESS_4}|${IPV6ADDRESS_5}|${IPV6ADDRESS_6}|${IPV6ADDRESS_7}|${IPV6ADDRESS_8}|${IPV6ADDRESS_9})`;

// Percent-Encoding: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.1
const PCT_ENCODED = `%${HEXDIG}${HEXDIG}`;

// Reserved Characters: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.2
const GEN_DELIMS = `[:/?#\\[]@]`;
const SUB_DELIMS = `[!$&'()*+,;=]`;
const RESERVED = `(${GEN_DELIMS}|${SUB_DELIMS})`;

// Unreserved Characters: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.3
const UNRESERVED = `(${ALPHA}|${DIGIT}|[-._~])`;

// Scheme: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
const SCHEME = `${ALPHA}(${ALPHA}|${DIGIT}|[+\\-.])*`;

// User Information: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.1
const USERINFO = `(${UNRESERVED}|${PCT_ENCODED}|${SUB_DELIMS}|:)*`;

// Host: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
const IPVFUTURE = `v${HEXDIG}+\\.(${UNRESERVED}|${SUB_DELIMS}|:)+`;
const IP_LITERAL = `\\[(${IPV6ADDRESS}|${IPVFUTURE})]`;
const REG_NAME = `(${UNRESERVED}|${PCT_ENCODED}|${SUB_DELIMS})*`;
const HOST = `(${IP_LITERAL}|${IPV4ADDRESS}|${REG_NAME})`;

// Port: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
const PORT = `\\d*`;

// Authority: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2
const AUTHORITY = `(${USERINFO}@)?${HOST}(:${PORT})?`;

// Path: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3
const PCHAR = `(${UNRESERVED}|${PCT_ENCODED}|${SUB_DELIMS}|[:@])`;
const SEGMENT = `(${PCHAR})*`;
const SEGMENT_NZ = `(${PCHAR})+`;
const SEGMENT_NZ_NC = `(${UNRESERVED}|${PCT_ENCODED}|${SUB_DELIMS}|@)+`; // non-zero-length segment without any colon ":"
const PATH_EMPTY = ``; // zero characters
const PATH_ROOTLESS = `${SEGMENT_NZ}(/${SEGMENT})*`; // begins with a segment
const PATH_NOSCHEME = `${SEGMENT_NZ_NC}(/${SEGMENT})*`; // begins with a non-colon segment
const PATH_ABSOLUTE = `/(${SEGMENT_NZ}(/${SEGMENT})*)?`; // begins with "/" but not "//"
const PATH_ABEMPTY = `(/${SEGMENT})*`; // begins with "/" or is empty
const PATH = `(${PATH_ABEMPTY}|${PATH_ABSOLUTE}|${PATH_NOSCHEME}|${PATH_ROOTLESS}|${PATH_EMPTY})`;

// Query: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.4
const QUERY = `(${PCHAR}|[/?])*`;

// Fragment: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.5
const FRAGMENT = `(${PCHAR}|[/?])*`;

// Syntax Components: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
const HIER_PART = `(//${AUTHORITY}${PATH_ABEMPTY}|${PATH_ABSOLUTE}|${PATH_ROOTLESS}|${PATH_EMPTY})`;
const URI = `${SCHEME}:${HIER_PART}(\\?${QUERY})?(#${FRAGMENT})?`;

おまけ: HTTP/HTTPS用の正規表現

上のURIにちょっと制限をつければOK。それでも長いけどね。
ほとんどIPv4/v6が占めています。

/^https?:\/\/((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|:)*@)?(\[((([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|([0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}:([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::([0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::)|v[0-9a-f]+\.(([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|[!$&'()*+,;=]|:)+)]|([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\.([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}|(([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=])*)(:\d*)?(\/((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@]))*)*(\?((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@])|[\/?])*)?(#((([a-z]|[0-9]|[-._~])|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[!$&'()*+,;=]|[:@])|[\/?])*)?$/i

出典

  • node-adjuster - 入力データの検証・修正を行うNode.js用の拙作ライブラリです。
    • 検証用の正規表現パターンとして adjuster.STRING.PATTERN.URI が定義されています。
    • 生成過程はsrc/libs/regexp/uri.mjs内にあります。
15
14
2

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
Sign upLogin
15
14