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Singleton の使用例

Last updated at Posted at 2021-09-25
関連記事のトップページ
[シリーズ] Python におけるデザインパターンの記録

概要

個人的には、Python での Singleton の使用頻度は非常に高い.

が、下記 URL にあるように Singleton の実装方法は何通りもあり、
どれが適切なのかが分からない.

https://try2explore.com/questions/jp/10006686
https://try2explore.com/questions/jp/10158296

私は次のように "静的"変数である __share_state を使う実装を拝借させてもらっている.1

class Singleton(object):
  _share_state = {}
  def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
    obj = super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
    # "静的"変数 _share_state へのポインタを obj.__dict__ に格納する
    obj.__dict__ = cls._share_state
    # obj を __init__(self) へ渡す
    return obj

class KlassA(Singleton):
  def __init__(self):
    # Singleton クラスの "静的"変数 _share_state に書き込まれる
    self.name = ''
    self.age  = 0

if __name == '__main__':

  a = KlassA
  a.name = 'Qiita'
  a.age  = 10

なお、参考情報として、pypattyrn という Singleton, Decorator, Iterator, Observer などの
デザインパターンを提供するサードパーティパッケージでは次のような実装であった.

class Singleton(type):
    """
    Singleton Metaclass.

    Enforces any object using this metaclass to only create a single instance.

    - External Usage documentation: U{https://github.com/tylerlaberge/PyPatterns/wiki/Creational-Pattern-Usage}
    - External Singleton Pattern documentation: U{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern}
    """
    __instance = None

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Override the __call__ method to make sure only one instance is created.
        """
        if cls.__instance is None:
            cls.__instance = type.__call__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

        return cls.__instance

 

以上.

  1. __new__(), __init__(), __dict__ の機構が理解できて、且つ、この方法で都合が悪かったことも無いため

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