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AndroidでStateパターンを使って状態を管理してみた

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少し複雑な操作が要求される画面を作る機会があったので、こんな感じに状態を表現できるかなということで試してみました。

作るもの

  • お試しなので単純にAPIを読んでリストに表示するだけの画面です。APIは何でもよかったのですが、ATNDさんのイベントを引っ張っています。

状態遷移

  • こんな感じ

スクリーンショット 2016-03-13 19.44.39.png

  • 初期状態から始まって、表示するデータを持ってなければ、準備中に状態遷移してAPIを呼んで取ってきたデータを表示して、入力待ちに状態遷移。初期状態時にすでにデータを持っていればそのまま表示して入力待ちに状態遷移、というイメージ。

登場するクラス

  • MainFragment ・・・ stateを管理するだけのクラス。ライフサイクルやイベントに応じて保持しているstateの対応するメソッドを呼ぶ。
  • MainFragmentLogic ・・・ Viewの操作やアプリの挙動などを定義する。
  • MainFragmentState ・・・ Fragmentの状態を表現するenum。各状態は必要に応じてメソッドをオーバライドする。

    • INIT : 初期状態
    • GETTING_READY : 準備中
    • IDLE : 入力待ち
    • PAUSE : 停止状態
  • 例えばINITの場合

    INIT {
        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(MainFragment fragment, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(fragment, savedInstanceState);
            fragment.initView();
        }

        @Override
        public void onResume(MainFragment fragment) {
            super.onResume(fragment);
            if (fragment.hasEventData()) {
                // すでにイベントのデータを持っていたら表示して入力待ちに状態遷移
                fragment.displayContents();
                fragment.next(IDLE);
            } else {
                // 持っていなかったら準備中に状態遷移
                fragment.next(GETTING_READY);
            }
        }
    },

実装

MainFragment.java
package me.rei_m.statepatternsample.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.fragment.state.MainFragmentState;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.model.AtndModel;

public class MainFragment extends MainFragmentLogic {

    public static MainFragment newInstance() {
        MainFragment fragment = new MainFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    private MainFragmentState state = MainFragmentState.INIT;

    public MainFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    public void next(MainFragmentState nextState) {
        state.exit(this);
        state = nextState;
        state.entry(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        state.onCreate(this, savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
        state.onCreateView(this, savedInstanceState);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        state.onActivityCreated(this, savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        state.onStart(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        state.onResume(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        state.onPause(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        state.onStop(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        state.onDestroyView(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        state.onDestroy(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void subscribe(Object o) {
        if (o instanceof AtndModel.AtndEventLoadedEvent) {
            state.subscribe(this, (AtndModel.AtndEventLoadedEvent) o);
        }
    }
}
MainFragmentLogic.java
package me.rei_m.statepatternsample.fragment;

import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import butterknife.Bind;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.R;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.event.RxBusProvider;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.manager.ModelLocator;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.model.AtndModel;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.view.adaptor.AtndEventListAdapter;
import rx.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import rx.subscriptions.CompositeSubscription;

abstract public class MainFragmentLogic extends Fragment {

    @Bind(R.id.list_atnd_event)
    ListView listAtndEvent;

    @Bind(R.id.text_list_atnd_empty)
    TextView emptyView;

    @Bind(R.id.text_list_atnd_error)
    TextView errorView;

    private CompositeSubscription compositeSubscription;

    private ProgressDialog progressDialog;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);
        ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        ButterKnife.unbind(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (compositeSubscription != null) {
            compositeSubscription.unsubscribe();
            compositeSubscription = null;
        }
    }

    public void initView() {
        AtndEventListAdapter listAdapter = new AtndEventListAdapter(getContext(), R.layout.list_item_atnd_event);
        listAtndEvent.setAdapter(listAdapter);
        emptyView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        errorView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }

    public void fetchEvent() {
        compositeSubscription = new CompositeSubscription();
        compositeSubscription.add(RxBusProvider.INSTANCE.get()
                .toObservable()
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(this::subscribe));
        ((AtndModel) ModelLocator.get(ModelLocator.Tag.ATND)).fetch();
    }

    public void showProgressDialog() {
        progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(getActivity());
        progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
        progressDialog.show();
    }

    public void hideProgressDialog() {
        progressDialog.dismiss();
    }

    abstract public void subscribe(Object o);

    public void displayContents() {
        AtndModel atndModel = ((AtndModel) ModelLocator.get(ModelLocator.Tag.ATND));
        AtndEventListAdapter listAdapter = (AtndEventListAdapter) listAtndEvent.getAdapter();
        listAdapter.clear();
        listAdapter.addAll(atndModel.getAtndEventList());
        listAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    public void displayEmptyMessage() {
        emptyView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

    public void displayErrorMessage() {
        errorView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

    public boolean hasEventData() {
        AtndModel atndModel = ((AtndModel) ModelLocator.get(ModelLocator.Tag.ATND));
        return (0 < atndModel.getEventCount());
    }
}
MainFragmentState.java
package me.rei_m.statepatternsample.fragment.state;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.fragment.MainFragment;
import me.rei_m.statepatternsample.model.AtndModel;

public enum MainFragmentState {

    INIT {
        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(MainFragment fragment, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(fragment, savedInstanceState);
            fragment.initView();
        }

        @Override
        public void onResume(MainFragment fragment) {
            super.onResume(fragment);
            if (fragment.hasEventData()) {
                fragment.displayContents();
                fragment.next(IDLE);
            } else {
                fragment.next(GETTING_READY);
            }
        }
    },
    GETTING_READY {
        @Override
        public void entry(MainFragment fragment) {
            super.entry(fragment);
            fragment.showProgressDialog();
            fragment.fetchEvent();
        }

        @Override
        public void onPause(MainFragment fragment) {
            super.onPause(fragment);
            fragment.next(PAUSE);
        }

        @Override
        public void subscribe(MainFragment fragment, AtndModel.AtndEventLoadedEvent event) {
            super.subscribe(fragment, event);
            fragment.hideProgressDialog();
            if (event.isSuccess()) {
                if (fragment.hasEventData()) {
                    fragment.displayContents();
                } else {
                    fragment.displayEmptyMessage();
                }
            } else {
                fragment.displayErrorMessage();
            }
            fragment.next(IDLE);
        }
    },
    IDLE {
        @Override
        public void onPause(MainFragment fragment) {
            super.onPause(fragment);
            fragment.next(PAUSE);
        }
    },
    PAUSE {
        @Override
        public void onCreateView(MainFragment fragment, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreateView(fragment, savedInstanceState);
            fragment.next(INIT);
        }
    };

    MainFragmentState() {
    }

    private String tag = MainFragmentState.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + name();

    public void entry(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "entry");
    }

    public void exit(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "exit");
    }

    public void onCreate(MainFragment fragment, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(tag, "onCreate");
    }

    public void onCreateView(MainFragment fragment, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(tag, "onCreateView");
    }

    public void onActivityCreated(MainFragment fragment, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(tag, "onActivityCreated");
    }

    public void onStart(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "onStart");
    }

    public void onResume(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "onResume");
    }

    public void onPause(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "onPause");
    }

    public void onStop(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "onStop");
    }

    public void onDestroyView(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "onDestroyView");
    }

    public void onDestroy(MainFragment fragment) {
        Log.d(tag, "onDestroy");
    }

    public void subscribe(MainFragment fragment, AtndModel.AtndEventLoadedEvent event) {
        Log.d(tag, "subscribe/AtndEventLoadedEvent");
    }
}

おまけ

  • 上記のコードはこちらに。一気に書いたのでちょっと変なところがあるかも。。。
  • 状態はEnumで表現しましたが、親クラスをabstractとしたり、interfaceにする形でも同じようにできると思います。

参考

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