push：配列を合体する
例１：
array = [1, 2, 3]
array.push(10, 100)
p array
[1, 2, 3, 10, 100]
例２：
arr_1 = [0, 1, 2]
=> [0, 1, 2]
arr_2 = [8, 9, 10]
=> [8, 9, 10]
arr_1.push(arr_2))
=> [0, 1, 2, [8, 9, 10]]
pushは「<<」と同義
a = [1, 2]
=> [1, 2]
b = [3, 4]
=> [3, 4]
a << b
=> [1, 2, [3, 4]]
どちらも重複した配列になる。
concat：配列を合体する
arr_1 = [0, 1, 2]
=> [0, 1, 2]
arr_2 = [8, 9, 10]
=> [8, 9, 10]
arr_1.concat(arr_2)
=> [1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10]
+演算子と同義。
a = [1, 2]
=> [1, 2]
b = [3, 4]
=> [3, 4]
a + b
=> [1, 2, 3, 4]
重複しない。
flatten! ：重複配列をフラットにする
(flattenでも可)
「!」は破壊的メソッドなので使用しないほうがいいかも。
arr_1 = [0, 1, 2]
=> [0, 1, 2]
arr_2 = [8, 9, 10]
=> [8, 9, 10]
arr_1.push(arr_2))
=> [0, 1, 2, [8, 9, 10]]
# 重複しても、、、
arr_1.flatten!
=> [0, 1, 2, 8, 9, 10]
# 解決！
配列の要素を数指定で取得
arr = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
# 「.」が2つのとき、10個の要素
arr[0..9]
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# 「.」が2つのとき、10個の要素
arr[1..9]
=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# 「.」が3つのとき、9個の要素
arr[0...9]
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
# [0..9]の中からランダムに2つだけ取る
arr[0..9].sample(2)
=> [4, 2]
sample：要素をランダムに取得する
arr = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
arr.sample(4)
=> [0, 8, 1, 4]
shuffle：シャッフルする
arr = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
arr.shuffle
=> [4, 8, 9, 2, 5, 1, 3, 7, 10, 0, 6]
arr.shuffle!
=> [5, 0, 4, 7, 6, 2, 1, 9, 10, 3, 8]
uniq：重複した要素を取り除く
a = [0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 3]
=> [0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 3]
b = [0, 1, 2, 6, 3, 5]
=> [0, 1, 2, 6, 3, 5]
c = ((a.sample(3)) + (b.sample(3)))
=> [6, 2, 1, 2, 5, 6]
# ユニークにする
c = ((a.sample(3)) + (b.sample(3))).shuffle!.uniq
=> [0, 6, 2, 3]
c = ((a.sample(3).uniq) + (b.sample(3)).uniq).shuffle!
=> [3, 1, 1, 2, 0, 4]
c = ((a.sample(3)) + (b.sample(3))).uniq.shuffle!
=> [4, 2, 3, 1, 6]
c = ((a.sample(3)) + (b.sample(3))).uniq.shuffle!
=> [0, 6, 4, 3, 1, 2]
combination：組み合わせ
arr = [1, 2, 3]
=> [1, 2, 3]
arr.combination(2){|x| print x}
[1, 2][1, 3][2, 3]=> [1, 2, 3]
3個の要素から2個を選んだ。
3C2の計算 = 3P2/2! = 3通り
permutation：順列
arr = [1, 2, 3]
=> [1, 2, 3]
arr.permutation(2){|x| print x}
[1, 2][1, 3][2, 1][2, 3][3, 1][3, 2]=> [1, 2, 3]
3P2 = 6通り