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Vuex入門:初心者向けガイド をやってみた

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以下のページがVuexの勉強でとても参考になりましたので、勉強させていただきました。m(_ _)m

※この投稿にかいてあることは全て↑のリンクにかいてあることと同じです。自分の備忘録として投稿させていただきました。

webpackで環境作成

参考サイトでは@vue/cliで環境作成を行っていましたが、私はwebpackで作成しました。

自分で試したサンプル

bash
yarn init -y
yarn add vue vuex
yarn add -D webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server vue-loader vue-template-compiler vue-style-loader css-loader babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env
./webpack.config.js
const VueLoaderPlugin = require("vue-loader/lib/plugin");

module.exports = {
    mode: "development",
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.vue$/,
                loader: "vue-loader"
            },
            {
                test: /\.js$/,
                loader: "babel-loader"
            },
            {
                test: /\.css$/,
                use: ["vue-style-loader", "css-loader"]
            }
        ]
    },
    plugins: [new VueLoaderPlugin()],
    resolve: {
        extensions: [".vue", ".js"],
        alias: {
            vue$: "vue/dist/vue.esm.js"
        }
    },
    devServer: {
        port: 9000,
        contentBase: "./",
        publicPath: "/dist/",
        open: "Google Chrome"
    }
};
./.babelrc
{
    "presets": [
        [
            "@babel/preset-env",
            {
                "targets": {
                    "node": "current"
                }
            }
        ]
    ]
}
./src/index.js
import Vue from "vue"
import App from "./App"
import store from './store'

new Vue({
    store,
    el: "#app",
    template: "<App/>",
    components: { App }
})
./src/App.vue
<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h1>Sample Counter</h1>
    <Counter />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Counter from "./components/Counter";

export default {
  components: {
    Counter
  }
};
</script>
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ count }} !</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      count: 0
    };
  }
};
</script>
./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        // put variables and collections here
    },
    mutations: {
        // put sychronous functions for changing state e.g. add, edit, delete
    },
    actions: {
        // put asynchronous functions that can call one or more mutation functions
    }
})
./index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>sample</title>
<script src=dist/main.js defer></script>
<div id=app></div>
bash
yarn webpack-dev-server

この実行環境をもとにガイドを進めていきます。

Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 4.21.38.png

Store

アプリケーション全体で参照するデータのかたまりの部分です。

store.jsで以下のように設定してみます。

./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        products: [],
        count: 5,
        loggedInUser: {
            name: 'John',
            role: 'Admin'
        }
    },
})

$storeを使ってストアを参照する

storeに全てのデータを集約させるので、<script>タグのdataの部分は削除します

./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ $store.state.count }} !</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {};
</script>

computedを使うことでスッキリ書くことができます。

./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ count }} !</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  computed: {
    count() {
      return this.$store.state.count;
    }
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 4.27.33.png

mapState Helper

mapStateを使うことでcomputedをさらに簡潔に書けます

./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Welcome, {{ loggedInUser.name }}.</p>
    <p>Count: {{ count }} !</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapState } from "vuex";

export default {
  computed: mapState({
    count: state => state.count,
    loggedInUser: state => state.loggedInUser
  })
};
</script>

また、↑のようにただstoreの値とするだけなら、文字列だけをmapStateに渡すことでさらに簡潔に書けます。
↓で同じ意味となります。

./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Welcome, {{ loggedInUser.name }}.</p>
    <p>Count: {{ count }} !</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapState } from "vuex";

export default {
    computed: mapState([
        "count", "loggedInUser"
    ])
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 4.35.31.png

computedstore以外の値を渡したい場合は、スプレッド構文を使えばうまくいきます。

./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Welcome, {{ loggedInUser.name }}.</p>
    <p>Count: {{ count }} ! Count is {{ parity }}.</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapState } from "vuex";

export default {
  computed: {
    ...mapState([
      "count", "loggedInUser"
    ]),
    parity () {
      return this.count % 2 === 0 ? "even" : "odd";
    }
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 4.39.44.png

Getters

vuexのsotregetterを設定すると、computedと同じように扱うことができます。

./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        products: [
            { id: 1, name: "Hoge", stock: 0 },
            { id: 2, name: "Fuga", stock: 3 },
            { id: 3, name: "Piyo", stock: 0 },
        ],
        count: 5,
        loggedInUser: {
            name: 'John',
            role: 'Admin'
        }
    },
    getters: {
        depletedProducts: state => {
            return state.products.filter(product => product.stock <= 0)
        }
    },
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="(product, i) in depletedProducts" :key="i">
          name: {{ product.name }}
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  computed: {
    depletedProducts() {
      return this.$store.getters.depletedProducts;
    }
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 4.54.27.png

mapGetters Helper

こちらもmapGettersというヘルパーが用意されており、簡潔に書くことができます。

./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="(product, i) in depletedProducts" :key="i">
        name: {{ product.name }}
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapGetters } from 'vuex'

export default {
  computed: {
    ...mapGetters([
      'depletedProducts',
      'anotherGetter'
    ])
  }
};
</script>

関数を返すことで、getterに引数を渡すこともできます。

        getProductById: state => id => {
            return state.products.find(product => product.id === id);
        }
./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        products: [
            { id: 1, name: "Hoge", stock: 0 },
            { id: 2, name: "Fuga", stock: 3 },
            { id: 3, name: "Piyo", stock: 0 },
        ],
        count: 5,
        loggedInUser: {
            name: 'John',
            role: 'Admin'
        }
    },
    getters: {
        depletedProducts: state => {
            return state.products.filter(product => product.stock <= 0)
        },
        getProductById: state => id => {
            return state.products.find(product => product.id === id);
        }
    },
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    product1: {{ getProductById(2).name }}
    <ul>
      <li v-for="(product, i) in depletedProducts" :key="i">
        name: {{ product.name }}
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapGetters } from "vuex";

export default {
  computed: {
    ...mapGetters([
        "depletedProducts", 
        "getProductById",
    ])
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 5.06.28.png

Mutations

storeの内容を直接変更してはいけません。
必ずmutationsから変更するようにしましょう。

./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        count: 1
    },
    mutations: {
        increment(state) {
            state.count++
        }
    }
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ $store.state.count }} !</p>
    <button @click="updateCount">increment</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    updateCount() {
      this.$store.commit("increment");
    }
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 5.20.03.png

パラメータを渡すこともできます

  incrementBy(state, n) {
    state.count += n;
  }
./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        count: 0
    },
    mutations: {
        incrementBy(state, n) {
            state.count += n;
        }
    }
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ $store.state.count }} !</p>
    <button @click="updateCount">increment</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    updateCount() {
      this.$store.commit('incrementBy', 25);
    }
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 5.23.44.png

オブジェクトをパラメータに渡すこともできる。

    mutations: {
        incrementBy(state, { amount }) {
            state.count += amount;
        }
    }
  methods: {
    updateCount() {
      this.$store.commit('incrementBy', { amount: 25 });
    }
  }

このようなオブジェクトを渡しても大丈夫です。

  methods: {
    updateCount() {
      this.$store.commit({
        type: "incrementBy",
        amount: 25
      });
    }
  }

mapMutations Helper

mapMutationsを使って簡潔に書くことができます。

./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        count: 0
    },
    mutations: {
        increment(state) {
            state.count++;
        },
        incrementBy(state, { amount }) {
            state.count += amount;
        },
    }
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ $store.state.count }} !</p>
    <button @click="increment">increment</button>
    <button @click="incrementBy({ amount: 2 })">increment + 2</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapMutations } from "vuex";

export default {
  methods: {
    ...mapMutations([
        "increment", 
        "incrementBy"
    ])
  }
};
</script>

Actions

mutationをcommitするときに、間に入って実行する機能です。
非同期処理を行うときはActionsからcommitします。

こちらが参考になりました
参考:https://vuex.vuejs.org/guide/actions.html#composing-actions

./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        count: 0
    },
    mutations: {
        increment(state) {
            state.count++;
        },
    },
    actions: {
        increment: context => {
            return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => {
                context.commit("increment");
                resolve(context.state.count)
            }, 1000))
        }
    }
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ $store.state.count }} !</p>
    <button @click="increment">increment</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    async increment() {
      console.log(await this.$store.dispatch("increment"));
    }
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 6.12.14.png
        increment: context => {
            return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => {
                context.commit("increment");
                resolve(context.state.count)
            }, 1000))
        }

contextは以下それぞれ受け取ることができます。

  • context.commit
    • mutationcommitする
  • context.state
    • stateを取得
  • context.getters
    • gettersを取得する

なのでこのように書くと簡潔になります

        increment: ({ commit, state, getters}) => {
          // ...
        },

mapActions Helper

./src/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        count: 0
    },
    mutations: {
        increment(state) {
            state.count++;
        },
    },
    actions: {
        increment: ({ commit }) => commit("increment"),
        incrementAsync: ({ commit, state }) => {
            return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => {
                commit("increment");
                resolve(state.count)
            }, 1000))
        }
    }
})
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Count: {{ $store.state.count }} !</p>
    <button @click="increment">increment</button>
    <button @click="incrementAsync">incrementAsync</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapActions } from  "vuex"

export default {
  methods: {
    ...mapActions([
      "increment",
      "incrementAsync",
    ])
  }
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 6.26.07.png

Vuexを使ったカウンター作成

ここまでのを組み合わせたカウンターを作成します。

./src/store.js
import Vue from "vue"
import Vuex from "vuex"

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
  state: {
    count: 0
  },
  getters: {
    parity: state => state.count % 2 === 0 ? "even" : "odd"
  },
  mutations: {
    increment(state) {
      state.count++;
    },
    decrement(state) {
      state.count--;
    }
  },
  actions: {
    increment: ({ commit }) => commit("increment"),
    decrement: ({ commit }) => commit("decrement"),
    incrementIfOdd: ({ commit, getters }) => getters.parity === "odd" ? commit("increment") : false,
    incrementAsync: ({ commit }) => {
      setTimeout(() => { commit("increment") }, 1000);
    }
  }
});
./src/components/Counter.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Clicked {{ count }} times! Count is {{ parity }}.</p>

    <button @click="increment">Increment</button>
    <button @click="decrement">Decrement</button>
    <button @click="incrementIfOdd">Increment if Odd</button>
    <button @click="incrementAsync">Increment Async</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapState, mapGetters, mapActions } from "vuex";

export default {
  name: "Counter",
  computed: {
    ...mapState(["count"]),
    ...mapGetters(["parity"])
  },
  methods: mapActions([
    "increment",
    "decrement",
    "incrementIfOdd",
    "incrementAsync"
  ])
};
</script>
Screen Shot 2019-07-07 at 6.36.42.png

最後まで読んでいただいてありがとうございました。m(_ _)m

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