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Rails 5.1.6 で Specified 'sqlite3' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'sqlite3'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError) というエラーが出たら

Posted at

TL;DR

sqlite3 gem のバージョンが新しすぎる可能性が高いです。バージョンを落とします。

Gemfile
gem 'sqlite3'

Gemfile
gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.3.0'

に書き換えて、 bundle install を実行

具体的な症状と解決方法

Rails 5.1.6 で新しいアプリケーションを作成、つまり rails _5.1.6_ new test_app した後に、 Scaffold で CRUD な処理を作ろうとすると、

/Users/i.norifumi.homma/RailsApps/test_app% bin/rails g scaffold User email:string last_name:string first_name:string password:string
/Users/i.norifumi.homma/.rbenv/versions/2.4.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.6.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:188:in `rescue in spec': Specified 'sqlite3' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'sqlite3'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError)

のようなエラーが出ることがあります。
bundle install 時にはエラーは出ませんし、ちゃんと Gemfile にも Gemfile.lock にも sqlite3 が記載されています。

そんな時は、 Gemfile を開いて、 sqlite3 のバージョンを 1.3 系に落として、再度 bundle install します。
そうすると、今度は正しく実行できます。

/Users/i.norifumi.homma/RailsApps/test_app% bin/rails g scaffold User email:string last_name:string first_name:string password:string
Running via Spring preloader in process 17420
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20190305084938_create_users.rb
      create    app/models/user.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/models/user_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/users.yml
      invoke  resource_route
       route    resources :users
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/users_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      app/views/users
      create      app/views/users/index.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/edit.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/show.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/new.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/_form.html.erb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/controllers/users_controller_test.rb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/users_helper.rb
      invoke      test_unit
      invoke    jbuilder
      create      app/views/users/index.json.jbuilder
      create      app/views/users/show.json.jbuilder
      create      app/views/users/_user.json.jbuilder
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/system/users_test.rb
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
      create      app/assets/javascripts/users.coffee
      invoke    scss
      create      app/assets/stylesheets/users.scss
      invoke  scss
      create    app/assets/stylesheets/scaffolds.scss

Rails 5.1.6 では sqlite3 のバージョン 1.4 系に対応していないようです。

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