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SIMなし緊急通報(他社回線経由緊急呼)の3GPP標準

Last updated at Posted at 2022-07-07

SIMなし緊急通報は、網の運用と規制を変えれば、1キャリア障害時に、他のキャリア経由で緊急呼はできるのでは?というツイートをみて、3GPPの緊急呼を読み返しました。
//ポジショントーク:公衆電話の選択肢も頭の片隅に残しておいてもらえれば、

他キャリア経由緊急呼概要

他社回線との契約がないとすると、おそらく認証・初期登録なしの緊急呼通報。
端末発信時は、
 発信者:Anonymous
 位置情報:Cell IdやGeolocation? location discovery?で通知? 網と端末がサポートしてれば
電波の掴み方、コア網(EPC)へのアタッチは専門外なのでわからず。

image.png

参考文献

[1] 3GPP TS 23.167 V17.0.0 IMS emergency sessions
[2] NENA 08 002, Version 1.0 (i3) USA
[3] 海外における重要通信の確保について NRI
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/jyuyou-t/pdf/080118_1_si4-9.pdf
[4] 3GPP TS 24.229 V17.0.0 Call Control Protocol SIP/SDP

詳細

3GPP TS 23.167 V17.0.0 IMS emergency sessions

Stage 2(アーキテクチャ)から順番に読んでいきます。

5. アーキテクチャー

緊急通報の場合は、E-CSCF(Emergency CSCF)というVoLTE交換機から、
PSAP(日本だと消防・警察の受付台、アメリカだと911の総合受台)につなぎます。
LRFは位置情報を通知するサーバー。
image.png

6.2.2. Emergency-CSCF (緊急機関に繋ぐ用の交換機)

端末がクレデンシャル(≒SIM)がなく、呼び返しの番号を持たない場合、各国の規制に従う。

If the UE does not have credentials, a non-dialable callback number shall be derived where required by local regulation (e.g. see Annex C of J STD 036 [23]).

7.1.1 UE Detectable Emergency Session

端末で、緊急通報とわかる場合(110)等をダイヤルした場合。
Emergency Sessionという特別な、無線・転送のリソースを確保して、緊急機関に通話をつなぐ。

image.png

7.3 Emergency Session Establishment in the Serving IMS network

Credential≒SIMがない場合、IMSへの登録(registrationなし)に、緊急セッションを確立。
今回はこれだ!
詳細は 7.4章

If the UE is aware that it does not have sufficient credentials to authenticate with the IMS network, it shall not initiate an IMS registration but immediately establish an emergency session towards the P CSCF, see clause 7.4.

7.4 IMS Emergency Session Establishment without Registration

IMS registrationなしで緊急通報する場合、"anonymous user"と"emergency service" を明示する。

P-CSCFは、各国の規制に応じて、"anonymous user" を拒否してもいい。

When the UE initiates an emergency session establishment without prior IMS registration, it shall include both the "anonymous user" and "emergency service" indications in the emergency session establishment request to the P CSCF.
Based on local regulation, the P CSCF may reject "anonymous user" emergency session establishment with appropriate error code. UE shall not reattempt the "anonymous user" emergency session again via the same network.

[2] NENA 08 002, Version 1.0 (i3) USA

4.1.4 Example Physical Architecture

アメリカはSIM無緊急呼の仕様は明確に書いてなかった。
個人的的には、せっかく投資するなら、
上半分のPublic IP Networkから、受付台につなぐ道を作る方が、
下半分のLegacy Circuit Switched Networkから、つなぐことを頑張るより効果が高そうな気がする。

image.png

[3] 海外における重要通信の確保について NRI

英国では、契約してるキャリアが圏外でも他キャリア経由で緊急通報できるらしい。
image.png

[4] 3GPP TS 24.229 V17.0.0 Call Control Protocol SIP/SDP

標準上SIMなし緊急呼の動作は3GPPに書いてあるはず。

4.7 Emergency service

UE(端末が緊急呼と認識している場合=110をダイヤルしたとき等 184110は違う)は5.1.6へ

4.7.2 Emergency calls generated by a UE
The UE procedures for UE detectable emergency calls are defined in subclause 5.1.6.
The P-CSCF, S-CSCF, IBCF, and E-CSCF procedures for emergency service are described in subclause 5.2.10, 5.4.8, 5.10.3.2 and 5.11, respectively.
b)

5.1 Procedures at the UE

端末は、attachしてるネットワークが、homeかローミング化を判断する。アクセスネットワーク毎(3G/LTE)の独自の動きはAnnexへ

5.1.6 Emergency service
The UE shall determine, whether it is currently attached to its home operator's network (e.g. HPLMN) or to a different network than its home operator's network (e.g. VPLMN) by applying access technology specific procedures described in the access technology specific annexes.

Annex L (normative) EPS=4G(LTE/EPC)利用時

L.2.2.6 Emergency service
国によって、SIMなしの緊急呼は許されている。
網がemergency bearer services in limited service state (see 3GPP TS 36.331 [19F])をサポートしていれば、REGISTRATIONなしの緊急呼が適用できる(5.1.6.8.2章参照)。

Some jurisdictions allow emergency calls to be made when the UE does not contain an ISIM or USIM, or where the credentials are not accepted. Additionally, where the UE is in state EMM-REGISTERED.LIMITED-SERVICE and EMM-REGISTERED.PLMN-SEARCH, a normal ATTACH has been attempted but it can also be assumed that a registration in the IM CN subsystem will also fail. In such cases, subject to the lower layers indicating that the network does support emergency bearer services in limited service state (see 3GPP TS 36.331 [19F]), the procedures for emergency calls without registration can be applied, as defined in subclause 5.1.6.8.2. If the EPS authentication procedure has already succeeded during the latest normal or emergency ATTACH procedure, the UE shall perform an initial emergency registration, as described in subclause 5.1.6.2 before attempting an emergency call as described in subclause 5.1.6.8.3.

5.1.6.8.2 Emergency session set-up in case of no registration

一応親の節もさらっと見ておく

5.1 Procedures at the UE

110ダイヤルしたときは、5.1.6章

The UE procedures for UE detectable emergency calls are defined in subclause 5.1.6

5.1.6 Emergency service

IM CN(LTE/EPC)で、Home網が障害でつながらなく、別オペレーターネットワークから緊急呼を発信する場合は、
 1) initial emeregnecy registration 5.1.6.2
 2) 緊急呼を試す 5.1.6.8.3

If the IM CN subsystem is selected and the UE is attached to a different network than its home operator's network (e.g. VPLMN), the UE shall:

  1. perform an initial emergency registration, as described in subclause 5.1.6.2; and
  2. attempt an emergency call as described in subclause 5.1.6.8.3.

5.1.6.2 Initial emergency registration

Emergency Registration(SIPを使った)に失敗したら、Registrationなし緊急呼へ(5.1.6.8.2)

the UE shall attempt an emergency call as described in subclause 5.1.6.8.2.
If:

  1. the UE receives a 403 (Forbidden) response to the REGISTER request for initial emergency registration containing an "sos" SIP URI parameter in the Contact header field; and

ここからSIMなし、REGなし緊急呼

5.1.6.8 Emergency session setup

5.1.6.8.2 Emergency session set-up in case of no registration

REGISTRATION(登録なし)緊急呼

  1. VoLTE交換機(P-CSCFのIPアドレスアドレス)を何らかの方法で知り、IP-CANのベアラを張る。
    //他社網の電波を掴むときにゲットできる?
  2. 発信
      INVITE urn:service:sos.police
       From: "Anonymous" sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid
       To: urn:service:sos.police
       Route: P-CSCFアドレス
       Conttact: sip:端末IPアドレス・ポート
       Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 端末IPアドレス・ポート; branch=z9hC4・・・
       P-Access-Network-Info : cell id等の位置情報
       Geolocation: ロケーションが分かるURI cid:target123@atlanta.example.com    
       Content-type: application/vnd.3gpp.current-location-discovery+xml

Prior to establishing an emergency session for an unregistered user, the UE shall acquire a local IP address, discover a P-CSCF, and establish an IP-CAN bearer that can be used for SIP signalling. The UE shall send only the initial INVITE requests to the port advertised to the UE during the P-CSCF discovery procedure. If the UE does not receive any specific port information during the P-CSCF discovery procedure, the UE shall send the initial INVITE request to the SIP default port values as specified in RFC 3261 [26].

#網側の動きもチェック

P-CSCF

5.2 Procedures at the P-CSCF

5.2.10 Emergency service

5.2.10.2 General treatment for all dialogs and standalone transactions excluding the REGISTER method – requests from an unregistered user

REGなし緊急呼のINVITEはここだ!
RouteヘッダにE-CSCF URIを設定。

  1. shall include a topmost Route header field set to the URI associated with an E-CSCF;
  2. shall execute the procedure described in subclause 5.2.6.3.3, subclause 5.2.6.3.7, subclause 5.2.6.3.11 and subclause 5.2.7.2, as appropriate except for:
  • verifying the preloaded route against the received Service-Route header field;
  • routing to IBCF;
  • removing the P-Preferred-Identity header field;
  • inserting a P-Asserted-Identity header field; and
  • inserting a type 1 "orig-ioi" header field parameter in the P-Charging-Vector header field;

5.11 Procedures at the E-CSCF

5.11.1 General

特にREGなし緊急呼に関する記述はない。

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