rustupを利用してRustをインストールしている場合、バージョンアップもrustupを利用します。

rustup update

実行例:

dev@DESKTOP-MP2H07E:~$ rustup update
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
info: latest update on 2024-11-28, rust version 1.83.0 (90b35a623 2024-11-26)
info: downloading component 'llvm-tools'
 33.4 MiB /  33.4 MiB (100 %)  10.4 MiB/s in  3s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-std' for 'thumbv7em-none-eabi'
info: downloading component 'rust-std' for 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
 18.9 MiB /  18.9 MiB (100 %)  10.8 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-src'
info: downloading component 'cargo'
info: downloading component 'clippy'
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
 16.4 MiB /  16.4 MiB (100 %)  10.4 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
 26.1 MiB /  26.1 MiB (100 %)  10.4 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustc'
 69.3 MiB /  69.3 MiB (100 %)  10.7 MiB/s in  6s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
info: removing previous version of component 'llvm-tools'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-std' for 'thumbv7em-none-eabi'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-std' for 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-src'
info: removing previous version of component 'cargo'
info: removing previous version of component 'clippy'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-docs'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-std'
info: removing previous version of component 'rustc'
info: removing previous version of component 'rustfmt'
info: installing component 'llvm-tools'
 33.4 MiB /  33.4 MiB (100 %)  10.9 MiB/s in  3s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-std' for 'thumbv7em-none-eabi'
info: installing component 'rust-std' for 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
 18.9 MiB /  18.9 MiB (100 %)  10.9 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-src'
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
 16.4 MiB /  16.4 MiB (100 %)   2.7 MiB/s in  5s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-std'
 26.1 MiB /  26.1 MiB (100 %)   6.5 MiB/s in  4s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustc'
 69.3 MiB /  69.3 MiB (100 %)   8.7 MiB/s in  8s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: syncing channel updates for 'nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
info: latest update on 2025-01-05, rust version 1.86.0-nightly (1891c2866 2025-01-04)
info: downloading component 'rust-src'
info: downloading component 'cargo'
  8.8 MiB /   8.8 MiB (100 %)   8.7 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'clippy'
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
 18.2 MiB /  18.2 MiB (100 %)  10.5 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
 26.8 MiB /  26.8 MiB (100 %)   9.2 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustc'
 69.2 MiB /  69.2 MiB (100 %)  10.6 MiB/s in  6s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-src'
info: removing previous version of component 'cargo'
info: removing previous version of component 'clippy'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-docs'
info: removing previous version of component 'rust-std'
info: removing previous version of component 'rustc'
info: removing previous version of component 'rustfmt'
info: installing component 'rust-src'
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
 18.2 MiB /  18.2 MiB (100 %)   3.7 MiB/s in  4s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-std'
 26.8 MiB /  26.8 MiB (100 %)   9.2 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustc'
 69.2 MiB /  69.2 MiB (100 %)   8.7 MiB/s in  8s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: checking for self-update
info: downloading self-update

   stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu updated - rustc 1.83.0 (90b35a623 2024-11-26) (from rustc 1.76.0 (07dca489a 2024-02-04))
  nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu updated - rustc 1.86.0-nightly (1891c2866 2025-01-04) (from rustc 1.79.0-nightly (85e449a32 2024-03-22))

info: cleaning up downloads & tmp directories

参考:

https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/