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Vault Secrets Operatorの動作確認

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1. はじめに

Vault Secrets Operatorの動作確認を行った際の手順を記載したもの

2. Vault Secrets Operator(VSO)

2.1. 動作概要

vault.vso.overview.png

  1. Vault Secrets OperatorがCRDsを確認
  2. Vault Secrets OperatorがCRDsをもとに、VaultからSecretを取得
  3. Vault Secrets OperatorがCRDsで指定されたパスに、Secretを作成

2.2. 動作に必要なリソース

  • App Pod
    • Namespace
    • Service Account
    • Secret
  • Vault Secrets Operator
    • VaultConnection
    • VaultAuth
    • VaultStaticSecret
  • Vault
    • Secret
    • Policy
    • Auth Method

3. 動作確認の流れ

以下の流れで動作確認を実施した。

  1. k8s clusterの構築
  2. App Podの事前準備(Namespace, Service Account)
  3. Vaultの構築
  4. Vaultの設定(Secret, Policy, Auth Method)
  5. VSOの構築
  6. VSO CRDsのデプロイ(VaultConnection, VaultAuth, VaultStaticSecret)
  7. Secretの確認

4. 手順詳細

動作確認にk8s(minikube)を使用したため、環境がない場合は下記を参考に構築しておく。

4.1. k8s clusterの構築

検証用のk8s clusterを構築する。

vault.vso.step1.png

手順はこちらを参照

4.2. App環境の事前準備

Secretが生成される環境を作成する。

vault.vso.step2.png

手順はこちらを参照

4.3. Vault構築

Secretを管理するVaultを構築する。
VaultはApp環境とは別のNamespaceを使用する。

vault.vso.step3.png

手順はこちらを参照

vaultを構築すると、vault-agent-injectorもデプロイされる。
injector.enabled=falseオプションをつけることでデプロイしないこともできる。
VSOの動作に影響はしないが、injectorが不要な場合はこちらの手順で構築する。

コマンド
$ helm install vault hashicorp/vault -n vault --create-namespace \
                                     --set 'injector.enabled=false'
実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ helm install vault hashicorp/vault -n vault --create-namespace --set 'injector.enabled=false'
NAME: vault
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu May  9 05:18:55 2024
NAMESPACE: vault
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
Thank you for installing HashiCorp Vault!

Now that you have deployed Vault, you should look over the docs on using
Vault with Kubernetes available here:

https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs


Your release is named vault. To learn more about the release, try:

  $ helm status vault
  $ helm get manifest vault
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get pod -n vault
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
vault-0   0/1     Running   0          13s
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

4.4. Vault設定

App Podが参照するSecret情報や必要となるVaultの設定を行う。

vault.vso.step4.png

手順はこちらを参照

4.5. Vault Secrets Operatorの構築

vault.vso.step5.png

Vault Secrets Operatorを構築する。

コマンド
$ helm search repo hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator
$ helm install vault-secrets-operator hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator --version 0.6.0 -n vault-secrets-operator --create-namespace
$ kubectl get all -n vault-secrets-operator
実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ helm search repo hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator
NAME                                    CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator        0.6.0           0.6.0           Official Vault Secrets Operator Chart
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ helm install vault-secrets-operator hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator --version 0.6.0 -n vault-secrets-operator --create-namespace
NAME: vault-secrets-operator
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu May  9 04:54:29 2024
NAMESPACE: vault-secrets-operator
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get all -n vault-secrets-operator
NAME                                                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c-ntv2q   2/2     Running   0          51s

NAME                                             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/vault-secrets-operator-metrics-service   ClusterIP   10.100.252.17   <none>        8443/TCP   51s

NAME                                                        READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager   1/1     1            1           51s

NAME                                                                   DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c   1         1         1       51s
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

4.6. VSO CRDsのデプロイ

VSOのCRDをデプロイする。
CRDをデプロイすると、VSOがSecretファイルを生成する。

vault.vso.step6.png

4.6.1. VaultConnection

コマンド
$ kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
kind: VaultConnection
metadata:
  name: vaultconnection
  namespace: app-ns
spec:
  address: http://vault.vault.svc.cluster.local:8200
  skipTLSVerify: true
EOF
$ kubectl get VaultConnection -n app-ns
実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
kind: VaultConnection
metadata:
  name: vaultconnection
  namespace: app-ns
spec:
  address: http://vault.vault.svc.cluster.local:8200
  skipTLSVerify: true
EOF
vaultconnection.secrets.hashicorp.com/vaultconnection created
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get VaultConnection -n app-ns
NAME                                                    AGE
vaultconnection.secrets.hashicorp.com/vaultconnection   16s
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

4.6.2. VaultAuth

コマンド
$ kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
kind: VaultAuth
metadata:
  name: vaultauth
  namespace: app-ns
spec:
  vaultConnectionRef: vaultconnection
  method: kubernetes
  mount: kubernetes
  kubernetes:
    role: app-role
    serviceAccount: app-sa
EOF
$ kubectl get VaultAuth -n app-ns
実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
kind: VaultAuth
metadata:
  name: vaultauth
  namespace: app-ns
spec:
  vaultConnectionRef: vaultconnection
  method: kubernetes
  mount: kubernetes
  kubernetes:
    role: app-role
    serviceAccount: app-sa
EOF
vaultauth.secrets.hashicorp.com/vaultauth created
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get VaultAuth -n app-ns
NAME                                        AGE
vaultauth.secrets.hashicorp.com/vaultauth   10s
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

4.6.3. VaultStaticSecret

コマンド
$ kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
kind: VaultStaticSecret
metadata:
  name: vaultstaticsecret
  namespace: app-ns
spec:
  vaultAuthRef: vaultauth
  type: kv-v2
  mount: app-secret
  path: kv-secret
  refreshAfter: 60s
  destination:
    create: true
    name: app-secret
EOF
$ kubectl get VaultStaticSecret,Secret -n app-ns
実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl apply -f -<<EOF
apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
kind: VaultStaticSecret
metadata:
  name: vaultstaticsecret
  namespace: app-ns
spec:
  vaultAuthRef: vaultauth
  type: kv-v2
  mount: app-secret
  path: kv-secret
  refreshAfter: 60s
  destination:
    create: true
    name: app-secret
EOF
vaultstaticsecret.secrets.hashicorp.com/vaultstaticsecret created
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get VaultStaticSecret -n app-ns
NAME                                                         AGE
vaultstaticsecret.secrets.hashicorp.com/vaultstaticsecret   3s
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

4.7. Secret確認

4.6でCRDsをデプロイ後、VSO側でSecretファイルを生成するため確認する。

コマンド
$ kubectl get secret -n app-ns
$ kubectl get secret -n app-ns -o yaml
実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret -n app-ns
NAME         TYPE     DATA   AGE
app-secret   Opaque   3      36s
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret -n app-ns -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  data:
    _raw: eyJkYXRhIjp7IlNFQ1JFVF9LRVkxIjoiYWFhYSIsIlNFQ1JFVF9LRVkyIjoiYmJiYiJ9LCJtZXRhZGF0YSI6eyJjcmVhdGVkX3RpbWUiOiIyMDI0LTA1LTA5VDA0OjUwOjIzLjgwNTk5MzU2MloiLCJjdXN0b21fbWV0YWRhdGEiOm51bGwsImRlbGV0aW9uX3RpbWUiOiIiLCJkZXN0cm95ZWQiOmZhbHNlLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjoxfX0=
    SECRET_KEY1: YWFhYQ==
    SECRET_KEY2: YmJiYg==
  kind: Secret
  metadata:
    creationTimestamp: "2024-05-09T04:58:28Z"
    labels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: secret-sync
      app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: hashicorp-vso
      app.kubernetes.io/name: vault-secrets-operator
      secrets.hashicorp.com/vso-ownerRefUID: 87c01285-0c1a-4011-bd93-b08bd26773f0
    name: app-secret
    namespace: app-ns
    ownerReferences:
    - apiVersion: secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1
      kind: VaultStaticSecret
      name: vaultdstaticsecret
      uid: 87c01285-0c1a-4011-bd93-b08bd26773f0
    resourceVersion: "1320"
    uid: a04650f5-62d2-4209-b6c4-c7795b5f4723
  type: Opaque
kind: List
metadata:
  resourceVersion: ""
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

Secretはbase64でエンコードされているため、デコードすることで、パラメータを確認できる。

実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret app-secret -n app-ns -o jsonpath='{.data.SECRET_KEY1}' |base64 -d
aaaa
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret app-secret -n app-ns -o jsonpath='{.data.SECRET_KEY2}' |base64 -d
bbbb
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

5. Vault Secrets Operatorの挙動確認

5.1. VSOの構成

kube-rbac-proxyとmanagerの2つのコンテナで構成されていた。

実行結果を展開する
実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl describe pod -n vault-secrets-operator vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c-ntv
2q
Name:             vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c-ntv2q
Namespace:        vault-secrets-operator
Priority:         0
Service Account:  vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager
Node:             minikube/192.168.49.2
Start Time:       Thu, 09 May 2024 04:54:30 +0000
Labels:           app.kubernetes.io/instance=vault-secrets-operator
                  app.kubernetes.io/name=vault-secrets-operator
                  control-plane=controller-manager
                  pod-template-hash=6954c7fb8c
Annotations:      kubectl.kubernetes.io/default-container: manager
Status:           Running
IP:               10.244.0.5
IPs:
  IP:           10.244.0.5
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c
Containers:
  kube-rbac-proxy:
    Container ID:  docker://1d71e3fb43e797359630ee253f3fba9606fa8f4b470f93def6a2b9af905d43b6
    Image:         gcr.io/kubebuilder/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.15.0
    Image ID:      docker-pullable://gcr.io/kubebuilder/kube-rbac-proxy@sha256:d8cc6ffb98190e8dd403bfe67ddcb454e6127d32b87acc237b3e5240f70a20fb
    Port:          8443/TCP
    Host Port:     0/TCP
    Args:
      --secure-listen-address=0.0.0.0:8443
      --upstream=http://127.0.0.1:8080/
      --logtostderr=true
      --v=0
    State:          Running
      Started:      Thu, 09 May 2024 04:54:42 +0000
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     500m
      memory:  128Mi
    Requests:
      cpu:     5m
      memory:  64Mi
    Environment:
      KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_DOMAIN:  cluster.local
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-rz5wg (ro)
  manager:
    Container ID:  docker://f204811b143a94bca95289dc939a09de89ab1715b1739f088692013635f1c7fd
    Image:         hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator:0.6.0
    Image ID:      docker-pullable://hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator@sha256:291286541d7c3052674021003b907c17e7019b9f499790b0859e1fb8442ffc93
    Port:          <none>
    Host Port:     <none>
    Command:
      /vault-secrets-operator
    Args:
      --health-probe-bind-address=:8081
      --metrics-bind-address=127.0.0.1:8080
      --leader-elect
    State:          Running
      Started:      Thu, 09 May 2024 04:54:54 +0000
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     500m
      memory:  128Mi
    Requests:
      cpu:      10m
      memory:   64Mi
    Liveness:   http-get http://:8081/healthz delay=15s timeout=1s period=20s #success=1 #failure=3
    Readiness:  http-get http://:8081/readyz delay=5s timeout=1s period=10s #success=1 #failure=3
    Environment:
      OPERATOR_POD_NAME:          vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c-ntv2q (v1:metadata.name)
      OPERATOR_POD_UID:            (v1:metadata.uid)
      KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_DOMAIN:  cluster.local
    Mounts:
      /var/run/podinfo from podinfo (rw)
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-rz5wg (ro)
Conditions:
  Type                        Status
  PodReadyToStartContainers   True
  Initialized                 True
  Ready                       True
  ContainersReady             True
  PodScheduled                True
Volumes:
  podinfo:
    Type:  DownwardAPI (a volume populated by information about the pod)
    Items:
      metadata.name -> name
      metadata.uid -> uid
  kube-api-access-rz5wg:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   Burstable
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age    From               Message
  ----    ------     ----   ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  10m    default-scheduler  Successfully assigned vault-secrets-operator/vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c-ntv2q to minikube
  Normal  Pulling    10m    kubelet            Pulling image "gcr.io/kubebuilder/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.15.0"
  Normal  Pulled     10m    kubelet            Successfully pulled image "gcr.io/kubebuilder/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.15.0" in 10.54s (10.54s including waiting). Image size: 55859514 bytes.
  Normal  Created    10m    kubelet            Created container kube-rbac-proxy
  Normal  Started    10m    kubelet            Started container kube-rbac-proxy
  Normal  Pulling    10m    kubelet            Pulling image "hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator:0.6.0"
  Normal  Pulled     10m    kubelet            Successfully pulled image "hashicorp/vault-secrets-operator:0.6.0" in 10.893s (10.893s including waiting). Image size: 75826538 bytes.
  Normal  Created    9m59s  kubelet            Created container manager
  Normal  Started    9m59s  kubelet            Started container manager
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

5.2. Vault Secret変更時のSecretの挙動

Vaultに登録しているSecretを変更したところ、Secretも少し待つと自動で更新された。

実行結果を展開する
実行結果
/ $ vault kv get app-secret/kv-secret
====== Secret Path ======
app-secret/data/kv-secret

======= Metadata =======
Key                Value
---                -----
created_time       2024-05-09T04:50:23.805993562Z
custom_metadata    <nil>
deletion_time      n/a
destroyed          false
version            1

======= Data =======
Key            Value
---            -----
SECRET_KEY1    aaaa
SECRET_KEY2    bbbb
/ $
/ $ vault kv put app-secret/kv-secret SECRET_KEY1="cccc" SECRET_KEY2="dddd"
====== Secret Path ======
app-secret/data/kv-secret

======= Metadata =======
Key                Value
---                -----
created_time       2024-05-09T05:03:04.669124279Z
custom_metadata    <nil>
deletion_time      n/a
destroyed          false
version            2
/ $ vault kv get app-secret/kv-secret
====== Secret Path ======
app-secret/data/kv-secret

======= Metadata =======
Key                Value
---                -----
created_time       2024-05-09T05:03:04.669124279Z
custom_metadata    <nil>
deletion_time      n/a
destroyed          false
version            2

======= Data =======
Key            Value
---            -----
SECRET_KEY1    cccc
SECRET_KEY2    dddd
/ $ 
/ $ exit
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ## Secretを確認
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret app-secret -n app-ns -o jsonpath='{.data.SECRET_KEY1}' |base64 -d
aaaa
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret app-secret -n app-ns -o jsonpath='{.data.SECRET_KEY1}' |base64 -d
aaaa
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret app-secret -n app-ns -o jsonpath='{.data.SECRET_KEY1}' |base64 -d
aaaa
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl get secret app-secret -n app-ns -o jsonpath='{.data.SECRET_KEY1}' |base64 -d
cccc
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

Secretが更新されたタイミングでVSOのログに下記のログが出力していた。

実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl logs -n vault-secrets-operator vault-secrets-operator-controller-manager-6954c7fb8c-ntv2q -f
2024-05-09T05:03:31Z    DEBUG   events  Secret synced   {"type": "Normal", "object": {"kind":"VaultStaticSecret","namespace":"app-ns","name":"vaultdstaticsecret","uid":"87c01285-0c1a-4011-bd93-b08bd26773f0","apiVersion":"secrets.hashicorp.com/v1beta1","resourceVersion":"1325"}, "reason": "SecretRotated"}

6. 環境削除

動作確認に使用したリソースを削除する。

実行結果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete VaultStaticSecret -n app-ns vaultstaticsecret
vaultstaticsecret.secrets.hashicorp.com "vaultstaticsecret" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete -n app-ns VaultAuth vaultauth
vaultauth.secrets.hashicorp.com "vaultauth" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete -n app-ns  VaultConnection vaultconnection
vaultconnection.secrets.hashicorp.com "vaultconnection" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ helm uninstall vault-secrets-operator -n vault-secrets-operator
release "vault-secrets-operator" uninstalled
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ helm uninstall vault -n vault
release "vault" uninstalled
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ helm repo remove hashicorp
"hashicorp" has been removed from your repositories
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete sa app-sa -n app-ns
serviceaccount "app-sa" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete ns app-ns
namespace "app-ns" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete ns vault-secrets-operator
namespace "vault-secrets-operator" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ kubectl delete ns vault
namespace "vault" deleted
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ minikube delete
🔥  Deleting "minikube" in docker ...
🔥  Deleting container "minikube" ...
🔥  Removing /home/ubuntu/.minikube/machines/minikube ...
💀  Removed all traces of the "minikube" cluster.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ unalias kubectl
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
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