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Qiita株式会社Advent Calendar 2022

Day 2

macOS 上に Rust の実行環境を用意する

Last updated at Posted at 2022-12-01

はじめに

最近 Rust を学んでおり macOS 上に Rust の実行環境を用意しました
Rust の設定方法としていくつか方法があったため、この方法が良かったとメモを残しておきます

今回の Goal

  • rustc, rustup, cargo 等の rust に関連するコマンドが実行出来る状態

セットアップ環境

$ sw_vers
ProductName:            macOS
ProductVersion:         13.0.1
BuildVersion:           22A400

shell は fish-shell を利用し、 Homebrew がセットアップされている前提です

実行環境を用意する

事前準備

もし、 Homebrew 等で rust を install していたら uninstall しておきましょう

brew uninstall rust
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.64.0... (35,008 files, 869.7MB)

rust が install されたままセットアップを続けると以下のようなエラーが出る場合があります

info: downloading installer
warning: it looks like you have an existing installation of Rust at:
warning: /usr/local/bin
warning: rustup should not be installed alongside Rust. Please uninstall your existing Rust first.
warning: Otherwise you may have confusion unless you are careful with your PATH
warning: If you are sure that you want both rustup and your already installed Rust
warning: then please reply `y' or `yes' or set RUSTUP_INIT_SKIP_PATH_CHECK to yes
warning: or pass `-y' to ignore all ignorable checks.
error: cannot install while Rust is installed

Continue? (y/N)

error: cannot install while Rust is installed

"rustup" を利用し環境を作成する

rustup という shell script を取得しましょう
取得先としては、公式サイトに記載されている方法や、"Homebrew" を用いる方法など様々あります

今回は、複数マシンで同じ環境となるように Brewfile を dotfiles レポジトリで管理している都合上 "Homwbrew" 経由で "rust" を取得しセットアップしていきます

brew install rustup-init

Homwbrew 経由で rustup-init の install が完了したら rustup-init を実行し、 cargo, rustc 等を設定しましょう
途中 install 方法の選択を求められますが "1) Proceed with installation (default)" を選択しましょう ( CLI 上に 1 と入力すれば OK )

$ rustup-init
Welcome to Rust!

This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.

Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:

  /Users/mziyut/.rustup

This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.

The Cargo home directory is located at:

  /Users/mziyut/.cargo

This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.

The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:

  /Users/mziyut/.cargo/bin

This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the profile files located at:

  /Users/mziyut/.profile
  /Users/mziyut/.bashrc
  /Users/mziyut/.zshenv

You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-apple-darwin
     default toolchain: stable (default)
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>1

info: profile set to 'default'
info: default host triple is x86_64-apple-darwin
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-apple-darwin'
info: latest update on 2022-11-03, rust version 1.65.0 (897e37553 2022-11-02)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
info: downloading component 'clippy'
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
info: downloading component 'rustc'
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
info: installing component 'rust-std'
info: installing component 'rustc'
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-apple-darwin'

  stable-x86_64-apple-darwin installed - rustc 1.65.0 (897e37553 2022-11-02)

Rust is installed now. Great!

To get started you may need to restart your current shell.
This would reload your PATH environment variable to include
Cargo's bin directory ($HOME/.cargo/bin).

To configure your current shell, run:
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"

PATH を通す (fish-shell 利用者のみ)

rustup-init の実行結果を見て頂くと、解るとおり "sh", "bash", "zsh" はに関連するファイルには PATH を通す処理がありますが fish-shell を利用している方は設定が必要です

~/.config/fish/config.fish
if test -d ~/.cargo
    fish_add_path $HOME/.cargo/bin
end

必要な toolchain を取得する

今回は、 rust-analyzer を設定します。
必要に応じて toolchain を取得しましょう

rustup component add rust-analyzer

Reference

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