docker runのmanに以下のように書いてあります。

  -p, --publish=[]

      Publish a container's port, or range of ports, to the host.

   Format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a range of ports.  When

   specifying ranges for both, the number of container ports in the range must match the number of host ports in the range.  (e.g., docker run -p 1234-1236:1222-1224 --name
   thisWorks -t busybox but not docker run -p 1230-1236:1230-1240 --name RangeContainerPortsBiggerThanRangeHostPorts -t busybox) With ip: docker run -p
   127.0.0.1:$HOSTPORT:$CONTAINERPORT --name CONTAINER -t someimage Use docker port to see the actual mapping: docker port CONTAINER $CONTAINERPORT

なので、-p 1234-1236:1222-1224という形式で指定ができるようですね。

$ docker run -itd --name renban -p 1234-1236:1222-1224/udp ubuntu
bdee0c27e5c6ead4ff5c1bdd615e02111d27a0ec41d4d70905dc60a662aa45f9
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                                                    NAMES
bdee0c27e5c6        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         4 seconds ago       Up 1 second         0.0.0.0:1234->1222/udp, 0.0.0.0:1235->1223/udp, 0.0.0.0:1236->1224/udp   renban

設定できました。
終わり。