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?. オプショナルチェーン

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例えばundefinedやnullか配列の変数に対して、includes()を使用するとエラーになってしまう可能性がある

const a = undefined
const hasOne = a.includes('1') // Uncaught TypeError: a.includes is not a function

そこで、変数がfalsyの場合はincludes()を実行しないという処理を挟む必要がある

const a = undefined
const hasOne = a && a.includes('1')

このようなとき、オプショナルチェーンを使用すると簡潔にかける

const a = undefined
const hasOne = a?.includes('1')
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